-
Folia Microbiologica Feb 2024As an important source of human food, milk can be a carrier of human pathogenic bacteria, including tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), in its raw and...
As an important source of human food, milk can be a carrier of human pathogenic bacteria, including tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), in its raw and unpasteurized state. In this research, 175 raw milk samples and 175 traditional cheese samples were collected from traditional dairy stores in 22 regions of Tehran in a 9- month period from August 2019 to May 2020. Samples were prepared and transferred to a specialized laboratory, where they were inoculated in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium containing glycerol or sodium pyruvate, as well as Herrold's egg-yolk with and without Mycobactin J. to determine the sample's identity of samples. The recommended 16S rRNA (1436 bp) and hsp65 (644 bp) gene fragments from the positive isolates identified in Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) staining were amplified and sequenced using PCR and compared with the sequences of the gene fragments of reference strains available in the global GenBank database. No mycobacterial species were isolated from traditional cheese samples in microbial culture. In case of raw milk samples, a total of four bacteria were collected, all of which were found in the genetic differential testing to be NTM, including n = 1 Mycobacterium heraklionense, n = 2 Mycolicibacterium fortuitum, and n = 1 Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. The analysis of the results obtained by isolate sequencing using the 16S rRNA gene showed higher discriminatory power and percentage similarities in the identification of the isolates than the hsp65 gene.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Milk; Cheese; Iran
PubMed: 37507582
DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01073-9 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Oct 2023The main objective of our investigation was to know the incidence and epidemiology of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in our area and the prevalence of comorbidities...
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of our investigation was to know the incidence and epidemiology of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in our area and the prevalence of comorbidities in patients with MNT infection. As secondary objectives, we studied the distribution by species of MNT, the forms of disease and the type of sample used for its diagnosis.
METHODS
A retrospective study was carried out in which all the isolates of mycobacteria carried out by the microbiology laboratory of the Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa of Zaragoza during the period between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2018 were included.
RESULTS
A total of 533 mycobacteria were isolated, of which 295 (55.35%) were tuberculosis (MTB) and 238 (44.65%) were MNT. Of the whole MNT isolates, only 15.54% were considered clinically significant. Twenty-one species were identified being the most frequent: M. gordonae (26.89%), M. fortuitum (19.75%) and M. avium (16.39%). 32.72% of the MNT isolates were found in people over 70 years of age.
CONCLUSIONS
We can confirm that the reported number of MNT isolates in our area is higher than in previous periods. MNT infection is more common in men and those older than 70 years. The epidemiology, especially the risk factors, of MNT disease is changing.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Retrospective Studies; Incidence; Mycobacterium
PubMed: 37458336
DOI: 10.37201/req/019.2023 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023We evaluated the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of 35 patients diagnosed with Mycobacterium fortuitum-pulmonary disease (M. fortuitum-PD). Prior to...
We evaluated the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of 35 patients diagnosed with Mycobacterium fortuitum-pulmonary disease (M. fortuitum-PD). Prior to treatment, all isolates were sensitive to amikacin and 73% and 90% were sensitive to imipenem and moxifloxacin, respectively. Approximately two-thirds of the patients (24 of 35) remained stable without antibiotic treatment. Of 11 patients requiring antibiotic treatment, the majority (81%, 9 of 11) achieved a microbiological cure with susceptible antibiotics. Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that causes M. fortuitum-pulmonary disease (PD). It is common among individuals with preexisting lung conditions. Limited data exist regarding treatment and prognosis. Our study examined patients with M. fortuitum-PD. Two-thirds of them remained stable without antibiotics. Among those requiring treatment, 81% achieved a microbiological cure with suitable antibiotics. In many cases, M. fortuitum-PD follows a stable course without antibiotics, and when necessary, a favorable treatment response can be achieved with the appropriate antibiotics.
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Treatment Outcome; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Lung Diseases
PubMed: 37428038
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02051-23 -
ACG Case Reports Journal Jul 2023is associated with skin and soft-tissue infections, yet isolated liver involvement is rare. A 67-year-old asymptomatic man was referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)...
is associated with skin and soft-tissue infections, yet isolated liver involvement is rare. A 67-year-old asymptomatic man was referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to evaluate a gastric lesion and an incidental liver mass. EUS revealed a heterogeneous liver mass that was sampled. Pathology revealed necrotic granulomatous inflammation and positive acid-fast bacilli stain with deoxyribonucleic acid. Levofloxacin plus trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole for 3 months were used for complete resolution of liver lesion. Isolated nontuberculous liver involvement is uncommon. We report the first case of a liver mass caused by diagnosed by EUS-fine needle aspiration.
PubMed: 37426570
DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001083 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Jul 2023Several microorganisms can be found in tattoo inks injected into the skin, despite the ink matrix being considered inhospitable to microbial growth. Studies on the...
