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Asian Journal of Surgery Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Endodermal Sinus Tumor; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Feasibility Studies; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
PubMed: 37739897
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.09.050 -
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke... Aug 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Endodermal Sinus Tumor
PubMed: 37599242
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20220908-00552 -
Fetal and Pediatric Pathology Oct 2023Yolk sac tumors (YST) are commonly encountered gonadal germ cell tumors in children, especially in the prepubertal age group. In addition to gonadal primary, it can...
BACKGROUND
Yolk sac tumors (YST) are commonly encountered gonadal germ cell tumors in children, especially in the prepubertal age group. In addition to gonadal primary, it can occur in multiple extragonadal sites, of which sacrococcygeal, retroperitoneum, gastric and mediastinum are the commonest. There are 4 previous reports of primary penile YST.
CASE REPORT
We describe a primary penile yolk sac tumor in a child with achondroplasia.
CONCLUSION
Yolk sac tumor can occur in the penis during the prepubertal period. Penile yolk sac tumor associated with achondroplasia has not been previously reported, but this could be incidental.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Endodermal Sinus Tumor; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Penis
PubMed: 37534583
DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2242941 -
International Urology and Nephrology Nov 2023The aim of this study was to identify epidemiological and histopathological patterns of pediatric testicular tumor (TT) in Saudi population over 10 years.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to identify epidemiological and histopathological patterns of pediatric testicular tumor (TT) in Saudi population over 10 years.
METHODS
Retrospective data extracted from the Saudi Cancer Registry for Saudi children diagnosed with TT from 2008 to 2017. The data collected included patient's factors as age, year of diagnosis, survival status, and tumor factors as basis of diagnosis, origin of the tumor, histopathological group and subtype, and tumor behavior, stage, and laterality.
RESULTS
A total of 115 patients with a median age of 14 (IQR 1.5-17) were included. The primary tumor site was a normal descended testis in 98.3% (115). Yolk sac tumor was the most common 28.2% (33), followed by embryonal carcinoma in 27.4% (32) and mixed germ-cell tumors in 23.1% (27). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant association between survival and the stage of the tumor (p = 0.002). However, there was a lack of significant association between survival and age groups, histopathological groups, and histopathological subtypes (p = 0.541, p = 0.609, and p = 0.733, respectively). The overall mortality rate of TT 5.2% with all deaths caused by non-seminomatous germ-cell tumor diagnosed with stage 3.
CONCLUSIONS
The median age of the patients was 14 years. Yolk sac tumors were the most common while testicular choriocarcinomas were the least in incidence. No increase in the incidence of TT was seen and the mortality rate over the 10-year period was 5.2%. Shorter survival was associated with higher tumor stage.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Adolescent; Retrospective Studies; Saudi Arabia; Testicular Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Endodermal Sinus Tumor
PubMed: 37477777
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03701-2 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jul 2023Endodermal sinus tumor (EST) is a malignant tumor originating from the ovary or testis. In most case, ultrasound examination shows ovarian mass. But there is a special... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Endodermal sinus tumor (EST) is a malignant tumor originating from the ovary or testis. In most case, ultrasound examination shows ovarian mass. But there is a special kind of extra-gonadal endodermal sinus tumor, which occur in organs other than gonads with insidious onset. Here we reported a case of endodermal sinus tumor, which originated from the sacral ligament presenting as an acute lower abdominal pain.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 14-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of acute lower abdominal pain. The ultrasound showed a mass with 72 mm × 64 mm × 50 mm in Douglas, and there was no abnormality in bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes. Laparoscopic exploration showed a large amount of blood clots in the pelvic cavity. After removal of the blood, we found rotten fish-like tissue in the left sacral ligament, rapid pathology suggested endodermal sinus tumor. After the operation, we retrospectively examined the value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which was found to be elevated, and post-operative paraffin pathology confirmed the diagnosis. After four cycles of BEP chemotherapy, exploratory laparotomy was performed to remove the visible lesion, but postoperative pathology showed no abnormality. At the one-year follow-up, the patient remained recurrence-free.
CONCLUSION
Extra-gonadal germ cell tumors are rarely reported. When young teenagers complain of acute lower abdominal pain with elevated AFP, but there was no lesion in bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes, we must think about the possibility of endodermal sinus tumors. Accurate diagnosis facilitates complete resection of lesions and improves patient's outcomes.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Endodermal Sinus Tumor; alpha-Fetoproteins; Retrospective Studies; Abdominal Pain; Ligaments
PubMed: 37474890
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05849-2 -
Human Immunology Oct 2023Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is considered as a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the potency of ICB therapy in yolk sac tumors (YSTs) has not been...
BACKGROUND
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is considered as a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the potency of ICB therapy in yolk sac tumors (YSTs) has not been confirmed, and the comprehensive analysis of tumor immune microenvironment and the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 were also not thoroughly evaluated.
METHODS
Immunohistochemistry was performed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 23 YSTs patients to detect the density and distribution of tumor-infiltrating T cells, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), as well as the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4.
