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Mathematical Biosciences Jun 2024Metronomic chemotherapy refers to the frequent administration of chemotherapeutic agents at a lower dose and presents an attractive alternative to conventional...
Metronomic chemotherapy refers to the frequent administration of chemotherapeutic agents at a lower dose and presents an attractive alternative to conventional chemotherapy with encouraging response rates. However, the schedule of the therapy, including the dosage of the drug, is usually based on empiricism. The confounding effects of tumor-endothelial-immune interactions during metronomic administration of drugs have not yet been explored in detail, resulting in an incomplete assessment of drug dose and frequency evaluations. The present study aimed to gain a mechanistic understanding of different actions of metronomic chemotherapy using a mathematical model. We have established an analytical condition for determining the dosage and frequency of the drug depending on its clearance rate for complete tumor elimination. The model also brings forward the immune-mediated clearance of the tumor during the metronomic administration of the chemotherapeutic agent. The results from the global sensitivity analysis showed an increase in the sensitivity of drug and immune-mediated killing factors toward the tumor population during metronomic scheduling. Our results emphasize metronomic scheduling over the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and define a model-based approach for approximating the optimal schedule of drug administration to eliminate tumors while minimizing harm to the immune cells and the patient's body.
Topics: Humans; Administration, Metronomic; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Models, Theoretical; Models, Biological; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Mathematical Concepts
PubMed: 38580078
DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109186 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Apr 2024Effective treatment for canine oral malignant melanoma (, curative-intent surgery) may not be feasible or radiation therapy may be unavailable. However, chemotherapy is...
BACKGROUND
Effective treatment for canine oral malignant melanoma (, curative-intent surgery) may not be feasible or radiation therapy may be unavailable. However, chemotherapy is usually an option, and more information is needed regarding its use without adequate local treatments.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of chemotherapy in canine oral malignant melanoma without adequate local control, using carboplatin with dose reduction in small-breed dogs and metronomic chemotherapy.
ANIMALS AND PROCEDURE
Client-owned dogs with histopathologically diagnosed oral malignant melanoma were retrospectively enrolled from 2016 to 2022. The chemotherapy protocol in each case was determined by the attending clinician.
RESULTS
Thirteen dogs were included. The median progression-free interval of all 13 dogs was 42 d (14 to 953 d). The median overall survival time of dogs with chemotherapy as their only systemic treatment was 181 d (50 to 960 d; = 11). The median dosage of carboplatin was 250 mg/m. Response to treatment and clinical stage were significant prognostic factors.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
As chemotherapy provided a median survival of 6 mo, it could be considered when adequate local control is infeasible. Earlier clinical stages or achievement of at least stable disease during chemotherapy may indicate better survival in dogs.
Topics: Humans; Dogs; Animals; Melanoma; Carboplatin; Retrospective Studies; Antineoplastic Agents; Mouth Neoplasms; Dog Diseases; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 38562982
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Controlled Release :... May 2024Local and long-lasting administration of potent chemotherapeutics is a promising therapeutic intervention to increase the efficiency of chemotherapy of hard-to-treat...
Local and long-lasting administration of potent chemotherapeutics is a promising therapeutic intervention to increase the efficiency of chemotherapy of hard-to-treat tumors such as the most lethal brain tumors, glioblastomas (GBM). However, despite high toxicity for GBM cells, potent chemotherapeutics such as gemcitabine (Gem) cannot be widely implemented as they do not efficiently cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). As an alternative method for continuous administration of Gem, we here operate freestanding iontronic pumps - "GemIPs" - equipped with a custom-synthesized ion exchange membrane (IEM) to treat a GBM tumor in an avian embryonic in vivo system. We compare GemIP treatment effects with a topical metronomic treatment and observe that a remarkable growth inhibition was only achieved with steady dosing via GemIPs. Daily topical drug administration (at the maximum dosage that was not lethal for the embryonic host organism) did not decrease tumor sizes, while both treatment regimes caused S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We hypothesize that the pharmacodynamic effects generate different intratumoral drug concentration profiles for each technique, which causes this difference in outcome. We created a digital model of the experiment, which proposes a fast decay in the local drug concentration for the topical daily treatment, but a long-lasting high local concentration of Gem close to the tumor area with GemIPs. Continuous chemotherapy with iontronic devices opens new possibilities in cancer treatment: the long-lasting and highly local dosing of clinically available, potent chemotherapeutics to greatly enhance treatment efficiency without systemic side-effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Iontronic pumps (GemIPs) provide continuous and localized administration of the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine (Gem) for treating glioblastoma in vivo. By generating high and constant drug concentrations near the vascularized growing tumor, GemIPs offer an efficient and less harmful alternative to systemic administration. Continuous GemIP dosing resulted in remarkable growth inhibition, superior to daily topical Gem application at higher doses. Our digital modelling shows the advantages of iontronic chemotherapy in overcoming limitations of burst release and transient concentration profiles, and providing precise control over dosing profiles and local distribution. This technology holds promise for future implants, could revolutionize treatment strategies, and offers a new platform for studying the influence of timing and dosing dependencies of already-established drugs in the fight against hard-to-treat tumors.