Several microorganisms can be found in tattoo inks injected into the skin, despite the ink matrix being considered inhospitable to microbial growth. Studies on the microbial quality of tattoo inks have reported the presence of microorganisms in most of the samples. This study aimed to assess the survival of environmental and human microbial species, selected on the specific criteria, in tattoo inks. Undiluted sterile black ink and serial dilutions (10-fold/100-fold) were each separately seeded with four bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Mycobacterium fortuitum), one yeast (Candida albicans), and one mould (Fusarium solani). Their survival was periodically tested using cultural methods. No tested microorganisms were able to survive in undiluted ink, except for B. pumilus that survived up to 3 weeks. All the tested species, except for S. aureus, showed survivability for up to 10 weeks in 100-fold diluted inks, and P. aeruginosa, M. fortuitum, and C. albicans were even able to grow. B. pumilus and F. solani had good rates of survival even at the smallest dilution. The ability of microorganisms to survive and grow in tattoo inks could have health implications if contaminated ink dilutions are used during tattooing practices and stored for a long time.
Topics: Humans; Tattooing; Ink; Staphylococcus aureus; Skin; Bacteria; Coloring Agents
PubMed: 37410617
DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad078 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023Tuberculosis (TB) is an ongoing threat to public health, and furthermore, the incidence of infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), whose symptoms are not...
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ongoing threat to public health, and furthermore, the incidence of infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), whose symptoms are not distinguishable from TB, is increasing globally, thus indicating a need for accurate diagnostics for patients with suspected mycobacterial infections. Such diagnostic strategies need to include two steps, (i) detecting the mycobacterial infections and, if the case is an NTM infection, (ii) identifying the causative NTM pathogen. To eliminate a false-positive TB diagnosis for a host vaccinated by the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strain of Mycobacterium bovis, a new target specific for M. tuberculosis species was selected, together with the species-specific targets for the six dominant NTM species of clinical importance, i.e., M. intracellulare, M. avium, M. kansasii, M. massiliense, M. abscessus, and M. fortuitum. Using sets of primers and probes, a two-step real-time multiplex PCR method was designed. The diagnostic performance was assessed by using a total of 1,772 clinical specimens from patients with suspected TB or NTM infection. A total of 69.4% of M. tuberculosis and 28.8% of NTM infections were positive for the primary step of the real-time PCR corresponding to the culture within 10 weeks, and mycobacterial species of 75.5% of the NTM-positive cases were identified by the secondary step. The two-step method described herein presented promising results and similar diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to commercially available real-time PCR kits for detecting TB and NTM infections. The method also enabled the identification of mycobacterial species in three-quarters of NTM infection cases, thus providing a better treatment strategy. Tuberculosis (TB) is an ongoing threat to public health. In addition, infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a nonnegligible issue for global public health, with increasing incidences. Since the antimicrobial treatment strategy needs to be differed by the causative pathogen, a rapid and accurate diagnostic method is necessary. In this study, we developed a two-step molecular diagnostic method using clinical specimens of TB and NTM infection-suspected patients. The diagnostic power of the new method using the novel target was similar to the widely used TB detection kit, and, among the NTM-positive specimens, three-quarters of the NTM species were able to be identified. This simple and powerful method will be useful as it is, and it could be applied easily to a point-of-care diagnostic apparatus for better application to patients, especially those living in developing countries.
Topics: Humans; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium bovis
PubMed: 37378523
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01606-23 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Sep 2023The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections is increasing worldwide. Although NTM can affect extrapulmonary organs, studies on the clinical...
INTRODUCTION
The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections is increasing worldwide. Although NTM can affect extrapulmonary organs, studies on the clinical characteristics of extrapulmonary NTM are rare.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed patients who were newly diagnosed with NTM infections at Hiroshima University Hospital between 2001 and 2021 to investigate species distribution, infected sites, and risk factors of extrapulmonary NTM compared to pulmonary NTM.
RESULTS
Of the 261 NTM infections, 9.6% and 90.4% had extrapulmonary and pulmonary NTM, respectively. The mean ages of patients with extrapulmonary and pulmonary NTM were 53.4 and 69.3 years, 64.0% and 42.8% were male, 36.0% and 9.3% received corticosteroids, 20.0% and 0% had acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and 56.0% and 16.1% had any immunosuppressive conditions, respectively. Younger age, corticosteroid use, and AIDS were associated with extrapulmonary NTM. In pulmonary NTM, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) accounted for 86.4% of NTM species, followed by M. abscessus complex (4.2%), whereas in extrapulmonary NTM, M. abscessus complex, MAC, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum accounted for 36.0%, 28.0%, 12.0%, and 8.0%, respectively. Compared to pulmonary NTM, extrapulmonary NTM were significantly more likely to be rapid-growing mycobacteria (RGM) (56.0% vs. 5.5%). The most common sites of infection were the skin and soft tissues (44.0%), followed by the blood (20.0%), tenosynovium, and lymph nodes (12.0%).
CONCLUSION
Younger age and immunosuppressive conditions are associated with extrapulmonary NTM, with a higher prevalence of RGM in extrapulmonary NTM than in pulmonary NTM. These results provide a better understanding of extrapulmonary NTM.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Female; Retrospective Studies; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Japan; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Pneumonia
PubMed: 37209842
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.05.013 -
Infection Control and Hospital... Aug 2023We describe a case of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection due to . Whole-genome sequencing showed that the same strain was isolated from the shared shower water...
We describe a case of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection due to . Whole-genome sequencing showed that the same strain was isolated from the shared shower water of the unit. Nontuberculous mycobacteria frequently contaminate hospital water networks. Preventative actions are needed to reduce the exposure risk for immunocompromised patients.
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Cross Infection; Water; Sepsis; Catheters
PubMed: 36804097
DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.263