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Cancer Epidemiology Dec 2023Only a few studies have reported on the association between hyperemesis gravidarum and the risk of childhood cancer. We examined possible associations in this...
OBJECTIVE
Only a few studies have reported on the association between hyperemesis gravidarum and the risk of childhood cancer. We examined possible associations in this population-based study in Denmark.
METHODS
Pediatric cancer cases (n = 6420) were ascertained from the Denmark Cancer Registry among children born between 1977 and 2013. Twenty-five controls were matched to each case by sex and birth date from the Central Person Registry (n = 160500). Mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum were ascertained from the National Patient Register. The risk of childhood cancer was estimated using conditional logistic regression. In a separate analysis, we examined pregnancy prescription of antinauseant medications, ascertained from the National Pharmaceutical Register, to determine associations with childhood cancers.
RESULTS
In Denmark, hyperemesis gravidarum was associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer [all types combined; Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 1.81; n = 73 exposed cases). Hyperemesis gravidarum was also associated with an increased risk of neuroblastoma (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.00, 6.36; n = 5 exposed cases), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 0.98, 2.72; n = 16 exposed cases), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 0.95, 6.08; n = 5 exposed cases). We observed no childhood cancer risk increase from antinauseant prescriptions (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.84, 1.30; n = 91 exposed cases).
CONCLUSION
Our results are suggestive of an association between hyperemesis gravidarum and the overall cancer risk in offspring, particularly for neuroblastoma. Mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum should be closely monitored and receive appropriate treatment during pregnancy.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Child; Case-Control Studies; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Mothers; Neuroblastoma; Denmark
PubMed: 37879293
DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102472 -
The International Journal of Eating... Jan 2024Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of excessive vomiting during pregnancy. The connection between psychiatric morbidity and HG has been debated, but only a few...
OBJECTIVE
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of excessive vomiting during pregnancy. The connection between psychiatric morbidity and HG has been debated, but only a few studies have focused on eating disorders (EDs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between HG and both pre-pregnancy and new post-pregnancy EDs.
METHODS
A register-based controlled study. HG diagnoses were retrieved from healthcare registers between 2005 and 2017. Women with HG in their first pregnancy resulting in delivery were chosen as cases (n = 4265; the HG group) and women with no HG as controls (n = 302,663; the non-HG group). The associations between EDs and HG were analyzed by binary logistic regression, adjusted with age, body mass index, smoking, socioeconomic status, and pre-pregnancy psychiatric diagnoses.
RESULTS
In the HG group, 1.6% and in the non-HG group, 0.2% had a pre-pregnancy ED. Women with ED were more likely to have HG in their first pregnancy compared with women with no history of EDs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 9.4, 95% CI 6.52-13.66, p < .0001). Moreover, 0.4% of the women in the HG group and 0.1% of the women in the non-HG group had a new ED diagnosis after pregnancy, and thus the women in the HG group were more likely to have an ED diagnosis after pregnancy (AOR I 3.5, 95% CI 1.71-7.15, p < .001, AOR II 2.7, 95% CI 1.30-5.69, p = .008).
DISCUSSION
We found a bidirectional association between ED and HG, suggesting a shared etiology or risk factors between these disorders. This finding emphasizes the importance of collaboration across various specialties when treating these patients.
PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE
Our findings suggest a bidirectional association between HG and EDs before and after pregnancy. This finding provides essential information for healthcare professionals working with pregnant women. As both of these disorders are known to have far-reaching effects on the lives of both the mother and her offspring, our results help clinicians to target special attention and interventions to the patients suffering from these disorders.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Pregnant Women; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Risk Factors; Mothers
PubMed: 37873998
DOI: 10.1002/eat.24082 -
Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and... Dec 2023The causality between vitamin D and hyperemesis gravidarum remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate the causal effect of vitamin D on hyperemesis gravidarum using the...
BACKGROUND
The causality between vitamin D and hyperemesis gravidarum remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate the causal effect of vitamin D on hyperemesis gravidarum using the two-sample Mendelian randomization method.
METHODS
Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels served as instrumental variables. The corresponding effect estimates for hyperemesis gravidarum were obtained from the Finngen Biobank. For Mendelian randomization analysis, inverse variance weighting was used as the primary method. We also used weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple mode, and weighted mode as complementary methods to inverse variance weighting. The MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis were performed to assess the horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and stability of the causal association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and hyperemesis gravidarum.
RESULTS
We found that an increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was associated with a lower risk of hyperemesis gravidarum [odds ratio (OR): 0.568, 95 % CI: 0.403-0.800, p = 0.001]. The result demonstrates the causal relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of hyperemesis gravidarum in the European population.
