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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: and . A novel herbal composite was developed using...
Herbal Composite Preparation and Investigating its Efficiency to Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of and - Formulation of Mouthwash Using a Herbal Composite and Evaluating its Anti-microbial Activity.
Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: and . A novel herbal composite was developed using the herbal extracts of and . During the study, the following observations were noted. The minimal inhibitory concentration of and composites (WBc) was obtained for the test concentration of 20 μg/ml (16 ± 0.57 mm and 15 ± 0.75 mm of inhibitory zones against and , respectively). Biofilm inhibition assay results revealed about 0.51 ± 1.25 mg/ml and 0.53 ± 0.57 mg/ml of minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) against and , respectively. The effect of WBc on lactic acid production showed that 200 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml concentrates reduced up to 80% and 70% in and , respectively. Formulated herbal mouthwash showed good stability under all three different test conditions (5°C, 25°C, and 40°C) as the color, odor, phase separation, and homogeneity were not changed for the period of 3 months. The anti-bacterial activity of formulated mouthwash (30 μg/ml) exhibited maximum inhibitory zones of about 18 ± 0.75 mm and 19 ± 1.05 mm against the respective test bacteria - and . Amplification of and genes showed 246 bp and 294 bp fragments of and 238 bp and 280 bp fragments of during agarose electrophoretic analysis. The docking report revealed -5.84 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found three hydrogen bonding between the quercetin and target protein, of . The target protein, of , and quercetin had -6.72 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found four hydrogen bonds between them. The developed composite could be optimized in future to develop a novel and biocompatible herbal mouthwash for the prevention of different dental caries and gingival inflammation associated with dental biofilm formation.
PubMed: 38882878
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_998_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024contains andrograpanin, which is both anti-inflammatory and anti-infective. comprises over 150-200 species from the family . exerts various properties, including...
contains andrograpanin, which is both anti-inflammatory and anti-infective. comprises over 150-200 species from the family . exerts various properties, including anti-inflammatory property. Herbal mouthwash was made using and extract. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using an albumin denaturation assay and egg albumin denaturation. The percentage of protein denaturation that is inhibited by the formulation of and indicates that it has strong anti-inflammatory effect. According to the findings, as concentration is raised, the formulation's anti-inflammatory activity rises. The formulation's percentage inhibition values are also equivalent to those of a typical anti-inflammatory medicine, indicating that it may be effective as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.
PubMed: 38882775
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_581_23 -
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Jun 2024The excessive and indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides has led to environmental pollution, wildlife destruction, and adverse effects on human health, while...
The excessive and indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides has led to environmental pollution, wildlife destruction, and adverse effects on human health, while simultaneously giving rise to resistance in insect pest populations. This adaptive trait is expressed through various mechanisms, such as changes in the cuticle, heightened activities of detoxifying enzymes, and alterations in the sites of action that reduce their affinity for insecticides. In this context, we associate variation in toxicological response with genomic variation, to identify genetic polymorphisms underlying the different steps of the insect (genotype)-response (phenotype)-insecticide (environment) interaction. Under this framework, our objective was to investigate the genetic factors involved in the toxicological response of D. melanogaster lines when exposed to citronellal and eucalyptol vapors (monoterpenes of plant origin). We quantified KT50 in adult males, representing the time necessary for half of the exposed individuals to be turned upside down (unable to walk or fly). Since the genomes of all lines used are completely sequenced, we perform a Genome Wide Association Study to analyze the genetic underpinnings of the toxicological response. Our investigation enabled the identification of 656 genetic polymorphisms and 316 candidate genes responsible for the overall phenotypic variation. Among these, 162 candidate genes (77.1%) exhibited specificity to citronellal, 45 (21.4%) were specific to eucalyptol, and 3 candidate genes (1.5%) namely CG34345, robo2, and Ac13E, were implicated in the variation for both monoterpenes. These suggest a widespread adaptability in the response to insecticides, encompassing genes influenced by monoterpenes and those orchestrating resistance to the toxicity of these compounds.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila melanogaster; Eucalyptol; Insecticides; Male; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Genome-Wide Association Study; Monoterpenes; Aldehydes; Insecticide Resistance
PubMed: 38879329
DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105938 -
Journal of Medical Imaging and... Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to determine patient perceptions of an advanced practice radiation therapist (APRT) prescribing medication for radiation therapy...
