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Health Care Science Jun 2024Silent hypoxemia is when patients do not experience breathing difficulty in the presence of alarmingly low O saturation. It could cause rapid deterioration and higher...
Evaluation of the predictors and frequency of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients and the gap between pulse oximeter and arterial blood gas levels: A cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
Silent hypoxemia is when patients do not experience breathing difficulty in the presence of alarmingly low O saturation. It could cause rapid deterioration and higher mortality rates among patients, so prompt detection and identifying predictive factors could result in significantly better outcomes. This study aims to document the evidence of silent hypoxemia in patients with COVID-19 and its clinical features.
METHODS
A total of 78 hospitalized, nonintubated patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were included in this study. Their O saturation was measured with a pulse oximeter (PO), and arterial blood gas (ABG) was taken. Demographic and clinical features were recorded. The Borg scale was used to evaluate dyspnea status, and patients with a score of less than two accompanied by O saturation of less than 94% were labeled as silent hypoxic. Univariate analysis was utilized to evaluate the correlation between variables and their odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Silent hypoxemia was observed in 20 (25.6%) of the participants. The average difference between the PO and ABG methods was 4.36 ± 3.43. Based on regression analysis, dyspnea and respiratory rate demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with the O saturation difference between PO and ABG (OR: 2.05; = 0.026; 95% CI: 0.248-3.847 and OR: 0.144; = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.001-0.286). Furthermore, the Borg scale (OR: 0.29; = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.116-0.740) had a significant reverse correlation with silent hypoxia.
CONCLUSIONS
Silent hypoxemia can be a possible complication that affects some COVID-19 patients. Further care should be bestowed upon the younger population and those with underlying neurological or mental illnesses. Furthermore, the respiratory rate, pulse oximeter, and arterial blood gas O levels should be considered alongside each other.
PubMed: 38947362
DOI: 10.1002/hcs2.98 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024In recent years, the prevalence of obesity has continued to increase as a global health concern. Numerous epidemiological studies have confirmed the long-term effects of...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the prevalence of obesity has continued to increase as a global health concern. Numerous epidemiological studies have confirmed the long-term effects of exposure to ambient air pollutant particulate matter 2.5 (PM) on obesity, but their relationship remains ambiguous.
METHODS
Utilizing large-scale publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we conducted univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the causal effect of PM exposure on obesity and its related indicators. The primary outcome given for both univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) is the estimation utilizing the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. The weighted median, MR-Egger, and maximum likelihood techniques were employed for UVMR, while the MVMR-Lasso method was applied for MVMR in the supplementary analyses. In addition, we conducted a series of thorough sensitivity studies to determine the accuracy of our MR findings.
RESULTS
The UVMR analysis demonstrated a significant association between PM exposure and an increased risk of obesity, as indicated by the IVW model (odds ratio [OR]: 6.427; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.881-21.968; = 0.005). Additionally, PM concentrations were positively associated with fat distribution metrics, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (OR: 1.861; 95% CI: 1.244-2.776; = 0.004), particularly pancreatic fat (OR: 3.499; 95% CI: 2.092-5.855; PFDR =1.28E-05), and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) volume (OR: 1.773; 95% CI: 1.106-2.841; = 0.019). Furthermore, PM exposure correlated positively with markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, specifically triglycerides (TG) (OR: 19.959; 95% CI: 1.269-3.022; = 0.004) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR: 2.462; 95% CI: 1.34-4.649; = 0.007). Finally, a significant negative association was observed between PM concentrations and levels of the novel obesity-related biomarker fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) (OR: 0.148; 95% CI: 0.025-0.89; = 0.037). After adjusting for confounding factors, including external smoke exposure, physical activity, educational attainment (EA), participation in sports clubs or gym leisure activities, and Townsend deprivation index at recruitment (TDI), the MVMR analysis revealed that PM levels maintained significant associations with pancreatic fat, HbA1c, and FGF-21.
CONCLUSION
Our MR study demonstrates conclusively that higher PM concentrations are associated with an increased risk of obesity-related indicators such as pancreatic fat content, HbA1c, and FGF-21. The potential mechanisms require additional investigation.
Topics: Humans; Particulate Matter; Obesity; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; White People; Air Pollutants; Environmental Exposure; Air Pollution
PubMed: 38947357
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1366838 -
Annals of Global Health 2024Minimum meal frequency is the number of times children eat in a day. Without adequate meal frequency, infants and young children are prone to malnutrition. There is...
Spatial Variation and Determinants of Inadequate Minimum Meal Frequency among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analysis using Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) 2019.
