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Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Jun 2024Alopecia is a common side-effect of chemotherapy and can be extremely distressing to patients. Scalp cooling can be used to reduce hair loss, but the optimal duration of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
Alopecia is a common side-effect of chemotherapy and can be extremely distressing to patients. Scalp cooling can be used to reduce hair loss, but the optimal duration of cooling remains unclear. Our aim was to determine whether increasing the duration of scalp cooling improves hair preservation.
METHODS
Patients with HER2-negative, non-metastatic, breast cancer received scalp cooling during adjuvant chemotherapy: three cycles of epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (EC) followed by three cycles of paclitaxel. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (n=18) wore a Paxman cooling cap during each infusion and for 30 min post-infusion while Group B (n=19) wore the cap from 30 min before to 2 h after each infusion. All patients were asked to complete a questionnaire recording hair loss/regrowth, adverse events, and quality of life. Success of treatment was defined as <50% hair loss.
RESULTS
The success rates after each of the three cycles did not differ significantly between the two groups (EC: Group A: 40%, Group B: 44%; paclitaxel: Group A: 50%, Group B: 36%; p>0.05). Hair regrowth was significantly higher in Group B at the 8-week follow-up, but not at the 6-month follow-up. Head discomfort affected more patients in Group B than in Group A during the first session (94% vs. 62%, respectively; p=0.039).
CONCLUSION
Long duration scalp cooling during chemotherapy might increase patients' discomfort and does not appear to improve hair preservation.
Topics: Humans; Alopecia; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Pilot Projects; Middle Aged; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cyclophosphamide; Paclitaxel; Adult; Scalp; Epirubicin; Quality of Life; Hypothermia, Induced; Time Factors; Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38839667
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08579-z -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2024This study investigates the chronic impact of two of the most widely consumed antineoplastic drugs, Ifosfamide (IF) and Cisplatin (CDDP), on the bivalve species Mytilus...
This study investigates the chronic impact of two of the most widely consumed antineoplastic drugs, Ifosfamide (IF) and Cisplatin (CDDP), on the bivalve species Mytilus galloprovincialis under current (17 °C) and predicted warming conditions (21 °C). Accompanying the expected increase in worldwide cancer incidence, antineoplastics detection in the aquatic environment is also expected to rise. Mussels were exposed to varying concentrations of IF (10, 100, 500 ng/L) and CDDP (10, 100, 1000 ng/L) for 28 days. Biochemical analyses focused on metabolic, antioxidant and biotransformation capacities, cellular damage, and neurotoxicity. Results showed temperature-dependent variations in biochemical responses. Metabolic capacity remained stable in mussels exposed to IF, while CDDP exposure increased it at 1000 ng/L for both temperatures. Antioxidant enzyme activities were unaffected by IF, but CDDP activated them, particularly at 21 °C. Biotransformation capacity was unchanged by IF but enhanced by CDDP. Nevertheless, cellular damage occurred at CDDP concentrations above 100 ng/L, regardless of temperature. Integrated biomarker responses highlighted CDDP's greater impact, emphasizing the critical role of temperature in shaping organismal responses and underscoring the complexity of environmental stressor interactions.
Topics: Animals; Cisplatin; Mytilus; Ifosfamide; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Antineoplastic Agents; Temperature
PubMed: 38839013
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173668 -
Natural Product Research Jun 2024infections are widespread in people and cause cutaneous and systemic infections. Optimisation of garlic mustard oil macerate (GMM) based on antifungal activity against...
Optimisation of garlic mustard oil macerate with respect to its antifungal activity against MTCC 183 and molecular docking of the volatile compounds with N-myristoyltransferase.
infections are widespread in people and cause cutaneous and systemic infections. Optimisation of garlic mustard oil macerate (GMM) based on antifungal activity against was done using agar diffusion method. Upon vapour diffusion assay, the volatile organic compounds of both GMM and MO were found to eradicate . During agar diffusion, MO did not inhibit fungal growth, while undiluted GMM oil demonstrated a 26.33 ± 0.33 mm zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration against were 12.5%, v/v of GMM oil and 25%, v/v of GMM oil, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed cell membrane disintegration of fungal cells by 50%, v/v of GMM oil, and MO caused no cell wall damage. analysis revealed strong binding affinity of sinigrin, ajoene, dithiin with N-myristoyltransferase. In conclusion, the optimised GMM preparation can be a potential antifungal agent against tropical infections.
PubMed: 38829315
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2360689 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2024Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) accounts for 3-10% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). We identified 14 patients with mantle cell lymphoma, with an average number of 3.5 new...