CONCLUSIONS
The large Mendelian randomization analysis suggests that vitamin D may be causally associated with risk of hyperemesis gravidarum.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Calcifediol
PubMed: 37866777
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102678 -
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and... 2023Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP), is a leading indication for hospitalization in the first trimester. NVP and HG are...
BACKGROUND
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP), is a leading indication for hospitalization in the first trimester. NVP and HG are associated with (HP) infection in non-United States cohorts. How HP exposure and NVP interact to affect metabolic disturbance and pregnancy outcomes is not known.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We designed a retrospective cohort study relating HP and NVP to serum electrolyte laboratory results, preterm delivery, and infant birth weight. Single academic institution discovery and independent multi-institutional validation cohorts included pregnant subjects with an HP test result. Associations of HP, NVP, and pregnancy outcomes were assessed with odds ratio calculations, Student's -tests, and multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Among subjects with positive HP test results, the prevalence of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) was 0.025 (66 of 2671) and NVP was 0.27 (710 of 2671). Subjects with negative HP had prevalence of HG 0.015 (165 of 10,960) and NVP 0.22 (2392 of 10,960). History of HP exposure increased risk of NVP, including HG (odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.4). Patients with HP exposure had lower serum potassium (mean difference 0.1 mEq/L) and bicarbonate (mean difference 0.3 mEq/L) during pregnancy than HP-negative patients ( < 0.01). Serum potassium was lowest in subjects with both NVP and HP exposure (mean 3.5 mEq/L [3.4-3.6], < 0.0001). HP exposure alone carried increased risk for preterm delivery (OR 1.3 [1.1-1.4]). NVP alone increased risk of preterm delivery (OR 2.8 [2.5-3.1]) including second trimester delivery (OR 2.2 [1.7-2.8]). In multivariate analysis, HP exposure in the setting of NVP further increased risk of preterm delivery (adjusted OR 1.4 [1.0-1.9], = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS
exposure and diagnosis of NVP are individually associated with metabolic disturbances and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm labor and delivery, and their combination further increases risk in US populations.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Nausea; Potassium; Premature Birth; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Multicenter Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37808245
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6612268 -
European Review For Medical and... Sep 2023Our study aims to determine the levels of systemic inflammation markers and the combined systemic inflammation indices in hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) patients and to...
OBJECTIVE
Our study aims to determine the levels of systemic inflammation markers and the combined systemic inflammation indices in hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) patients and to investigate the association between the severity of the disease.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study population consisted of 83 pregnant women with HG and 100 healthy pregnant women matched for gestational age as a control group. We grouped the HG patients according to the Modified Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis/Nausea (PUQE) scoring system as mild, moderate, and severe. We calculated the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), MPV-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR), RDW-to-platelet ratio (RPR), Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), and Aggregate Systemic Inflammation Index (AISI).
RESULTS
NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI levels were significantly higher in the HG group. These indices tended to increase as the severity of the disease increased. We found NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI indices as the independent risk factors for the presence and severity of HG. The SIRI index, which has the highest area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity values, was determined as the most powerful diagnostic tool in the diagnostic evaluation of the presence (AUC: 0.695; p < 0.001; sensitivity: 54%; specificity: 75%; cut-off: 3.14) and severity (AUC: 0.785; p < 0.001, sensitivity: 82%; specificity: 68%; cut-off: 2.74) of HG.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study results showed that combined systemic inflammatory indices (NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI) are associated and correlated with the presence and severity of HG. These indices are independent risk factors for the presence and severity of HG. Combined systemic inflammatory indices are diagnostic in determining the severity of HG. The SIRI index has the best diagnostic power for both the diagnosis of HG and the determination of the severity of HG.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Area Under Curve; Blood Platelets; Gestational Age; Inflammation
PubMed: 37782195
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202309_33807 -
Rinsho Shinkeigaku = Clinical Neurology Oct 2023A 25-year-old Japanese woman with a history of repeated episodes of rhabdomyolysis since the age of 12 presented with rhabdomyolysis caused by hyperemesis gravidarum....
