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Heliyon May 2024Oral streptococci are the major group of bacteria in the oral cavity. Some of their species cause oral diseases that may lead to tooth loss and quality-of-life...
Oral streptococci are the major group of bacteria in the oral cavity. Some of their species cause oral diseases that may lead to tooth loss and quality-of-life reduction, such as dental caries. One of prevention techniques to promote oral health is rinsing mouthwash after toothbrushing. This study aimed to determine the potential uses of local food, also remedy, plant in Thailand called Reaw-Horm or for alternative herbal mouthwash. The essential oil from rhizome (Eo) is used for anti-streptococci including and and anti-biofilm activities. The main components of Eo are methyl chavicol (MC) and -anethole (TA). The disk diffusion method showed the inhibition zone of Eo in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eo and TA was >1.6 % v/v, and 0.4 % v/v of MC. Regarding anti-biofilm activities, MC showed nearly equal anti-biofilm formation of and , whereas Eo and TA acted toward more than biofilm. Sub-MIC killing effects on cells under biofilm were observed in Eo and MC. Therefore, MC was recommended as an active compound for anti-streptococci activities. Biocompatibility of Eo and MC were shown to be safe for epidermal cell lines. Herbal mouthwashes containing Eo were developed and had antioxidant and antimicrobial actions with established for 3 months. This study provides support on the use of herbal mouthwash with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for dental caries prevention and well-being of individuals.
PubMed: 38779027
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31136 -
PloS One 2024Saliva substitutes with enhanced dentin remineralization properties were expected to help manage caries progression in patients with xerostomia. This in vitro study...
Saliva substitutes with enhanced dentin remineralization properties were expected to help manage caries progression in patients with xerostomia. This in vitro study examined the rheological properties and remineralization action of experimental saliva substitutes containing propolis extract and aloe vera extract on demineralized dentin. Four experimental saliva substitutes were formulated with varying concentrations of propolis extract (P) and aloe vera extract (A) were prepared. A commercial saliva substitute (Biotene Oral Rinse) was used as a commercial comparison. The rheological properties and viscosity of these materials were measured using a strain-controlled rheometer (n = 3). The remineralizing actions of saliva substitutes on demineralized dentin after 2 weeks were determined using ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDX (n = 8). The results were expressed as a percentage increase in the mineral-to-matrix ratio. Biotene demonstrated a significantly higher viscosity (13.5 mPa·s) than experimental saliva substitutes (p<0.05). The addition of extracts increased the viscosity of the saliva substitutes from 4.7 mPa·s to 5.2 mPa·s. All formulations showed minimal shear thinning behavior, which was the viscoelastic properties of natural saliva. The formulation containing 5 wt% of propolis exhibited the highest increase in the median mineral-to-matrix ratio (25.48%). The SEM-EDX analysis revealed substantial mineral precipitation in demineralized dentin, especially in formulations with 5 wt% or 2.5 wt% of propolis. The effect of the aloe vera extract was minimal. The addition of propolis and aloe vera extracts increased the viscosity of saliva substitutes. the addition of propolis for 2.5 or 5 wt% to saliva substitutes increased mineral apatite precipitation and tubule occlusion. To conclude, the saliva substitute containing propolis extract demonstrated superior remineralizing actions compared with those containing only aloe vera extract.
Topics: Propolis; Aloe; Plant Extracts; Rheology; Saliva, Artificial; Dentin; Humans; Viscosity; Tooth Remineralization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38776324
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304156 -
Biosensors & Bioelectronics Sep 2024Periodontitis, a chronic disease, can result in irreversible tooth loss and diminished quality of life, highlighting the significance of timely periodontitis monitoring...
Periodontitis, a chronic disease, can result in irreversible tooth loss and diminished quality of life, highlighting the significance of timely periodontitis monitoring and treatment. Meanwhile, hydrogen sulfide (HS) in saliva, produced by pathogenic bacteria of periodontitis, is an important marker for periodontitis monitoring. However, the easy volatility and chemical instability of the molecule pose challenges to oral HS sensing. Here, we report a wearable hydrogel-based radio frequency (RF) sensor capable of in situ HS detection and antibacterial treatment. The RF sensor comprises an agarose hydrogel containing conjugated silver nanoparticles-chlorhexidine (AG-AgNPs-CHL hydrogel) integrated with split-ring resonators. Adhered to a tooth, the hydrogel-based RF sensor enables wireless transmission of sensing signals to a mobile terminal and a concurrent release of the broad-spectrum antibacterial agent chlorhexidine without complex circuits. With the selective binding of the AgNPs to the sulfidion, the RF sensor demonstrates good sensitivity, a wide detection range (2-30 μM), and a low limit of detection (1.2 μM). Compared with standard HS measurement, the wireless HS sensor can distinguish periodontitis patients from healthy individuals in saliva sample tests. The hydrogel-based wearable sensor will benefit patients with periodontitis by detecting disease-related biomarkers for practical oral health management.