Topics: Animals; Gemcitabine; Deoxycytidine; Brain Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Chick Embryo; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Administration, Metronomic
PubMed: 38548064
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.044 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024
PubMed: 38482207
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1385766 -
Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders May 2024
Topics: Humans; Adult; Immunologic Factors; Female; Male; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Rituximab; Immunotherapy; Antigens, CD20; Multiple Sclerosis; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
PubMed: 38457884
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105541 -
Current Oncology Reports Apr 2024This review describes the most relevant studies found in the scientific literature regarding metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) in the geriatric oncology population to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review describes the most relevant studies found in the scientific literature regarding metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) in the geriatric oncology population to support its use as a feasible treatment of care in the frail elderly patients.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent years have seen a reevaluation of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs and MCT is an emerging schedule in phase II and III clinical trials. Ageing is one of the risk factors for the development of cancer, the incidence of whom increases dramatically in people who live longer. To date, standard oncological protocols involve chemotherapeutic drugs in short cycles of therapy at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Although these therapeutic regimens may be successful, they can cause important adverse drug reactions, especially in elderly or frail patients. MCT is a different modality of delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs (frequent low dose for prolonged time) and it looks at the overcoming of the limitations and disadvantages of MTD, in particular the toxicity aspect. We reviewed the experience of clinicians who have used MCT in clinical trials enrolling elderly patients with different cancer types.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
PubMed: 38448722
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01505-w -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Targeted chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) have expanded the spectrum of therapies for patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) Hodgkin's disease and...
Targeted chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) have expanded the spectrum of therapies for patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) Hodgkin's disease and significantly improved the proportion of patients with long-term disease control. However, there is no standardized therapeutic option in case of further progression. Recently, we demonstrated that therapy with MEPED (metronomic chemotherapy, everolimus, pioglitazone, etoricoxib, dexamethasone) is highly effective in patients with r/r Hodgkin's disease. The benefit after pre-treatment with ICPi has not been studied, yet. Here, we report a patient with progressive Hodgkin's disease on Pembrolizumab for the first time who achieved sustained complete remission (CR) after initiation of MEPED therapy. A 57-year-old patient was pre-treated with brentuximab vedotin for relapsed advanced Hodgkin's disease and had received Pembrolizumab for progression from November 2020 to July 2022. Due to further progression, MEPED therapy was started in August 2022 and continued until May 2023. It consisted of a strictly oral daily (28-day cycle) application of low-dose treosulfan 250 mg, everolimus 15 mg, pioglitazone 45 mg, etoricoxib 60 mg, and dexamethasone 0.5 mg. Treatment response was evaluated by F-18 FDG-PET/CT (PET/CT). CR was defined by a negative Deauville score (DS) of 1-3. Already 3 months after starting MEPED, a CR (DS: 3) was confirmed by PET/CT in November 2022. The next follow-up in May 2023 continued to show CR (DS: 3). The therapy was very well tolerated. No hematological or other organ toxicity was observed. However, in May 2023 the patient presented with leg edema and weight gain, most likely due to pioglitazone and the PET/CT revealed suspected everolimus-induced pneumonitis, so MEPED was discontinued and diuretic therapy and treatment with prednisolone was started with gradual dose reduction. This resulted in a rapid complete resolution of the symptoms. The next PET-CT in July 2023 continued to show CR (DS: 3) without evidence of pneumonitis. Currently, therapy with MEPED has not been resumed. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that MEPED therapy is highly effective in a patient with Hodgkin's disease who has been refractory to ICPi. Sustained CR was achieved over 11 months after initiation of MEPED therapy. Further studies on a larger patient cohort should be performed.
PubMed: 38444946
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1334233 -
Cureus Jan 2024The outcome of recurrent/metastatic gynaecological malignancy has drastically improved with the introduction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and immunotherapy,...
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Metronomic Chemotherapy in Recurrent Refractory Advanced Gynaecological Cancer: An Experience From the Regional Cancer Centre of Eastern India.
INTRODUCTION
The outcome of recurrent/metastatic gynaecological malignancy has drastically improved with the introduction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and immunotherapy, but the use of these drugs in routine practice is complicated due to access barriers and their high cost in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to present the clinical response, outcome and safety of oral metronomic chemotherapy (OMCT) in resource-limited, financially constrained populations.
