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Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Jun 2024Assessing condyle position postorthognathic surgery is pivotal for optimizing surgical accuracy, sustaining postoperative stability, and ensuring predictable treatment...
BACKGROUND
Assessing condyle position postorthognathic surgery is pivotal for optimizing surgical accuracy, sustaining postoperative stability, and ensuring predictable treatment outcomes.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to analyze the changes of condyle position after orthognathic surgery with different types of jaw deformity and to analyze whether the changes of condyle position are different.
STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE
A retrospective cohort study was designed and conducted, involving adults who underwent orthognathic surgery for jaw deformities at the affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University between 2019 and 2022. Patients with incomplete CT data were excluded.
PREDICTOR/EXPOSURE/INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
The primary predictor variable was time (preoperative and postoperative) and types of jaw deformities (skeletal Class III, skeletal Class II, and mandibular deviation).
MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S)
The main outcome variables were the three-dimensional linear and rotational positional changes of the condyle.
COVARIATES
Evaluated covariates included sex and age.
ANALYSES
MIMICS 20.0 software measured all data, and SPSS 22.0 software facilitated statistical analyses. Intragroup and intergroup correlation analyses employed paired t-tests and independent t-tests, with statistical significance set at P < .05.
RESULTS
The study sample was composed of 32 subjects with a mean age of 22.43 ± 1.6 and 9 were male. The analysis of changes of condylar position from virtual surgical planning to the immediate postoperative period showed that the maximum condylar displacement was 1.74 mm and the maximum angular change was 3.92°. The analysis of changes in condylar position from the immediate postoperative period to 1 year postoperatively showed no statistically significant changes for the same type of jaw deformity. But patients with Class II malocclusion exhibited distinct condylar displacement and rotation patterns compared to those with Class III malocclusion and mandibular deformity.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
The application of virtual surgical planning in orthognathic surgery ensures a high degree of consistency in achieving the desired condylar position. Moreover, no significant change in condylar position was observed after orthognathic surgery for the same type of jaw deformity. However, patients with Class II deformities exhibited a higher susceptibility to rotational displacement of the condyles compared to those with other types of jaw deformities.
PubMed: 38901470
DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2024.05.013 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Jun 2024To evaluate the dental abnormalities by visually assessing the labial and buccal photographs in dogs and cats and analyze their prevalence based on age and breed.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the dental abnormalities by visually assessing the labial and buccal photographs in dogs and cats and analyze their prevalence based on age and breed.
ANIMALS
1,096 client-owned dogs and 775 client-owned cats.
METHODS
Data were collected from patients who visited 26 private veterinary clinics from January to December 2022. Each animal was evaluated through dental photographs taken from the labial and buccal sides. Correlations between the prevalence of the identified dental abnormalities and age, craniofacial type, and breed, were analyzed.
RESULTS
Calculus, discoloration, epulis, fractured teeth, gingival recession, gingivitis, malocclusion, missing teeth, and persistent deciduous teeth could be identified by analyzing the dental photographs in both dogs and cats. Enamel defects in dogs and tooth resorption in cats could be identified. Brachycephalic dogs had a significantly higher prevalence of malocclusion (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.75) and missing teeth (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 2.71 to 4.91) compared to nonbrachycephalic dogs. Brachycephalic cats had a significantly higher prevalence of fractured teeth (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.04) and a lower prevalence of gingival recession (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.55) compared to nonbrachycephalic cats. Calculus, persistent deciduous teeth, and possibly gingivitis could be identified in dogs and cats by analyzing labial and buccal photographs. The assessment of some dental abnormalities such as fractured teeth, missing teeth, and tooth resorption can be limited without a complete dental examination under anesthesia.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Although the assessment of dental conditions may be underestimated, the data on the prevalence of the dental abnormalities evaluated through the photographs could be utilized for screening dental diseases.
PubMed: 38901457
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0085 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Jun 2024The stability of the condylar position within the first 3 months after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion is crucial for subsequent...
Three-Dimensional Changes of Condylar Position After Bimaxillary Surgery to Correct Skeletal III Malocclusion: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Voxel-Based Superimposition Analysis.