Topics: Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Periodontitis; Silver; Biosensing Techniques; Hydrogels; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Radio Waves; Saliva; Metal Nanoparticles; Chlorhexidine; Wearable Electronic Devices; Limit of Detection
PubMed: 38772248
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116404 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jul 2024has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of ,...
UNLABELLED
has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of , hampers the adherence and survival of through multiple tactics. Matcha extract (ME) inhibited the growth not only of but also of s and , while it did not inhibit growth of nine species of oral streptococci and . ME-mediated growth inhibition was characterized by both morphological and physiological changes at the bacterial envelope, which were accompanied by nano-particle formation and decreased membrane fluidity/permeability without loss of membrane integrity. ME also triggered autoaggregation of in a major fimbriae (FimA)-dependent manner. In addition, adherence of was dramatically inhibited by ME, irrespective of fimbriae. Furthermore, a structure-activity relationship study tested a series of catechins isolated from ME and identified the pyrogallol-type B-ring of catechins as essential for growth inhibition. In a clinical study to assess the microbiological and therapeutic effects of matcha mouthwash in patients with periodontitis, the number in saliva was significantly reduced by matcha mouthwash compared to the pre-intervention level. A tendency toward improvement in probing pocket depth was observed in the matcha group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Taken together, we present a proof of concept, based on the multimodal inhibitory effect of matcha against , and that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
IMPORTANCE
Periodontitis, a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, results in alveolar bone destruction, and is a major cause of tooth loss of humans. In addition, emerging evidence has demonstrated associations between periodontitis and a wide range of other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, cardiovascular disease, aspiration pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, cognitive disorder, and cancer. In the present study, we report that matcha, a product of , hampers , a major periodontal pathobiont, in not only a series of experiments but also a pilot intervention clinical trial of patients with periodontitis, in which matcha mouthwash statistically significantly reduced the number in saliva, as compared to the pre-intervention level. Taken together, we suggest that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Humans; Periodontitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Plant Extracts; Catechin; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Adult; Prevotella nigrescens; Female; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Male; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
PubMed: 38771061
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03426-23 -
BDJ Open May 2024Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) is the most common type of bad breath; its consequences impair quality of life. However, evidence-based treatment protocols and guidelines are...
Hyperpure chlorine dioxide versus chlorhexidine in intra-oral halitosis (ODOR trial) - protocol of a double-blinded, double-arm, parallel non-inferiority pilot randomized controlled trial.
INTRODUCTION
Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) is the most common type of bad breath; its consequences impair quality of life. However, evidence-based treatment protocols and guidelines are lacking. Our aim is to investigate the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide as an applicable complementary treatment modality in IOH after tongue cleaning.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
The ODOR trial will be a single-center, double-blinded, parallel-group, double-armed pilot randomized controlled trial with a non-inferiority design. The efficacy of hyperpure chlorine dioxide will be compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash. We plan to investigate the short-term effects of the intervention over a 3-h period. The primary endpoint will be changes in organoleptic test scores. At the end of the pilot investigation of the first 30 patients each, sample size calculation will be performed. If feasible, the investigators will continue the study by enrolling more patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06219226).
PubMed: 38769314
DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00221-8 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance May 2024The risk factors for oropharyngeal gonorrhea have not been examined in sex workers despite the increasing prevalence of gonorrhea infection.
BACKGROUND
The risk factors for oropharyngeal gonorrhea have not been examined in sex workers despite the increasing prevalence of gonorrhea infection.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to determine the risk factors for oropharyngeal gonorrhea in female and gender-diverse sex workers (including cisgender and transgender women, nonbinary and gender fluid sex workers, and those with a different identity) and examine kissing, oral sex, and mouthwash practices with clients.
METHODS
This mixed methods case-control study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 at 2 sexual health clinics in Melbourne, Victoria, and Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. We recruited 83 sex workers diagnosed with oropharyngeal gonorrhea (cases) and 581 sex workers without (controls). Semistructured interviews with 19 sex workers from Melbourne were conducted.