A 25-year-old Japanese woman with a history of repeated episodes of rhabdomyolysis since the age of 12 presented with rhabdomyolysis caused by hyperemesis gravidarum. Blood tests showed an elevated serum CK level (11,755 IU/l; normal: 30-180 IU/l). Carnitine fractionation analysis revealed low levels of total carnitine (18.3 μmol/l; normal: 45-91 μmol/l), free carnitine (13.1 μmol/l; normal: 36-74 μmol/l), and acylcarnitine (5.2 μmol/l; normal: 6-23 μmol/l). Tandem mass spectrometry showed high levels of C14:1 acylcarnitine (0.84 nmol/ml: normal: <0.4 nmol/ml) and a high C14:1/C2 ratio of 0.253 (normal: <0.013), indicating a potential diagnosis of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency. Enzyme activity measurement in the patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes confirmed the diagnosis of VLCAD deficiency, with low palmitoyl-CoA dehydrogenase levels (6.5% of normal control value). With the patient's informed consent, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase very long-chain (ACADVL) gene analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations of c.1332G>A in exon 13 and c.1349G>A (p.R450H) in exon 14. In Japan, neonatal mass screening is performed to detect congenital metabolic diseases. With the introduction of tandem mass screening in 2014, fatty acid metabolism disorders, including VLCAD deficiency, are being detected before the onset of symptoms. However, it is important to note that mass screening cannot detect all cases of this disease. For patients with recurrent rhabdomyolysis, it is essential to consider congenital diseases, including fatty acid metabolism disorders, as a potential diagnosis.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Adult; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain; Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Rhabdomyolysis; Carnitine; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 37779023
DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001854 -
American Journal of Obstetrics &... Dec 2023Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, also referred to as morning sickness, affects more than 70% of all pregnancies. Symptoms range from mild to severe and, in some cases,...
BACKGROUND
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, also referred to as morning sickness, affects more than 70% of all pregnancies. Symptoms range from mild to severe and, in some cases, can be debilitating, resulting in a reduced quality of life. Moreover, prenatal cannabis use prevalence has doubled in the United States, and cannabis potency, measured by the concentration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiniol, has increased from 10% in 2009 to 14% in 2019. State-level recreational legalization of cannabis may contribute to the liberalization of its use and reduced risk perception. Furthermore, the relatively recent discovery of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome may contribute to the mischaracterization of morning sickness in individuals who use cannabis during pregnancy. Although cannabis has well-documented antiemetic properties, there is insufficient research on the topic. Therefore, it is essential to establish a tangible understanding of the association between nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and prenatal cannabis use.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to estimate the degree to which nausea and vomiting of pregnancy might be associated with prenatal cannabis use in a sample of pregnant people in Michigan, a state where recreational cannabis use became legal in December 2018.
STUDY DESIGN
This was a prospective study of participants from the Michigan Archive for Research on Child Health, a population-based pregnancy cohort that was recruited using a probability-based sampling approach. Participants were recruited from 22 prenatal clinics located throughout Michigan's lower peninsula. Cross-sectional analyses were performed for data available between October 2017 and January 2022.
RESULTS
Among this sample of Michigan pregnant people, 14% (95% confidence interval, 11%-16%) reported cannabis use. Participants who experienced increasing morning sickness severity had higher odds of using cannabis (adjust odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.2). When the sample was restricted to first-trimester morning sickness and cannabis use, the results remained statistically robust. When the direction of the association was reversed, an increase in morning sickness severity was detected among participants who used cannabis during pregnancy (ß, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.2). Lastly, the association between prepregnancy cannabis use and first-trimester morning sickness was investigated. Study findings suggest an increase in morning sickness severity among people who used cannabis in the 3 months before pregnancy compared with those who did not use cannabis (ß, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.200).
CONCLUSION
Study findings indicated a link between nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and prenatal cannabis use. Moreover, this study revealed that using cannabis in the 3 months before pregnancy is associated with first-trimester morning sickness severity. The strengths of our study contribute to the scant epidemiologic evidence in this area of research. More fine-grained, time-specific data on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and prenatal cannabis use are necessary to draw inferences about cause-effect relationships. Our study might provide a basis to discourage cannabis use during pregnancy until more evidence is collected.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Child; Humans; United States; Cannabis; Michigan; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Cross-Sectional Studies; Vomiting; Nausea; Morning Sickness
PubMed: 37778699
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101171 -
Interpersonal Influences on the Choice to Treat Nausea during Pregnancy with Medication or Cannabis.American Journal of Perinatology May 2024This study aimed to better understand the interpersonal influences on a pregnant individual's decision of how to treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy using a...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to better understand the interpersonal influences on a pregnant individual's decision of how to treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy using a qualitative approach.
STUDY DESIGN
A semistructured interview guide was developed to assess pregnancy symptoms, decision-making regarding treating nausea, and interpersonal influences on treatment decisions. Interviews were conducted with 17 individuals enrolled in a neuroimaging and behavioral study of prenatal exposure to cannabis who used medication and/or cannabis to treat symptoms associated with pregnancy.
RESULTS
Interviews revealed four groups of stakeholders who influenced participant decision-making: medical providers, partners, family, and friends. Influence was categorized as either positive, negative, neutral, or absent (if not discussed or participant chose not to disclose). Those in the medication group reported only positive or neutral feedback from friends, family, partners, and providers. In contrast, the cannabis group participants reported positive feedback from friends, mixed feedback from family and partners, and negative feedback from providers, which was often felt to be stigmatizing. Many in the cannabis group also reported varying feedback from different medical providers. While the cannabis group frequently reported eliciting feedback from friends, family, and partners, the medication group often did not.
