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Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine... Aug 2024New trials indicated a potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) to reduce hyperkalemia, which might have important clinical implications, but...
BACKGROUND
New trials indicated a potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) to reduce hyperkalemia, which might have important clinical implications, but real-world data are limited. Therefore, we examined the effect of SGLT2i on hyper- and hypokalemia occurrence using the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).
METHODS
The FAERS database was retrospectively queried from 2004q1 to 2021q3. Disproportionality analyses were performed based on the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
There were 84 601 adverse event reports for SGLT2i and 1 321 186 reports for other glucose-lowering medications. The hyperkalemia reporting incidence was significantly lower with SGLT2i than with other glucose-lowering medications (ROR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.86). Reductions in hyperkalemia reports did not change across a series of sensitivity analyses. Compared with that with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) alone (ROR, 4.40; 95% CI, 4.31-4.49), the hyperkalemia reporting incidence was disproportionally lower among individuals using RAASi with SGLT2i (ROR, 3.25; 95% CI, 3.06-3.45). Compared with that with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) alone, the hyperkalemia reporting incidence was also slightly lower among individuals using MRAs with SGLT-2i. The reporting incidence of hypokalemia was lower with SGLT2i than with other antihyperglycemic agents (ROR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.75-0.83).
CONCLUSION
In a real-world setting, hyperkalemia and hypokalemia were robustly and consistently reported less frequently with SGLT2i than with other diabetes medications. There were disproportionally fewer hyperkalemia reports among those using SGLT-2is with RAASi or MRAs than among those using RAASi or MRAs alone.
Topics: Humans; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Hyperkalemia; Retrospective Studies; Hypokalemia; Male; Pharmacovigilance; Female; Middle Aged; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Incidence; Aged; Potassium; Databases, Factual; United States; Risk Factors; Biomarkers; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38949149
DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000001646 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jul 2024Lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxides (LRMOs) have recently attracted enormous attention on account of their remarkably big capacity and high working voltage....
Lithium-rich manganese-based layered oxides (LRMOs) have recently attracted enormous attention on account of their remarkably big capacity and high working voltage. However, some inevitable inherent drawbacks impede their wide-scale commercial application. Herein, a kind of Cr-containing Co-free LRMO with a topical spinel phase (LiMnNiCrO) has been put forward. It has been found that the high valence of Cr can reduce the Li ion content and induce the formation of a local spinel phase by combining more Li ions, which is beneficial to eliminate the phase boundary between the spinel phase and the bulk phase of the LRMO material, thus dramatically avoiding phase separation during the cycling process. In addition, the introduction of Cr can also expand the layer spacing and construct a stronger Cr-O bond compared with Mn-O, which enables to combine the transition metal (TM) slab to prevent the migration of TM ions and the transformation of the bulk phase to the spinel phase. Simultaneously, the synergistic effect of the successfully constructed spinel-layered biphase interface and the strong Cr-O bond can effectively impede the escape of lattice oxygen during the initial activation process of LiMnO and provide the fast diffusion path for Li ion transmission, thus further reinforcing the configurable stability. Besides, Cr-LRMO presents an ultrahigh first discharge specific capacity of 310 mAh g, an initial Coulombic efficiency of as high as 92.09%, a good cycling stability (a capacity retention of 94.70% after 100 cycles at 1C), and a small voltage decay (3.655 mV per cycle), as well as a good rate capacity (up to 165.88 mAh g at 5C).
PubMed: 38949126
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03589 -
Nano Letters Jul 2024The controlled vapor-phase synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is essential for functional applications. While chemical vapor...
The controlled vapor-phase synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is essential for functional applications. While chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques have been successful for transition metal sulfides, extending these methods to selenides and tellurides often faces challenges due to uncertain roles of hydrogen (H) in their synthesis. Using CVD growth of MoSe as an example, this study illustrates the role of a H-free environment during temperature ramping in suppressing the reduction of MoO, which promotes effective vaporization and selenization of the Mo precursor to form MoSe monolayers with excellent crystal quality. As-synthesized MoSe monolayer-based field-effect transistors show excellent carrier mobility of up to 20.9 cm/(V·s) with an on-off ratio of 7 × 10. This approach can be extended to other TMDs, such as WSe, MoTe, and MoSe/WSe in-plane heterostructures. Our work provides a rational and facile approach to reproducibly synthesize high-quality TMD monolayers, facilitating their translation from laboratory to manufacturing.