RESULTS
In the case-control study, the median age of 664 sex workers was 30 (IQR 25-36) years. Almost 30% of sex workers (192/664, 28.9%) reported performing condomless fellatio on clients. Performing condomless fellatio with clients was the only behavior associated with oropharyngeal gonorrhea (adjusted odds ratio 3.6, 95% CI 1.7-7.6; P=.001). Most participants (521/664, 78.5%) used mouthwash frequently. In the qualitative study, almost all sex workers reported kissing clients due to demand and generally reported following clients' lead with regard to kissing style and duration. However, they used condoms for fellatio because they considered it a risky practice for contracting sexually transmitted infections, unlike cunnilingus without a dental dam.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows that condomless fellatio is a risk factor for oropharyngeal gonorrhea among sex workers despite most sex workers using condoms with their clients for fellatio. Novel interventions, particularly targeting the oropharynx, will be required for oropharyngeal gonorrhea prevention.
Topics: Humans; Gonorrhea; Sex Workers; Risk Factors; Female; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Male; New South Wales; Victoria; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Sexual Health; Australia; Oropharynx; Sexual Behavior; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 38767954
DOI: 10.2196/46845 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutical... Aug 2024The prevalence of xerostomia, the sensation of dry mouth, is estimated at 20 % in the general population and up to 50 % in older adults. Saliva plays different roles...
The prevalence of xerostomia, the sensation of dry mouth, is estimated at 20 % in the general population and up to 50 % in older adults. Saliva plays different roles during bolus formation: lubrication, mixing, coating, hydration, dissolution, and comminution of food particles. This study proposes and tests artificial saliva formulations mimicking human saliva rheological and sensory perceptions. Shear and extensional rheology were assessed to select the type of formulation closest to saliva rheological characteristics. After evaluating three alternative sources, an extract simulating saliva rheology was produced from flax seeds. Friction coefficient and rheological properties, such as flow curves, relaxation times, and Trouton ratios, were compared favorably with human saliva. The sensory evaluation demonstrated that flaxseed extracts induce perceived mouth hydration, slipperiness, and adhesion exceeding that of human saliva. The flaxseed extract proposed in this can i) be used to study in vitro food oral processing and ii) pave the way to novel natural salivary substitutes to alleviate the symptoms of xerostomia.
Topics: Rheology; Humans; Saliva; Flax; Saliva, Artificial; Plant Extracts; Female; Adult; Male; Xerostomia; Seeds; Young Adult
PubMed: 38763449
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106802 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Vinyl polyether silicone (VPES) is a novel impression biomaterial made of a combination of vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) and polyether (PE). Thus, it is significant to assess...
BACKGROUND
Vinyl polyether silicone (VPES) is a novel impression biomaterial made of a combination of vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) and polyether (PE). Thus, it is significant to assess its properties and behaviour under varied disinfectant test conditions. This study aimed to assess the dimensional stability of novel VPES impression material after immersion in standard disinfectants for different time intervals.
METHODS
Elastomeric impression material used -medium body regular set (Monophase) [Exa'lence GC America]. A total of 84 Specimens were fabricated using stainless steel die and ring (ADA specification 19). These samples were distributed into a control group (n=12) and a test group (n=72). The test group was divided into 3 groups, based on the type of disinfectant used - Group-A- 2% Glutaraldehyde, Group-B- 0. 5% Sodium hypochlorite and Group-C- 2% Chlorhexidine each test group was further divided into 2 subgroups (n=12/subgroup) based on time intervals for which each sample was immersed in the disinfectants - subgroup-1- 10 mins and Subgroup 2- 30 mins. After the impression material was set, it was removed from the ring and then it was washed in water for 15 seconds. Control group measurements were made immediately on a stereomicroscope and other samples were immersed in the three disinfection solutions for 10 mins and 30 mins to check the dimensional stability by measuring the distance between the lines generated by the stainless steel die on the samples using a stereomicroscope at x40 magnification.
RESULTS
The distance measured in the control group was 4397.2078 µm and 4396.1571 µm; for the test group Group-A- 2% Glutaraldehyde was 4396.4075 µm and 4394.5992 µm; Group-B- 0. 5% Sodium hypochlorite was 4394.5453 µm and 4389.4711 µm Group-C- 2% Chlorhexidine was 4395.2953 µm and 4387.1703 µm respectively for 10 mins and 30 mins. Percentage dimensional change was in the range of 0.02 - 0.25 for all the groups for 10 mins and 30 mins.
CONCLUSIONS
2 % Glutaraldehyde is the most suitable disinfectant for VPES elastomeric impression material in terms of dimensional stability and shows minimum dimensional changes as compared to that of 2% Chlorhexidine and 0.5% Sodium hypochlorite.