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to determine patient perceptions of an advanced practice radiation therapist (APRT) prescribing medication for radiation therapy treatment-related side effects. By comprehending patient perceptions, it is important to implement change in order to improve patients' quality of life.
METHODS
A literature review was conducted on advanced practice (AP) roles in Canada and world-wide; the roles searched were: APRT, nurse practitioner and pharmacist. The search focused on evidence demonstrating improvements made to patient care due to the implementation of these roles. Based on this review and input from a team of experts a qualitative semi-structured interview survey was designed, and pilot tested. The survey consisted of five open-ended questions, which were designed to determine patient satisfaction of an APRT prescribing medication over the course of their radiation therapy treatments. Patients undergoing head and neck radiation therapy treatments at a large, academic cancer centre were invited to participate. Six patients who had a head and neck APRT involved in their treatment were interviewed. A comprehensive thematic analysis was then conducted using the transcripts created from these interviews, which was followed by two independent blinded analyses to ensure validity of the results.
DISCUSSION
The thematic analysis produced four salient themes which were: side effect management, care provided by the APRT in comparison to other healthcare workers, patients' access to care, and overall patient satisfaction. Common medications for head and neck radiation therapy treatment related side effects were discussed and these were: Magic Mouthwash, Xylocaine, Nystatin, Benadryl, Advil, Tylenol, Dexamethasone, Tantum, Biotene, Mucaine, Flamazine, Hydrocortisone, Ondansetron, Senokot, and narcotics.
CONCLUSION
This study was valuable to understand patient experiences and provide evidence to change processes in order to improve quality of patient centered care. The study revealed that although patients were happy with the process of prescribing medication, they all agreed that having an advanced practice radiation therapist prescribe would improve care. Patient responses further demonstrated the need for future research in regards to side effect management as a whole by APRTs as well as how role clarification can impact patient perceptions of APRTs.
PubMed: 38878617
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2024.101443 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research Jun 2024Previous studies have shown that a calcium prerinse can increase intraoral fluoride retention from a fluoride rinse. To explore the potential of this approach to control...
INTRODUCTION
Previous studies have shown that a calcium prerinse can increase intraoral fluoride retention from a fluoride rinse. To explore the potential of this approach to control root caries, we assessed intraoral fluoride bioavailability after a calcium prerinse in older adults with normal to low salivary flow rates.
METHODS
In a 2-period crossover trial (NCT04239872), 20 participants (65-80 y old), with low or normal salivary flow rate, rinsed for 1 min with a 0.05% NaF mouth rinse (226 ppm F, F only) or with this rinse immediately after a 1-min rinse with 150 mM calcium lactate (Ca→F). Dental biofilm and saliva samples were collected before and up to 2 h after the rinse(s). Fluoride concentrations in saliva (whole and clarified) and dental biofilm (fluid and solid phases) were blindly determined. Data were statistically analyzed by a mixed-effects model for the effect of treatment, time, and their interaction ( = 5%).
RESULTS
The Ca→F group resulted in significantly higher fluoride concentrations in all variables analyzed, for almost all of the collection time points. The effect was greater in the biofilm solids and whole saliva (compatible with the formation of calcium fluoride deposits) and still significant ( < 0.001) after 2 h in the biofilm fluid and clarified saliva, suggesting that fluoride stored in insoluble particles was released, increasing free fluoride.
CONCLUSION
The use of a calcium prerinse before a fluoride rinse was able to prolong intraoral fluoride bioavailability in older adults.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
A calcium prerinse increased intraoral fluoride bioavailability in older individuals. This approach could be used to improve root caries control without the need to increase the fluoride concentration in dental products.
PubMed: 38877716
DOI: 10.1177/23800844241252816 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Chlorhexidine mouthwash is a common oral hygiene product used in intensive care units, but it may have some adverse effects. Licorice, a natural herb, could be a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Chlorhexidine mouthwash is a common oral hygiene product used in intensive care units, but it may have some adverse effects. Licorice, a natural herb, could be a potential alternative to chlorhexidine. However, the effect of licorice mouthwash on the oral health of intubated patients has not been studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of licorice and chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral health of intubated patients.
METHODS
This was a triple-blind clinical trial. The sample included 130 intubated patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Iran. The samples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: A and B. In group A, the main researcher applied 15 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash after each brushing (twice a day for 5.5 days) and suctioned it after 30 s. In group B, 20% licorice mouthwash was used instead of chlorhexidine. The demographic information questionnaire and the Beck Oral Assessment Scale (BOAS) were completed by one of the nurses before and on the sixth day of the study.