BACKGROUND
The stability of the condylar position within the first 3 months after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion is crucial for subsequent orthodontic treatment.
PURPOSE
The purpose was to compare condylar positional changes 3 months after bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal Class III deformities, utilizing the conventional two-dimensional combined with cone beam computed tomography voxel-based superimposition analysis.
STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE
This retrospective cohort study included skeletal Class III patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, in 2020. Exclusion criteria were patients with temporomandibular disorder symptoms, facial asymmetry prior to the surgery, or surgical complications.
EXPOSURE VARIABLE
The exposure variable was the timing, both preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. This 3-month postoperative time point was chosen because complete healing of the bimaxillary surgery is expected by then, without any potential influence of condylar changes resulting from subsequent orthodontic treatment.
MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES
The outcome variables are condylar position measurement, joint space (mm), and axial condylar angle (degrees).
COVARIATES
Demographics (age, sex) and surgical details (direction and amount of movement) were collected as covariates.
ANALYSES
Statistical analysis of condylar positional changes and correlations was performed using paired t-test and linear correlation (P value < .05), respectively.
RESULTS
The sample included 11 subjects (22 condyles), with a mean age of 24 ± 5.24 years. Both two-dimensional measurements and voxel-based three-dimensional superimposition showed significant changes in condylar position 3 months after bimaxillary surgery: inferior (0.45 ± 0.26 mm, P < .001), posterior (0.46 ± 0.39 mm, P = .003), lateral (0.38 ± 0.42 mm, P = .01) displacement, and inward rotation (5.21 ± 2.54°, P < .001). No significant correlation was found between jaw movement distance and condylar changes.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
To our knowledge, this is the first study to report measures of condylar changes at 3 months, when complete healing of the osteotomies would be expected, using Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement combined with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular setback. These changes are small in magnitude and may be of little relevance to patient care.
PubMed: 38889883
DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2024.05.014 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Jun 2024Osteochondroma (OC) is an uncommon reason for the mandibular condyle to grow excessively. Usually unilateral, it can impact the entire mandible, the condyle and ramus,...
Osteochondroma (OC) is an uncommon reason for the mandibular condyle to grow excessively. Usually unilateral, it can impact the entire mandible, the condyle and ramus, or just the condyle. It is a bony projection covered in cartilage that protrudes from the damaged bone's exterior. Condylar OC are more prevalent as a result of endochondral ossification-related development. The most notable characteristic is the gradual asymmetry of the face over time. Clinical symptoms of the patient include pain, asymmetry, malocclusion, partial or total hearing loss, trismus, and hypomobility of the TMJ. We report a case of 40-year-old male patient complaining of reduced mouth opening since last 10 years. Clinical examination revealed gross facial asymmetry, hard swelling over right TMJ, jaw deviation towards left side, restricted mouth opening of 3 mm and deranged occlusion. An irregular radiopaque mass was seen over the right condylar region in OPG. A large, hyperdense mass that obliterated the sigmoid notch and extended medially to the right condyle was visible on CT scans. Using a pre-auricular Alkayat-Bramley technique, the mass was surgically removed. Occlusal corrections and jaw physiotherapy were then administered. On follow up, deviation was corrected and adequate mouth opening was achieved.
PubMed: 38883440
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04469-8 -
Cureus May 2024Introduction In orthodontics, having a beautiful smile is very important. It is frequently the main driving force behind people's efforts to enhance their oral health...