Topics: Dental Impression Materials; Polyvinyls; Siloxanes; Materials Testing; Time Factors; Glutaral; Dental Disinfectants; Sodium Hypochlorite; Disinfectants; Chlorhexidine; Surface Properties; Humans
PubMed: 38762747
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04323-5 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024The rich diversity of microorganisms in the oral cavity plays an important role in the maintenance of oral health and development of detrimental oral health conditions.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The rich diversity of microorganisms in the oral cavity plays an important role in the maintenance of oral health and development of detrimental oral health conditions. Beyond commonly used qualitative microbiome metrics, such as relative proportions or diversity, both the species-level identification and quantification of bacteria are key to understanding clinical disease associations. This study reports the first-time application of an absolute quantitative microbiome analysis using spiked DNA standards and shotgun metagenome sequencing to assess the efficacy and safety of product intervention on dental plaque microbiome.
METHODS
In this parallel-group, randomized clinical trial, essential oil mouthrinses, including LISTERINE® Cool Mint Antiseptic (LCM), an alcohol-containing prototype mouthrinse (ACPM), and an alcohol-free prototype mouthrinse (AFPM), were compared against a hydroalcohol control rinse on clinical parameters and the oral microbiome of subjects with moderate gingivitis. To enable a sensitive and clinically meaningful measure of bacterial abundances, species were categorized according to their associations with oral conditions based on published literature and quantified using known amounts of spiked DNA standards.
RESULTS
Multivariate analysis showed that both LCM and ACPM shifted the dysbiotic microbiome composition of subjects with gingivitis to a healthier state after 4 weeks of twice-daily use, resembling the composition of subjects with clinically healthy oral conditions recruited for observational reference comparison at baseline. The essential oil-containing mouthrinses evaluated in this study showed statistically significant reductions in clinical gingivitis and plaque measurements when compared to the hydroalcohol control rinse after 6 weeks of use.
CONCLUSIONS
By establishing a novel quantitative method for microbiome analysis, this study sheds light on the mechanisms of LCM mouthrinse efficacy on oral microbial ecology, demonstrating that repeated usage non-selectively resets a gingivitis-like oral microbiome toward that of a healthy oral cavity.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 10/06/2021. The registration number is NCT04921371.
Topics: Humans; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Dental Plaque; Microbiota; Adult; Gingivitis; Male; Female; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Salicylates; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Drug Combinations; Terpenes
PubMed: 38762482
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04365-9 -
Journal of Dentistry Jul 2024To evaluate satisfaction and acceptability with three pre-procedural mouthrinses recommended by the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) during... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate satisfaction and acceptability with three pre-procedural mouthrinses recommended by the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A triple-blind parallel-arm randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted. Following eligibility assessment, participants were block-randomised to the three intervention pre-procedural mouthrinses groups: Povidone-iodine, Hydrogen Peroxide and Chlorhexidine Digluconate. Participants rinsed with one of the mouthrinses assigned prior to any dental treatment. Participants, operators and assessors were blind to the assigned mouthrinses (triple blind). Satisfaction ratings were assessed on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) and acceptability of the mouthrinses were determined.
RESULTS
Following clinical screening, 228 participants were involved in the trial. The mean overall VAS satisfaction was 7.35 (SD 1.68). There was no significant difference in VAS satisfaction ratings among the three groups (p>0.05) nor in between groups. Acceptability of the mouthrinses was high with the vast majority (89.5 %, 204) willing to use the mouthrinses again if pre-procedural mouthrinsing is required. There was no significant difference in acceptability ratings (p>0.05). There were some aspects such as taste and smell that participants commented on (on average, 24.6 %, 56), although no significant difference in prevalence of reports among groups (p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
There were high rates of satisfaction and acceptability of the HKSAR Government recommended pre-procedural mouthrinses for the mitigation of COVID-19 transmission in the dental setting. There was no significant difference in satisfaction and acceptability rates among the three recommended pre-procedural mouthrinses.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The high satisfaction and acceptability rates of the HKSAR Government recommended pre-procedural mouthrinses in the mitigation of COVID-19 in this clinical trial lends support for the HKSAR's policy on pre-procedural mouthrinses in the dental setting and this has implications for practice and policy during pandemics.
Topics: Humans; Mouthwashes; COVID-19; Hong Kong; Chlorhexidine; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; SARS-CoV-2; Povidone-Iodine; Patient Satisfaction; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Hydrogen Peroxide; Pandemics; Young Adult; Aged
PubMed: 38762080
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105082