CONCLUSION
Medication group participants reported entirely positive feedback from providers and often did not mention any feedback at all from partners, family, and friends. Cannabis group participants reported much more varied feedback, both positive and negative, from a variety of interpersonal contacts and sometimes decided to conceal their treatment choice after receiving or fearing negative feedback. We recommend further research into the health outcomes of pregnant patients who chose not to discuss their treatment decisions with providers, family, partners, or friends. We also suggest further study of possible reasons behind a lack of disclosure, including fear of stigma and/or legal consequences.
KEY POINTS
· Providers, partners, family, friends gave feedback.. · Medication group got positive feedback.. · Cannabis group stigmatized by providers.. · Cannabis group got mixed feedback..
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Adult; Qualitative Research; Nausea; Decision Making; Young Adult; Friends; Interpersonal Relations; Pregnancy Complications; Antiemetics; Medical Marijuana; Family; Interviews as Topic; Cannabis; Choice Behavior; Morning Sickness
PubMed: 37774747
DOI: 10.1055/a-2183-9013 -
Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance Oct 2023Consistent blood biomarkers of hypobaric (altitude) decompression stress remain elusive. Recent laboratory investigation of decompression sickness risk at 25,000 ft...
Consistent blood biomarkers of hypobaric (altitude) decompression stress remain elusive. Recent laboratory investigation of decompression sickness risk at 25,000 ft (7620 m) enabled evaluation of early pathophysiological responses to exertional decompression stress. In this study, 15 healthy men, aged 20-50 yr, undertook 2 consecutive (same-day) ascents to 25,000 ft (7620 m) for 60 and 90 min, breathing 100% oxygen, each following 1 h of prior denitrogenation. Venous blood was sampled at baseline (T0), immediately after the second ascent (T8), and next morning (T24). Analyses encompassed whole blood hematology, endothelial microparticles, and soluble markers of cytokine response, endothelial function, inflammation, coagulopathy, oxidative stress, and brain insult, plus cortisol and creatine kinase. Acute hematological effects on neutrophils (mean 72% increase), eosinophils (40% decrease), monocytes (37% increase), and platelets (7% increase) normalized by T24. Consistent elevation (mean five-fold) of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) at T8 was proinflammatory and associated with venous gas emboli (microbubble) load. Levels of C-reactive protein and complement peptide C5a were persistently elevated at T24, the former by 100% over baseline. Additionally, glial fibrillary acidic protein, a sensitive marker of traumatic brain injury, increased by a mean 10% at T24. This complex composite environmental stress, comprising the triad of hyperoxia, decompression, and moderate exertion at altitude, provoked pathophysiological changes consistent with an IL-6 cytokine-mediated inflammatory response. Multiple persistent biomarker disturbances at T24 imply incomplete recovery the day after exposure. The elevation of glial fibrillary acidic protein similarly implies incomplete resolution following recent neurological insult.
Topics: Male; Humans; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Interleukin-6; Eosinophils; Cytokines; Decompression
PubMed: 37726900
DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6247.2023 -
PloS One 2023To assess the prevalence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) in 1370 mountaineers at four different altitudes in the Western Alps. We also examined the influence of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) in 1370 mountaineers at four different altitudes in the Western Alps. We also examined the influence of potential risk factors and the knowledge about AMS on its prevalence.
METHODS
In this observational cross-sectional study AMS was assessed on the day of ascent by the Lake Louise score (LLS, cut-off ≥3, version 2018) and the AMS-Cerebral (AMS-C) score of the environmental symptom questionnaire (cut-off ≥0,70). The latter was also obtained in the next morning. Knowledge regarding AMS and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and the potential risk factors for AMS were evaluated by questionnaires.
RESULTS
On the day of ascent, the prevalence of AMS assessed by the LLS and AMS-C score was 5.8 and 3.9% at 2850 m, 2.1 and 3.1% at 3050 m, 14.8 and 10.1% at 3650 m, and 21.9 and 15% at 4559 m, respectively. The AMS prevalence increased overnight from 10.1 to 14.5% and from 15 to 25.2% at 3650 m and 4559 m, respectively, and was unchanged at 2850 m and 3050 m. A history of AMS, higher altitude, lower degree of pre-acclimatization, and younger age were identified as risk factors for developing AMS. Slow ascent was weakly associated with AMS prevalence, and sex and knowledge about AMS and HACE were indistinct.
CONCLUSION
AMS is common at altitudes ≥ 3650 m and better knowledge about AMS and HACE was not associated with less AMS in mountaineers with on average little knowledge.
Topics: Humans; Altitude Sickness; Prevalence; Acute Disease; Risk Factors; Altitude
PubMed: 37708123
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291060