Introduction In orthodontics, having a beautiful smile is very important. It is frequently the main driving force behind people's efforts to enhance their oral health and professional opportunities. Orthodontic and dental treatment planning might benefit greatly when evaluating the aesthetic components of a patient's smile in individuals with varying skeletal growth patterns. In order to help orthodontists achieve the best possible functional and aesthetic results for their patients, the eight elements of a balanced smile are essential to orthodontic therapy. This study aims to evaluate, in comparison to Skeletal Class I Average instances, eight balanced smile components in patients with Skeletal Class II Vertical and Horizontal growth patterns. Methodology A total of 45 patients aged 14-30 were selected from the Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Out-Patient Department (OPD). They were divided into three groups: Skeletal Class I Average, Skeletal Class II Vertical, and Skeletal Class II Horizontal cases based on their malocclusion type. Patients were made to smile in response to a joke or social conversation and their photos were analyzed using Photopea software (Photopea Inc., Prague, Czech Republic) to determine the eight components of a balanced smile. Result Three skeletal classes' worth of smile components were examined in this study. Lip line measurements varied greatly; the highest mean measurement was found in the Skeletal Class II Vertical group (p-value < 0.01). There were no noteworthy correlations found between smile arc and upper lip curvature. Measurements of lateral negative space did not show any significant group differences. On the other hand, a significant correlation was seen in smile symmetry, where asymmetrical smiles were more prevalent in Skeletal Classes I and II Vertical groups (p-value is 0.00072). While arch symmetry suggested a potential relationship between the groups, dental midline alignment revealed possible associations. Conclusion Assessing the aesthetic components of smiles in patients with varying skeletal growth patterns, i.e., contrasting Class II Vertical and Horizontal growth patterns with Class I Average cases, provides valuable information about the connection between smile aesthetics and facial skeletal structure. The results suggest that when compared to Class I typical instances, Skeletal Class II Vertical and Horizontal growth patterns may show clear variations in certain aspects of an attractive smile. Comprehending these variations is essential for devising treatment strategies for patients, and additional investigation is needed. In order to obtain optimal aesthetic outcomes, treatment strategies should strive to optimize smile aesthetics while addressing personalized treatment plans that take into account the patient's unique facial features, smiling preferences, and functional requirements.
PubMed: 38882971
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60399 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024To assess the dentist perception of efficiency, treatment outcome, and stability of the tooth movement treated with mysmartalign clear aligner therapy (MSA CAT).
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To assess the dentist perception of efficiency, treatment outcome, and stability of the tooth movement treated with mysmartalign clear aligner therapy (MSA CAT).
MATERIALS AND METHOD
A cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate the dentist perception of MYSMARTALIGN (MSA). To determine the sample size, a pilot study has been carried out and the final sample arrived was 4990 subjects. The current study's inclusion criteria took into account those who had finished their BDS and MDS as well as dentists and orthodontists who had been using the MSA CAT system on their patients for the previous 7 years.
RESULTS
The result of the study showed that most research participants (3650) used MSA to treat mild to moderate malocclusion, and 3996 participants said that initial digital treatment plans have been authorised with no revisions. In view of efficiency, 3894 doctors were satisfied with the final outcome.
CONCLUSIONS
Finally concluded that recent survey showed that dentists were very satisfied with the effectiveness and treatment results of the MSA clear aligner procedure.
PubMed: 38882901
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1095_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024The current purpose of the survey is to completely evaluate parents' attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of myofunctional appliances.
AIM
The current purpose of the survey is to completely evaluate parents' attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of myofunctional appliances.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Parents in Chennai participated in this cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey. Pilot study was carried out to determine the sample size, and 500 individuals were the final sample size. The 10 organized, predesigned, and validated questions are on awareness of myofunctional appliance.
RESULTS
The result of the survey showed that in 500 subjects, 79.8% were aware of skeletal problems. The proportion of parents willing to recommend the use of such treatments is about 70%, while 69% believe that myofunctional appliances are important in correcting skeletal problems.
CONCLUSION
The present study has established that most parents know about the functional appliance and have an understanding of how to distinguish between skeletal problems. In order to diagnose skeletal issues in an appropriate age range for the individual, more awareness about appliances is necessary and needs to be developed.
PubMed: 38882836
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_953_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Class II malocclusions are a common orthodontic problem, often requiring comprehensive treatment to achieve proper occlusion and facial harmony. Early orthodontic...
BACKGROUND
Class II malocclusions are a common orthodontic problem, often requiring comprehensive treatment to achieve proper occlusion and facial harmony. Early orthodontic intervention in the mixed dentition phase has been advocated to address these issues.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 150 patients with class II malocclusions who underwent early orthodontic treatment between the ages of 7 and 10 years. The treatment included fixed or removable appliances, headgear, and functional appliances, depending on individual needs. Records of their initial malocclusion severity, treatment modalities, and long-term follow-up data (mean follow-up duration of 10 years) were collected and analyzed. Stability was assessed by evaluating overjet and overbite changes from post-treatment to the long-term follow-up.