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) accounts for 3-10% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). We identified 14 patients with mantle cell lymphoma, with an average number of 3.5 new cases/year. A male predominance was observed with a sex ratio equal to 6. The average age of our patients was 64.4±14.1 years, with an average diagnostic delay of 6.57 months. Regarding the clinical presentation, adenopathy was the most reported physical sign (78.6%) followed by B symptoms (57.1%). Disseminated stages were the most frequent in our series: stages IV (78.5%) and III (7.1%) versus stages I (0%) and II (7.1%). The extra-ganglionic localizations observed were hepatic 5 cases (31.1%), pulmonary 04 cases (25%), medullary 4 cases (25%), pleural 2 cases (12.5%) and prostate 1 case (6.2%). All diagnosed cases are mantle cell lymphomas, of which 12 cases (85.7%) are classical and 2 cases (14.3%) indolent. The high-risk group is, according to international prognostic index (MIPI) MCL prognostic score, the most represented in our series: 0-3 = 6 cases (42.9%), 6-11 = 8 cases (57.1%). The therapeutic protocol chosen 1 line: 9 patients treated with R-DHAP, three with R-CHOP, one with DHAOX and one with R-CVP. Second line: two patients treated with R-DHAP, one after R-CHOP and the other after R-CVP. Two patients received autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant at the end of the treatment. The evolution was marked by the death of 7 patients, 3 lost to follow-up and 4 still followed. Additionally, the study highlights characteristics and treatment patterns of mantle cell lymphoma, emphasizing its predominance in males, delayed diagnosis, frequent dissemination, and high-risk classification, with chemotherapy as the primary treatment modality and a challenging prognosis contributing to a comprehensive understanding of mantle cell lymphoma presentation and management.
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell; Morocco; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Aged, 80 and over; Adult; Prognosis; Neoplasm Staging; Retrospective Studies; Delayed Diagnosis; Cyclophosphamide; Vincristine
PubMed: 38828423
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.111.40405 -
Oncology Research 2024Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved marked therapeutic success in ameliorating hematological malignancies. However, there is an extant void in...
BACKGROUND
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved marked therapeutic success in ameliorating hematological malignancies. However, there is an extant void in the clinical guidelines concerning the most effective chemotherapy regimen prior to chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, as well as the optimal timing for CAR-T cell infusion post-chemotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We employed cell-derived tumor xenograft (CDX) murine models to delineate the optimal pre-conditioning chemotherapy regimen and timing for CAR-T cell treatment. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was implemented to identify the therapeutic targets and elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing the treatment regimen.
RESULTS
Our preclinical evaluation determined that a combination of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, followed by the infusion of CD19 CAR-T cells five days subsequent to the chemotherapy, exerts the most efficacious therapeutic effect in B-cell hematological malignancies. Concurrently, RNA-seq data indicated that the therapeutic efficacy predominantly perturbs tumor cell metabolism, primarily through the inhibition of key mitochondrial targets, such as C-Jun Kinase enzyme (C-JUN).
CONCLUSION
In summary, the present study offers critical clinical guidance and serves as an authoritative reference for the deployment of CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of B-cell hematological malignancies.
Topics: Vidarabine; Cyclophosphamide; Animals; Mice; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Antigens, CD19; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen; Hematologic Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Combined Modality Therapy
PubMed: 38827326
DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.049792 -
Oncology Research 2024Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) encompasses 70% of cases of marginal zone lymphoma. Frontline bendamustine and rituximab (BR) were derived from trials involving...
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) encompasses 70% of cases of marginal zone lymphoma. Frontline bendamustine and rituximab (BR) were derived from trials involving other indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Only one trial has evaluated frontline BR prospectively in EMZL. This retrospective study reports outcomes among EMZL patients receiving frontline BR. Twenty-five patients were included with a median age of 69 years (40-81). Five (20.0%) patients had stage I/II disease, and 20 (80.0%) had stage III/IV disease. The median number of cycles was 6.0 (3.0-6.0). Maintenance rituximab was administered to 10 (41.7%) individuals. Overall response rate (ORR) was 100.0% (60.0% complete response, 40.0% partial response). Medians of overall survival and progression-free survival were not reached. The estimated 2-year progression-free survival was 85.2% and overall survival was 100.0%. Four (16.6%) patients had infections related to treatment; 3 (12.0%) transformed to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; 5 (20.8%) had a relapse or progression of EMZL; and 3 (12.0%) died unrelated to BR. BR is an efficacious and well-tolerated front-line regimen for EMZL with response data consistent with existing literature.