PubMed: 38949123
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01314 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jul 2024There is a growing demand for research and development of advanced energy storage devices with high energy density utilizing earth-abundant metal anodes such as sodium...
There is a growing demand for research and development of advanced energy storage devices with high energy density utilizing earth-abundant metal anodes such as sodium metal. Tellurium, a member of the chalcogen group, stands out as a promising cathode material due to its remarkable volumetric capacity, comparable to sulfur, and significantly high electrical conductivity. However, critical issues arise from soluble sodium polytellurides, leading to the shuttle effect. This phenomenon can result in the loss of active materials, self-discharge, and anode instability. Here, we introduce polypyrrole-coated tellurium nanotubes as the cathode materials, where polypyrrole plays a crucial role in preventing the dissolution of polytellurides, as confirmed through optical microscopy. The polypyrrole-coated tellurium nanotubes exhibited an outstanding rate performance and long cycle stability in sodium-tellurium batteries. These research findings are anticipated to bolster the viability of polypyrrole-coated tellurium nanotubes as promising cathode materials, making a substantial contribution to the commercialization of sodium-ion battery technology.
PubMed: 38949109
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03576 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jul 20241D nanomaterials have attracted great attention due to their outstanding anisotropic and linear structures. A facile method is developed to fabricate 1D copper...
1D nanomaterials have attracted great attention due to their outstanding anisotropic and linear structures. A facile method is developed to fabricate 1D copper metal-organic framework nanowires (Cu-MOF-NW) through steam-assisted conversion from Cu-MOF precursors. During the steam-assisted conversion, Cu-MOF precursor gradually dissolves in methanol steam, and then recrystallized into Cu-MOF-NW, which shows high aspect ratio of about 600 and identical crystal structure of MOF-74. As-prepared Cu-MOF-NW with multiscale porous structure can effectively remove cationic dyes even in dye mixture. Moreover, Cu-MOF-NW, as an ideal template, is calcined to form Cu nanoparticle-doped carbon nanofiber with maintaining its 1D morphology, which shows excellent electrocatalytic activity for the non-enzymatic sensing of glucose.
PubMed: 38949096
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401903 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jul 2024Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets-based membranes, which have controlled 2D nano-confined channels, are highly desirable for molecular/ionic sieving and confined...
Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets-based membranes, which have controlled 2D nano-confined channels, are highly desirable for molecular/ionic sieving and confined reactions. However, it is still difficult to develop an efficient method to prepare large-area membranes with high stability, high orientation, and accurately adjustable interlayer spacing. Here, we present a strategy to produce metal ion cross-linked membranes with precisely controlled 2D nano-confined channels and high stability in different solutions using superspreading shear-flow-induced assembly strategy. For example, membranes based on graphene oxide (GO) exhibit interlayer spacing ranging from 8.0 ± 0.1 Å to 10.3 ± 0.2 Å, with a precision of down to 1 Å. At the same time, the value of the orientation order parameter (f) of GO membranes is up to 0.95 and GO membranes exhibit superb stability in different solutions. The strategy we present, which can be generalized to the preparation of 2D nano-confined channels based on a variety of 2D materials, will expand the application scope and provide better performances of membranes.
PubMed: 38949087
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410441 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jul 2024Mixed metal oxides (MMOs) are a promising class of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite their...
Mixed metal oxides (MMOs) are a promising class of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite their importance for sustainable energy schemes, our understanding of relevant reaction pathways, catalytically active sites, and synergistic effects is rather limited. Here, we applied synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to explore the evolution of the amorphous Co-Cu-W MMO electrocatalyst, shown previously to be an efficient bifunctional OER and HER catalyst for water splitting. Ex situ XAS measurements provided structural environments and the oxidation state of the metals involved, revealing Co (octahedral), Cu (tetrahedral/square-planar), and W (octahedral) centers. XAS investigations, including X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), elucidated the dynamic structural transformations of Co, Cu, and W metal centers during the OER and HER. The experimental results indicate that Co and Cu are the active catalytic sites involved in the OER and HER, respectively, while Cu and W play crucial roles as structure stabilizers, suggesting strong synergistic interactions within the Co-Cu-W MMO system. These results, combined with the Tafel slope analysis, revealed that the bottleneck intermediate during the OER is Co hydroperoxide, whose formation is accompanied by changes in the Cu-O bond lengths, pointing to a possible synergistic effect between Co and Cu ions. Our study reveals important structural effects taking place during MMO-driven OER/HER electrocatalysis and provides essential experimental insights into the complex catalytic mechanism of emerging noble-metal-free MMO electrocatalysts for full water splitting.