RESULTS
Overall, more than half (61 %) of all patients exhibited an immune-desert phenotype based on CD3 T cells. PD-1 expression was identified in five tumor samples (21.7 %), and PD-L1 expression exhibited a different positive rate in tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (39.1 % and 17.4 %). Noteworthily, the rate of positive CTLA4 expression in both TCs and TILs was markedly higher (69.6 % and 56.5 %) than those of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, TLSs were observed in 21.74 % of all tissues, and samples with TLSs exhibited significantly higher densities of TILs and higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules, particularly PD-1/PD-L1. In addition, tumors located in testes also exhibited a higher density of TILs and higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules.
CONCLUSION
Generally a high frequency of CTLA4 expression was found, PD-1/PD-L1 expression, the immune-inflamed phenotype, and TLSs were low frequency in YSTs, however, YSTs in testes showed a higher density of TILs and higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules.
Topics: Humans; B7-H1 Antigen; CTLA-4 Antigen; Endodermal Sinus Tumor; Immune Checkpoint Proteins; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Prognosis; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37453913
DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.07.003 -
Histopathology Sep 2023Yolk sac tumour postpubertal-type (YSTpt) shows a wide range of histological patterns and is challenging to diagnose. Recently, forkhead box transcription factor A2...
AIMS
Yolk sac tumour postpubertal-type (YSTpt) shows a wide range of histological patterns and is challenging to diagnose. Recently, forkhead box transcription factor A2 (FoxA2) emerged as a driver of YSTpt formation and a promising marker for diagnosing YSTpt. However, FoxA2 has not been tested in the different patterns of YSTpt. This study aimed to assess the staining pattern of FoxA2 in te different patterns of YSTpt and other germ cell tumours of the testis (GCTT), comparing it with glypican-3 (GPC3) and α-fetoprotein (AFP).
METHODS AND RESULTS
FOXA2, GPC3 and AFP immunohistochemistry was performed on 24 YSTpt (24 microcystic/reticular, 10 myxoid, two macrocystic, five glandular/alveolar, two endodermal sinus/perivascular, four solid, two polyembryoma/embryoid body and two polyvesicular vitelline) and 81 other GCTT. The percentage of positive cells (0, 1+, 2+, 3+) and the intensity (0, 1, 2, 3) were evaluated regardless of and within each YSTpt pattern. FoxA2 was positive in all YSTpt (24 of 24) and all but one (23 of 24) exhibited 2+/3+ stain, with higher intensity [median value (mv): 2.6] than AFP (1.8) and GPC3 (2.5). Both FoxA2 and GPC3 were positive in all microcystic/reticular (24 of 24), myxoid (10 of 10), macrocystic (two of two), endodermal sinus/perivascular (four of four) and polyembryoma/embryoid body (two of two) patterns. Nevertheless, only FoxA2 was positive in all glandular/alveolar (five of five), solid (four of four) and polyvesicular vitelline (two of two) patterns. The intensity of FoxA2 was higher than AFP and GPC3 in almost all YST patterns. In the other GCTT, FoxA2 was positive only in teratoma postpubertal-type (Tpt) [13 of 20 (65%)], with staining almost exclusively confined to the mature gastrointestinal/respiratory tract epithelium.
CONCLUSIONS
FoxA2 is a highly sensitive and specific biomarker that supports the diagnosis of YSTpt. FoxA2 is superior to GPC3 and AFP, especially in rare and difficult-to-diagnose histological patterns of YSTpt, but mature glands of Tpt could represent a potential diagnostic pitfall.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; alpha-Fetoproteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Endodermal Sinus Tumor; Testicular Neoplasms; Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Glypicans
PubMed: 37317674
DOI: 10.1111/his.14968 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Endodermal Sinus Tumor; Nasal Cavity
PubMed: 37295985
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.05.109 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Oct 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Mesonephroma; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 37230815
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.05.057 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Aug 2023The purpose of this study was to perform a population-based investigation to assess the disease characteristics and prognosis of children and adolescents with malignant...
Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors Based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database Analysis.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to perform a population-based investigation to assess the disease characteristics and prognosis of children and adolescents with malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors (MMGCT).
METHODS
Data on the demographics, treatment, and survival outcomes of children and adolescents with MMGCT from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018 were obtained. To compare survival curves, the log-rank test was employed. The generation of survival curves based on different parameters was done using Kaplan-Meier estimations. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to determine the variables linked to disease-specific survival.
RESULTS
The selection criteria were met by 152 MMGCT patients, 130 of whom were male. Fifty three cases of mixed germ cell tumors (GCTs), 41 cases of malignant teratomas, 26 cases of yolk sac tumors, 14 cases of seminoma, 13 cases of choriocarcinomas, and five cases of embryonal carcinoma were reported. Overall survival at 3 and 5 y for all patients was 63.1% and 61.2%, respectively. Malignant teratoma, yolk sac tumors, and mixed GCTs in children and adolescents had comparable survival rates, while those with choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma showed the worst prognosis. Embryonal carcinoma, malignant teratoma, mixed GCTs, and choriocarcinoma were found as risk factors by multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. In contrast, surgery and younger age were protective factors. However, chemotherapy alone showed no survival benefits.
CONCLUSIONS
Our population-based evidence showed that MMGCT had worse prognosis in older children and adolescents. Choriocarcinomas and embryonal carcinomas had the worst prognosis. Surgery can prolong survival time. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were not associated with improved prognosis.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Male; Child; Adolescent; Carcinoma, Embryonal; Endodermal Sinus Tumor; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Teratoma; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Choriocarcinoma; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 37062232
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.03.018