RESULTS
Finally, 60 patients in each group completed the study. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic variables or oral health before the intervention (P > 0.05). The oral health of patients in both the chlorhexidine and liquorice mouthwash groups improved significantly after the intervention (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in oral health between the two groups at postintervention (P = 0.06).
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrated that both mouthwashes exerted a comparable effect on dental and oral health. However, the chlorhexidine mouthwash showed a greater impact on the reduction of dental plaque and the thinning of saliva compared to licorice mouthwash. In essential cases, licorice mouthwash can be employed as an alternative to chlorhexidine.
Topics: Humans; Chlorhexidine; Mouthwashes; Glycyrrhiza; Female; Male; Intensive Care Units; Middle Aged; Oral Health; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Intubation, Intratracheal; Iran; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 38867216
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04456-7 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2024The prevalence of gingivitis is substantial within the general population, necessitating rigorous oral hygiene maintenance.
UNLABELLED
The prevalence of gingivitis is substantial within the general population, necessitating rigorous oral hygiene maintenance.
OBJECTIVE
This study assessed a Garcinia indica (GI) fruit extract-based mouthrinse, comparing it to a 0.1% turmeric mouthrinse and a 0.2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse. The evaluation encompassed substantivity, staining potential, antimicrobial efficacy and cytocompatibility.
METHODOLOGY
The study employed 182 tooth sections. For antimicrobial analysis, 64 extracted human teeth coated with a polymicrobial biofilm were divided into four groups, each receiving an experimental mouthrinse or serving as a control group with distilled water. Microbial reduction was assessed through colony forming units (CFU). Substantivity was evaluated on 54 human tooth sections using a UV spectrophotometer, while staining potential was examined on 64 tooth sections. Cytocompatibility was tested using colorimetric assay to determine non-toxic levels of 0.2% GI fruit extract, 0.1% Turmeric, and 0.2% CHX.
RESULTS
Data were analysed with one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Cell viability was highly significant (p<0.001) in the 0.2% GI group (64.1±0.29) compared to 0.1% Turmeric (40.2±0.34) and 0.2% CHX (10.95±1.40). For antimicrobial activity, both 0.2% GI (20.18±4.81) and 0.2% CHX (28.22±5.41) exhibited no significant difference (P>0.05) at end of 12 hours. However, 0.1% Turmeric showed minimal CFU reduction (P<0.001). Substantivity results at 360 minutes indicated statistically significant higher mean release rate in 0.1%Turmeric (12.47±5.84 ) when compared to 0.2% GI (5.02±3.04) and 0.2% CHX (4.13±2.25) (p<0.001). The overall discoloration changes (∆E) were more prominent in the 0.2% CHX group (18.65±8.3) compared to 0.2% GI (7.61±2.4) and 0.1% Turmeric (7.32±4.9) (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION
This study supports 0.2% GI and 0.1% Turmeric mouth rinses as potential natural alternatives to chemical mouth rinses. These findings highlight viability of these natural supplements in oral healthcare.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Humans; Mouthwashes; Chlorhexidine; Garcinia; Curcuma; Biofilms; Oral Hygiene; Fruit; Analysis of Variance; Colony Count, Microbial; Reproducibility of Results; Cell Survival; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Colorimetry; Materials Testing; Time Factors
PubMed: 38865512
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0291 -
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry Jun 2024To evaluate the efficacy of the adjunctive use of tea tree oil (TTO) for dental plaque control and nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The Effect of Local Application of Tea Tree Oil Adjunctive to Daily Oral Maintenance and Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Studies.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy of the adjunctive use of tea tree oil (TTO) for dental plaque control and nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three electronic databases were searched from 2003. The reference lists of the included articles and relevant reviews were also manually searched. Randomised controlled trials reporting the clinical outcomes of the topical use of TTO as an adjunct to daily oral hygiene or scaling and root planing (SRP) were included. Regarding the use of TTO as an adjunctive to daily oral hygiene, the primary outcome was plaque index (PI) reduction. Regarding the use of TTO as an adjunctive to SRP, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain were the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes were adverse events.
