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Annals of Diagnostic Pathology Oct 2024Tubulin β-3 staining pattern and staining intensity of 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5-hmC) are potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in melanocytic lesions that need...
Tubulin β-3 staining pattern and staining intensity of 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5-hmC) are potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in melanocytic lesions that need further evaluation. Melanocytic nevi and primary cutaneous melanomas were immunohistochemically stained for tubulin-β-3 and 5-hmC. Immunoreactivity and staining patterns were correlated with Breslow-thickness, clinical and pathological characteristics, and progression-free survival. Melanocytes showed positive tubulin β-3 staining. However, in most nevi, tubulin β-3 staining appeared as a gradient with intense cytoplasmic staining in cells of the superficial part of the lesion that faded to weak staining in the deep dermal part, while no gradient was found in deep penetrating nevi and melanomas. In 53 % of the melanomas, areas with loss of tubulin β-3 staining were found. 5-hmC staining intensity was significantly higher in melanocytic nevi compared to melanomas. Breslow thickness in combination with low 5-hmC score and loss of tubulin-β-3 staining was predictive for poor prognosis. As single markers, tubulin-β-3 and 5-hmC can be useful to distinguish between melanocytic nevi and melanoma, but staining variability limits the use of 5-hmC. In melanomas measuring >1.5 mm, combination of low 5-hmC score and loss of tubulin-β-3 staining may have prognostic value.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Prognosis; Male; Female; Tubulin; Skin Neoplasms; Middle Aged; 5-Methylcytosine; Aged; Adult; Immunohistochemistry; Nevus, Pigmented; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant; Aged, 80 and over; Melanocytes
PubMed: 38776734
DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152332 -
Cureus Apr 2024Pigmented hairy epidermal nevus, also known as Becker's nevus, has a typical description as a unilateral, hairy in appearance, light to dark brown patch with an...
Pigmented hairy epidermal nevus, also known as Becker's nevus, has a typical description as a unilateral, hairy in appearance, light to dark brown patch with an irregular but clearly defined border. However, the exact aetiopathogenesis is still poorly comprehended. We report the case of a 19-year-old female who presented with asymptomatic brownish-pigmented macular lesions on the right breast that had slowly increased in size over the past three years. Upon cutaneous inspection, the right breast had 3-5 mm rounded and oval perifollicular macules that ranged from light to dark brown hue without increased hair growth. The macules were discrete and in no particular pattern. Dermoscopy of the lesions showed well-defined perifollicular hypopigmentation surrounded by a pigmented network-like pattern. Histopathology of a punch biopsy taken from one of the follicular lesions demonstrated an increase in basal layer pigmentation with elongation of rete ridges and acanthosis, consistent with Becker's nevus. The patient underwent three sittings of diode laser therapy, once in four weeks, with slight improvement in pigmentation.
PubMed: 38752066
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58264 -
Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Apr 2024Postoperative atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is a rare complication that develops almost exclusively in children following oropharyngeal and otologic...
Unexpected postoperative atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation after excision of melanocytic nevi of the head and neck in older children: two case reports and literature review.
Postoperative atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is a rare complication that develops almost exclusively in children following oropharyngeal and otologic surgeries, proposing that oropharyngeal inflammatory responses and excessive head rotation are responsible factors. However, there have been no reports of AARS after excision of a nevus on the head and neck. Here, we present two cases of AARS following limited head rotation during simple nevus excision. Patient 1, a 9-year-old girl, complained of neck pain and limited range of motion after excision of the nevus on the neck. After 2 months, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging finally revealed AARS with a ruptured transverse atlantal ligament. A month of halo traction was required for the treatment. Patient 2, an 11-year-old girl, presented with immediate pain and limited neck extension after tissue expander insertion under the upper chest and excision of the nevus on her left cheek. The diagnosis was promptly made using cervical spine radiography. A cervical collar was applied for 1 month. Both patients recovered without any complications after treatment. This report highlights the importance of suspicion for AARS after surgery regardless of surgical duration or amount of head rotation.
PubMed: 38742335
DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2023.00444 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 38740415
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.240037 -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive...
Topics: Humans; Eyelid Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Nevus, Pigmented; Male; Female
PubMed: 38738718
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002616 -
Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research May 2024Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been recognized as a potential trigger for the transformation of benign melanocytic nevi into melanoma. However, the mechanisms governing...