Topics: Humans; Bendamustine Hydrochloride; Aged; Rituximab; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Adult; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Neoplasm Staging; Progression-Free Survival
PubMed: 38827319
DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.046885 -
Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi = Chinese... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell; Male; Female; Bone Marrow; Prognosis; SOXC Transcription Factors; Retrospective Studies; Cyclin D1; PAX5 Transcription Factor; Biopsy; CD79 Antigens; Antigens, CD20; CD5 Antigens; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Immunophenotyping; Cyclophosphamide; Vincristine; Prednisone; Aged; Middle Aged; Adult; Doxorubicin
PubMed: 38825910
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20230926-00217 -
[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal... 2024There is growing recognition of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as the new standard prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in HLA-matched peripheral... (Review)
Review
There is growing recognition of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as the new standard prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in HLA-matched peripheral blood stem cell transplants with reduced intensity conditioning, based on recent results of randomized phase III trials of PTCy. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with PTCy is thought to have GVHD-dependent and -independent graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects. Its GVHD-dependent effects may be attenuated by PTCy-induced alloreactive T cell dysfunction and preferential recovery of regulatory T cells after HCT, but its GVT effects do not appear to be significantly impaired in patients in remission or with indolent disease. As patients not in remission are often also candidates for transplantation in Japan, it will be necessary to use PTCy as a platform to establish a strategy that could also be effective in patients not in remission and to revise the donor selection algorithm.
Topics: Humans; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Graft vs Host Disease; Transplantation, Homologous; Cyclophosphamide; Transplantation Conditioning
PubMed: 38825519
DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.65.391 -
[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal... 2024A 69-year-old woman was previously treated with antibiotics for suspected pyelonephritis due to fever but showed limited improvement. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed...
A 69-year-old woman was previously treated with antibiotics for suspected pyelonephritis due to fever but showed limited improvement. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed heterogeneous areas of decreased contrast enhancement in both kidneys, along with an elevated soluble level of the IL-2 receptor (5,090 U/ml), and thus the patient was referred to our department for further evaluation. A percutaneous renal biopsy performed due to suspected malignant lymphoma confirmed lymphoma cell infiltration into the renal interstitium. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for MYC/BCL2/BCL6, leading to the diagnosis of stage IVB primary renal triple expressor diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Due to acute kidney injury, continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) was initiated, followed by rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy. The patient's renal function improved rapidly, and complete response was achieved after six cycles of R-CHOP. Although DLBCL is a common lymphoma, the primary renal subtype is extremely rare and poses both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case highlights the potential clinical implications of combining CHDF with chemotherapy to achieve complete response despite an initial poor prognosis based on the patient's overall clinical condition and pathology.
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Female; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Doxorubicin; Vincristine; Kidney Neoplasms; Prednisone; Cyclophosphamide; Rituximab; Renal Dialysis; Treatment Outcome; Hemodiafiltration
PubMed: 38825510
DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.65.335 -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Jul 2024Cyclophosphamide (CP) chemotherapy is a significant iatrogenic component of premature ovarian failure (POF). The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Cyclophosphamide (CP) chemotherapy is a significant iatrogenic component of premature ovarian failure (POF). The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential protective effects of donepezil, a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, on CP-induced POF in mice.
METHODS
40 female Swiss albino mice were split into 5 equal groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (CP-POF); induced by intraperitoneal injection of CP on 8th day of the experiment, and group (3-5); mice received oral donepezil daily (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg, respectively) 8 days before CP injection. Mice were euthanized after 24 h of CP injection, and blood samples were collected to assay serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels. Ovarian tissues were dissected, and the right ovary was processed for further assays of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukin-6 (IL-6), nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family, the Pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), while the left one was processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of nuclear factor-Kappa beta (NF-κB) and caspase-3.
RESULTS
Donepezil, in a dose-dependent manner particularly (4 mg/kg), has an inhibitory action on NO (40 ± 2.85 vs. 28.20 ± 2.23, P < 0.001), proinflammatory cytokines (P < 0.001), the TLR-4/ NF-κB / NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (P < 0.001), and apoptosis (P < 0.001), with a significant elevation in the AMH levels (4.57 ± 1.08 vs. 8.57 ± 0.97, P < 0.001) versus CP-POF group.
CONCLUSION
Donepezil may be a potential protective agent against CP-induced POF in mice, but further research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic function experimentally and clinically.
Topics: Animals; Female; Donepezil; Mice; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Cyclophosphamide; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Cytokines; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Ovary; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38825044
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116989