RESULTS
Eleven studies were included for qualitative analysis, 9 studies were included for quantitative analysis, and 6 studies were included to examine the application of TTO mouthwash as an adjunctive to daily oral hygiene. In addition, three studies were included to analyse the subgingival use of TTO adjunctive to SRP at selected sites. The results indicated a nonsignificant improvement in PI reduction in the TTO mouthwash group compared with placebo. The incidence of adverse events was statistically significantly greater in the CHX group than in the TTO group. For subgingival use of TTO adjunctive to SRP, beneficial effects were observed in the TTO group compared with SRP alone in terms of PPD and CAL at both three and six months post-treatment. However, an unpleasant taste was reported in three out of four studies.
CONCLUSION
There is a lack of strong evidence to support the beneficial effects of TTO. Studies with larger sample sizes and standardised evaluation criteria are needed to further demonstrate the clinical relevance of TTO.
Topics: Humans; Tea Tree Oil; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Dental Scaling; Mouthwashes; Dental Plaque; Oral Hygiene; Root Planing; Dental Plaque Index; Combined Modality Therapy; Treatment Outcome; Phytotherapy; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38864380
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5458585 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The human oral microbiome may alter oral and systemic disease risk. Consuming high sugar content beverages (HSB) can lead to caries development by altering the microbial...
The human oral microbiome may alter oral and systemic disease risk. Consuming high sugar content beverages (HSB) can lead to caries development by altering the microbial composition in dental plaque, but little is known regarding HSB-specific oral microbial alterations. Therefore, we conducted a large, population-based study to examine associations of HSB intake with oral microbiome diversity and composition. Using mouthwash samples of 989 individuals in two nationwide U.S. cohorts, bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified, sequenced, and assigned to bacterial taxa. HSB intake was quantified from food frequency questionnaires as low (< 1 serving/week), medium (1-3 servings/week), or high (> 3 servings/week). We assessed overall bacterial diversity and presence of specific taxa with respect to HSB intake in each cohort separately and combined in a meta-analysis. Consistently in the two cohorts, we found lower species richness in high HSB consumers (> 3 cans/week) (p = 0.027), and that overall bacterial community profiles differed from those of non-consumers (PERMANOVA p = 0.040). Specifically, presence of a network of commensal bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Alloprevotella rava) was less common in high compared to non-consumers, as were other species including Campylobacter showae, Prevotella oulorum, and Mycoplasma faucium. Presence of acidogenic bacteria Bifodobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus was more common in high consumers. Abundance of Fusobacteriales and its genus Leptotrichia, Lachnoanaerobaculum sp., and Campylobacter were lower with higher HSB consumption, and their abundances were correlated. No significant interaction was found for these associations with diabetic status or with microbial markers for caries (S. mutans) and periodontitis (P. gingivalis). Our results suggest that soft drink intake may alter the salivary microbiota, with consistent results across two independent cohorts. The observed perturbations of overrepresented acidogenic bacteria and underrepresented commensal bacteria in high HSB consumers may have implications for oral and systemic disease risk.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Female; Saliva; Male; Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Middle Aged; Bacteria; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
PubMed: 38862651
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64324-w -
Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal Jun 2024To explore the association between hygiene knowledge and habits and gingivitis in Puerto Rican school children.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the association between hygiene knowledge and habits and gingivitis in Puerto Rican school children.
METHODS
Questionnaires on oral health knowledge and hygiene habits were provided to almost half of the 12-year-olds who participated in an island-wide cross-sectional oral health study. The evaluations included gingival examinations in 2 quadrants. Odds ratios (ORs) (with 95% CIs) were computed using logistic regression models and oral health-related knowledge and hygiene habits to gingivitis.
RESULTS
Of the 823 participants who completed the questionnaire 53.43% were female, and 81% had gingivitis. Most reported having received instructions on brushing (98%), flossing (89.5%), and using mouthwash (90%). The majority (75%) rated their gums as healthy, and 44.68% agreed that oral health affects general health. Nearly half (44%) reported brushing their teeth at least 2 times a day, and 80.25%, flossing daily. In multivariate analysis, not having been instructed on how to brush was related to greater odds of having gingivitis (OR: 7.32; 95% CI: 1.5-35.67). Flossing more than once a day was associated with half the odds of gingivitis (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29-0.88).
CONCLUSION
The children had knowledge of oral hygiene methods but were mostly unaware that gingival health could affect systemic health. Fewer than half reported brushing 2 or more times a day. Not having been instructed on how to brush was associated with higher odds of gingivitis.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Child; Male; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Oral Hygiene; Gingivitis; Oral Health; Surveys and Questionnaires; Hispanic or Latino; Puerto Rico; Toothbrushing; Logistic Models
PubMed: 38860958
DOI: No ID Found