RESULTS
The initial mean overjet and overbite values were 8.5 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively. Following early orthodontic intervention, these values were significantly reduced to 3.0 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively ( < 0.001). At the long-term follow-up, the mean overjet and overbite remained stable at 3.2 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively. Analysis revealed that 85% of patients maintained their corrected class II occlusion within clinically acceptable limits, while 15% experienced minor relapse requiring minimal additional treatment.
CONCLUSION
Early orthodontic treatment in class II malocclusions can lead to significant improvements in overjet and overbite, and these corrections tend to remain stable over the long term.
PubMed: 38882812
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1171_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024The nasal septum is crucial in the development of the craniofacial structures. Deviated nasal septum is one of the anatomical causes of mouth breathing which in turn...
INTRODUCTION
The nasal septum is crucial in the development of the craniofacial structures. Deviated nasal septum is one of the anatomical causes of mouth breathing which in turn lead to malocclusion.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the dentofacial and cephalometric characteristics in individuals with nasal breathing obstruction brought on by nasal septal deviation, as well as the relationship between these defects and various malocclusions and the degree of facial asymmetry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A two-point evaluation was adopted for the selected patients, one at the ENT department using clinical examination and CT-PNS and the severity classified according to the Mladina classification and another at the dental department, using clinical examinations, PA cephalograms, lateral cephalograms, and facial photographs.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The association between malocclusion and various grades of septal deviation was statistically significant with a value of 0.006. Results showed that 13 patients are with Class I skeletal pattern, 20 patients with Class II, and 7 patients with Class III skeletal pattern. None of the grade 7 nasal septal deviation patients had class I malocclusion and none of the grade 2 nasal septal deviation patients had class III malocclusion. Class II division I malocclusion was the most common type noted in patients with nasal septal deviation. Grade 7 nasal septal deviation was associated with the maximum amount of ANS and mentioned deviation indicating significant facial asymmetry.
CONCLUSION
Class-II Division-1 malocclusion was the most common type noted and Class III malocclusion was more common in higher grades of nasal septal deviation. Maxillary and mandibular asymmetry worsens significantly with an increase in the grade of nasal septal deviation and is one of the significant factors in causing facial asymmetry.
PubMed: 38882724
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_408_23 -
Journal of Dental Research, Dental... 2024The present study investigated the skeletal and dental effect in class II division I growing patients due to mandibular deficiency treated with the hybrid aesthetic...
Evaluation of the skeletal and dental effects of a hybrid aesthetic functional appliance (HAF) in skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion: A prospective uncontrolled clinical trial.
BACKGROUND
The present study investigated the skeletal and dental effect in class II division I growing patients due to mandibular deficiency treated with the hybrid aesthetic functional (HAF) appliance.
METHODS
A sample of 16 growing patients (5 boys and 11 girls; mean age: 9.50 years, standard deviation: 1.15) with class II division I malocclusion were treated using the HAF appliance for an average period of 10±3 months. For each patient, a cephalometric radiograph was taken before and after treatment, and digital analysis was applied using the WebCeph program. The statistical analysis was performed to evaluate dental and skeletal changes associated with the HAF appliance and determine if there were any statistically significant variations in anatomical measurements between the start and completion of the treatment.
RESULTS
The data showed a significant increase in SNB angle (=0.002), leading to a significant decrease in ANB angle (=0.001). The mandibular length significantly increased (=0.008), the lower incisors were flared significantly (=0.028), and the lower molars were extruded significantly (≤0.001). Also, this study revealed a significant decrease in Wits appraisal (≤0.001), overjet (≤0.001), and overbite (=0.041). Additionally, a significant increase in lower anterior facial height (≤0.001), total facial height (=0.001), and posterior facial height (=0.037) were observed.
CONCLUSION
The HAF appliance showed that it could be used to correct class II division 1 skeletal discrepancy by mandibular advancement. The HAF appliance increased all facial heights significantly.
PubMed: 38881637
DOI: 10.34172/joddd.40732