PubMed: 38949083
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06365 -
ACS Nano Jul 2024The side reactions and dendrite growth at the interface of Zn anodes greatly limit their practical applications in Zn metal batteries. Herein, we propose a hybrid...
The side reactions and dendrite growth at the interface of Zn anodes greatly limit their practical applications in Zn metal batteries. Herein, we propose a hybrid molecular sieve-based interfacial layer (denoted as ZM) with a hierarchical porous structure for Zn metal anodes, which contains 70 vol % microporous ZSM-5 molecular sieves and 30 vol % mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieves. Through comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the mesopores (∼2.5 nm) of MCM-41 can limit the disordered diffusion of free water molecules and increase the wettability of the interfacial layer toward aqueous electrolytes. In addition, the micropores (∼0.56 nm) of ZSM-5 can optimize the Zn solvation structures by reducing the bonded water molecules, which simultaneously decrease the constraint force of solvated water molecules to Zn ions, thus promoting the penetrability and diffusion kinetics of Zn ions in ZM. The synergetic effects from the hybrid molecular sieves maintain a constant Zn concentration on the surface of the Zn electrode during Zn deposition, contributing to dendrite-free Zn anodes. Consequently, ZM-coated Zn electrodes achieved excellent cycling stability in both half and full cells.
PubMed: 38949082
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04632 -
International Journal of... Jul 2024Natural amino acids (NAA) have been rarely investigated as chelators, despite their ability to chelate heavy metals (HMs). In the present research, the effects of...
Natural amino acids (NAA) have been rarely investigated as chelators, despite their ability to chelate heavy metals (HMs). In the present research, the effects of extracted natural amino acids, as a natural and environmentally friendly chelate agent and the inoculation of () and () bacteria were investigated on some responses of quinoa in a soil polluted with Pb, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Inoculation of PGPR bacteria enhanced plant growth and phytoremediation efficiency. Pb and Cd were higher in quinoa roots, while Ni and Zn were higher in the shoots. The highest efficiencies were observed with NAA treatment and simultaneous inoculation of and bacteria for Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn. The highest values of phytoremediation efficiency and uptake efficiency of Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn were 21.28, 19.11, 14.96 and 18.99 μg g-1, and 31.52, 60.78, 51.89, and 25.33 μg g-1, respectively. Results of present study well demonstrated NAA extracted from blood powder acted as strong chelate agent due to their diversity in size, solubilizing ability, abundant functional groups, and potential in the formation of stable complexes with Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn, increasing metal availability in soil and improving phytoremediation efficiency in quinoa.
PubMed: 38949066
DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2372688 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jul 2024Despite the challenges associated with the synthesis of flexible metal-covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), these offer the unique advantage of maximizing the atomic...
Despite the challenges associated with the synthesis of flexible metal-covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), these offer the unique advantage of maximizing the atomic utilization efficiency. However, the construction of flexible MCOFs with flexible building units or linkages has rarely been reported. In this study, novel flexible MCOFs are constructed using flexible building blocks and copper clusters with hydrazone linkages. The heterometallic frameworks (Cu, Co) are prepared through the hydrazone linkage coordination method and evaluated as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Owing to the spatial separation and functional cooperation of the heterometallic MCOF catalysts, the as-synthesized MCOFs exhibited outstanding catalytic activities with an overpotential of 268.8 mV at 10 mA cm for the OER in 1 M KOH, which is superior to those of the reported covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-based OER catalysts. Theoretical calculations further elucidated the synergistic effect of heterometallic active sites within the linkages and frameworks, contributing to the enhanced OER activity. This study thus introduces a novel approach to the fundamental design of flexible MCOF catalysts for the OER, emphasizing their enhanced atomic utilization efficiency.
PubMed: 38949055
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403775