METHODS
This is a retrospective study on patients with advanced gynaecological cancer treated at Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India, from 2021 to 2023. The patients were treated with one of these two regimens: a split-dose course of cyclophosphamide (50 mg orally once daily for 21 days) and capecitabine (500 mg twice daily continuous) or a fixed-dose combination (capecitabine 1800 mg and cyclophosphamide 80 mg orally for 14 days in every 21 days) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities occurred. All data was captured from the hospital's medical records until June 2023. Toxicity data was reported per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.1, and progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods.
RESULTS
Among 34 screened patients, 10 were excluded due to noncompliance. This study analysed 24 patients with a median age at diagnosis of 56 years (IQ range 44-75). Sixteen (67%) patients were at stage IV disease with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 3. Ovarian and cervical cancers were 80% and 20%, respectively; among them, 16 (67%) patients were platinum-refractory. Forty-two per cent of patients received three lines of chemotherapy before OMCT. A split course versus fixed dose was given to 67% versus 33% of the population; the best responses per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours v1.1 were complete response in 12%, partial response in 67% and stable disease in 21%. The most common toxicities were grade I anaemia (54%), grade I chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (46%), grade I fatigue (42%) and grade I neutropenia (21%). Twenty-five per cent of patients were offered next-line systemic therapy after progression. The entire cohort had a median PFS of nine months (95%, CI: 5.2-12.7). Cox regression analysis identified a median PFS of 12 months (95%, CI: 6.2-17.7) among platinum-refractory groups.
CONCLUSION
OMCT was a well-tolerated, affordable regimen with durable clinical response and survival outcome (median PFS of nine months) in recurrent, refractory advanced gynaecological cancer and can be offered to patients at resource-limited centres.
PubMed: 38425585
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53232 -
Biomedicines Jan 2024A group of 27 patients diagnosed with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) was randomly distributed into two groups and underwent different lines of...
Differential Expression of NOTCH-1 and Its Molecular Targets in Response to Metronomic Followed by Conventional Therapy in a Patient with Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
A group of 27 patients diagnosed with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) was randomly distributed into two groups and underwent different lines of metronomic treatment (mCHT). The former group (N 14) received first-line mCHT and showed a higher overall survival rate than the second group (N 13), which underwent second-line mCHT. Analysis of one patient still alive from the first group, diagnosed with mTNBC in 2019, showed a complete metabolic response (CMR) after a composite approach implicating first-line mCHT followed by second-line epirubicin and third-line nab-paclitaxel, and was chosen for subsequent molecular characterization. We found altered expression in the cancer stemness-associated gene and its corresponding protein. Additionally, we found changes in the expression of oncogenes, such as and , along with their respective proteins. Overall, our data suggest that a first-line treatment with mCHT followed by MTD might be effective by negatively regulating stemness traits usually associated with the emergence of drug resistance.
PubMed: 38397874
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020272 -
British Journal of Cancer May 2024Glioblastoma represents a brain tumor with a notoriously poor prognosis. First-line therapy may include adjunctive Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) which are electric...
BACKGROUND
Glioblastoma represents a brain tumor with a notoriously poor prognosis. First-line therapy may include adjunctive Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) which are electric fields that are continuously delivered to the brain through non-invasive arrays. On a different note, CUSP9v3 represents a drug repurposing strategy that includes 9 repurposed drugs plus metronomic temozolomide. Here, we examined whether TTFields enhance the antineoplastic activity of CUSP9v3 against this disease.
METHODS
We performed preclinical testing of a multimodal approach of TTFields and CUSP9v3 in different glioblastoma models.
RESULTS
TTFields had predominantly synergistic inhibitory effects on the cell viability of glioblastoma cells and non-directed movement was significantly impaired when combined with CUSP9v3. TTFields plus CUSP9v3 significantly enhanced apoptosis, which was associated with a decreased mitochondrial outer membrane potential (MOMP), enhanced cleavage of effector caspase 3 and reduced expression of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Moreover, oxidative phosphorylation and expression of respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV was markedly reduced.
CONCLUSION
TTFields strongly enhance the CUSP9v3-mediated anti-glioblastoma activity. TTFields are currently widely used for the treatment of glioblastoma patients and CUSP9v3 was shown to have a favorable safety profile in a phase Ib/IIa trial (NCT02770378) which facilitates transition of this multimodal approach to the clinical setting.
Topics: Humans; Glioblastoma; Drug Repositioning; Metabolic Reprogramming; Temozolomide; Antineoplastic Agents; Brain Neoplasms; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy
PubMed: 38396172
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02608-8