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been recognized as a potential trigger for the transformation of benign melanocytic nevi into melanoma. However, the mechanisms governing the formation and progression of melanocytic nevi remain poorly understood. This lack of understanding is partly due to the difficulty in isolating and culturing nevus tissues in vitro, resulting in a dearth of robust ex vivo models for nevi. Therefore, the establishment of a reliable melanocytic nevus model is imperative. Such a model is essential for elucidating nevus pathogenesis and facilitating the development of effective therapeutic interventions. Therefore, we have sought to establish an ex vivo nevus explant model to study UVR stimulation. And the structural integrity and tissue activity of the ex vivo nevi explant model was evaluated. We then observed melanogenesis and proliferation activity of the explants after UVR stimulation. There was less blister formation after Day 3 in nevi explants under our modified medium conditions. The nevi explant was able to maintain almost the same morphological structure and tissue activity as in vivo tissue within 24 h. Following UVR stimulation, we observed increased melanogenesis and proliferation activity in nevi explants. Nevi explants could serve as an ex vivo model for UVR-induced nevi stimulation research.
PubMed: 38733366
DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13173 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Aug 2024Facial soft tissue lesions in children are often classified based on their structure or cellular origin and can be benign or malignant. This review focuses on common... (Review)
Review
Facial soft tissue lesions in children are often classified based on their structure or cellular origin and can be benign or malignant. This review focuses on common facial soft tissue lesions in children, their clinical morphology, natural history, and medical and surgical management, with an emphasis on those considerations unique to soft tissue lesions present at this anatomic site.
Topics: Humans; Child; Facial Neoplasms; Face; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38724424
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2024.03.001 -
Journal of the European Academy of... May 2024Dermoscopy of the nail unit (onychoscopy) is a method which allows for non-invasive observation of the nail structures, increasing the accuracy of clinical diagnosis.... (Review)
Review
Dermoscopy of the nail unit (onychoscopy) is a method which allows for non-invasive observation of the nail structures, increasing the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Currently, it is used in evaluation of both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions of the nail unit. However, in contrast to the skin, the anatomy of the nail unit prevents direct observation of nail bed or nail matrix structure during classic onychoscopy. Intra-operative onychoscopy is a variant of the technique which uses direct visualization of the nail unit structures after nail plate avulsion. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the current state of knowledge on intra-operative onychoscopy. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were systematically searched in January 2024. All types of study designs assessing intra-operative dermoscopy of the nail unit were included in this study. The risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The qualitative synthesis of 19 studies totalling a number of 218 cases in 217 patients included the following entities: melanoma, nevus, hypermelanosis (melanocytic activation), melanocytic hyperplasia, melanophages accumulation, squamous cell carcinoma, glomus tumour, lichen planus, onychomatricoma, onychomycosis and subungual exostosis. The main limitation of the study was a relatively low number of identified studies, most with low levels of evidence. Intra-operative onychoscopy does not replace histologic examination, though it may be useful in determining the modality of surgical diagnostic procedures.
PubMed: 38717320
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20078 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Nevus, Blue; Skin Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Female; Male
PubMed: 38713129
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.02.002 -
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Jul 2024The picosecond alexandrite laser has been safely and effectively used to treat the nevus of Ota in adults. However, limited data are available for children. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The picosecond alexandrite laser has been safely and effectively used to treat the nevus of Ota in adults. However, limited data are available for children.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy, safety, and correlative influencing factors of a 755nm picosecond alexandrite laser in the treatment of nevus of Ota in children.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed Chinese children with nevus of Ota who received a 755nm picosecond alexandrite laser treatment in a tertiary dermatological hospital.
RESULT
A total of 305 pediatric patients received an average of two treatments achieving an average of 79% pigment clearance. After the first treatment, 22 patients achieved complete clearance (95%-100%), and 72 patients achieved excellent response (75%-94%), with an average initial efficacy of 63% lesion clearance. Treatment at an early age achieved better initial efficacy (0- to 12-month group >1- to 6-year group, 6- to 12-year group). And 0- to 12-month group achieved better final efficacy. More treatment sessions also increased the final efficacy. Both initial efficacy and final efficacy were better when treating a darker lesion. The incidence of complications was 12.1%, with 10.8% being post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and 1.3% being hypopigmentation. The rate of recurrence was 6.6%.
LIMITATION
Retrospective study.
CONCLUSION
A 755nm picosecond alexandrite laser is safe and effective in treating nevus of Ota in children. Younger to initiate treatment, darker lesions, and more treatments are positively associated with better pigmentation clearance.
Topics: Humans; Nevus of Ota; Lasers, Solid-State; Child; Retrospective Studies; Female; Male; Child, Preschool; Skin Neoplasms; Infant; Adolescent; Treatment Outcome; Infant, Newborn; Low-Level Light Therapy
PubMed: 38711166
DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23795