Minimum meal frequency is the number of times children eat in a day. Without adequate meal frequency, infants and young children are prone to malnutrition. There is little information on the spatial distribution and determinants of inadequate meal frequency at the national level. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the spatial distribution and determinants of inadequate meal frequency among young children in Ethiopia. The most recent Ethiopian demographic and health survey data was used. The analysis was conducted using a weighted sample of 1,610 children aged 6-23 months old. The Global Moran's I was estimated to assess the regional variation in minimum meal frequency. Further, a multivariable multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with inadequate meal frequency. The AOR (adjusted odds ratio) at 95% CI (confidence interval) was computed to assess the strength and significance of the relationship between explanatory variables and the outcome variable. Factors with a p-value of <0.05 are declared statistically significant This study revealed that the prevalence of inadequate meal frequency was found to be 30.56% (95% CI: 28.33-32.88). We identified statistically significant clusters of high inadequate meal frequency, notably observed in Somalia, northern Amhara, the eastern part of southern nations and nationalities, and the southwestern Oromia regions. Child age, antenatal care (ANC) visit, marital status, and community level illiteracy were significant factors that were associated with inadequate meal frequency. According to the study findings, the proportion of inadequate meal frequency among young children in Ethiopia was higher and also distributed non-randomly across Ethiopian regions. As a result, policymakers and other concerned bodies should prioritize risky areas in designing intervention. Thus, special attention should be given to the Somalia region, the northern part of Amhara, the eastern part of Southern nations and nationalities, and southwestern Oromia.
Topics: Humans; Ethiopia; Infant; Female; Male; Multilevel Analysis; Health Surveys; Meals; Spatial Analysis; Feeding Behavior; Logistic Models; Educational Status; Adult; Young Adult; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 38947310
DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4448 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2024Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is one of the most important causes of death following liver resection. Heparin, an established anticoagulant, can protect liver...
BACKGROUND
Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is one of the most important causes of death following liver resection. Heparin, an established anticoagulant, can protect liver function through a number of mechanisms, and thus, prevent liver failure.
AIM
To look at the safety and efficacy of heparin in preventing hepatic dysfunction after hepatectomy.
METHODS
The data was extracted from Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) v1. 4 pinpointed patients who had undergone hepatectomy for liver cancer, subdividing them into two cohorts: Those who were injected with heparin and those who were not. The statistical evaluations used were unpaired -tests, Mann-Whitney tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact tests to assess the effect of heparin administration on PHLF, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, need for mechanical ventilation, use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), incidence of hypoxemia, development of acute kidney injury, and ICU mortality. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the factors related to PHLF, with propensity score matching (PSM) aiming to balance the preoperative disparities between the two groups.
RESULTS
In this study, 1388 patients who underwent liver cancer hepatectomy were analyzed. PSM yielded 213 matched pairs from the heparin-treated and control groups. Initial univariate analyses indicated that heparin potentially reduces the risk of PHLF in both matched and unmatched samples. Further analysis in the matched cohorts confirmed a significant association, with heparin reducing the risk of PHLF (odds ratio: 0.518; 95% confidence interval: 0.295-0.910; = 0.022). Additionally, heparin treatment correlated with improved short-term postoperative outcomes such as reduced ICU stay durations, diminished requirements for respiratory support and CRRT, and lower incidences of hypoxemia and ICU mortality.
CONCLUSION
Liver failure is an important hazard following hepatic surgery. During ICU care heparin administration has been proved to decrease the occurrence of hepatectomy induced liver failure. This indicates that heparin may provide a hopeful option for controlling PHLF.
Topics: Humans; Hepatectomy; Heparin; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Liver Failure; Liver Neoplasms; Aged; Anticoagulants; Treatment Outcome; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Length of Stay; Risk Factors; Intensive Care Units; Propensity Score
PubMed: 38947296
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i22.2881 -
Cureus Jun 2024As the age increases particularly above the age of 50 years, there is a significantly higher risk of developing gallstone-related complications especially cholecystitis... (Review)
Review
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Management of Gallstone Cholecystitis and Common Biliary Duct Stones to Reduce the Incidence of Complications in Elderly Patients.
As the age increases particularly above the age of 50 years, there is a significantly higher risk of developing gallstone-related complications especially cholecystitis and common bile duct stones with its associated consequences. Complications that arise after surgical operations for cholecystitis have been reported to have negative impacts on senior patients. These effects include a higher rate of complications, a longer hospital stay, higher expenditures, and decreased patient satisfaction. Therefore, finding the most effective treatment for cholecystitis in older patients is still a challenge. The aim of the study was carried out in order to identify many approaches that can be taken in the treatment of cholecystitis and stones in the common bile duct in older patients. A search was conducted through Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, ProQuest, and Cochrane using relevant Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords (elderly, age over 50, cholecystitis, bile duct stones, cholecystectomy, ERCP, surgical, conservative management, and open). The searches were limited to studies on elderly individuals over 50 who had cholecystectomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography between January 2000 and December 2022. The meta-analysis used the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (MHOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Aries Systems Corporation's Editorial Manager® (Aries Systems Corporation, North Andover, USA) and ProduXion Manager® (Aries Systems Corporation, North Andover, USA) facilitated the study. Out of 102 citations, 39 studies were selected for further study. After that, 18 studies were eliminated, leaving 21 for meta-analysis. The study found a protective risk of cholecystitis in cholecystectomy patients (MHOR = 0.16; 95%, CI = 0.10 to 0.25; p 0.001). Developing cholecystitis was substantially lower in early cholecystectomy patients (MHOR = 0.16; 95%, CI = 0.10 to 0.25; p 0.001). There was no significant difference in cholecystitis risk between open and laparoscopic surgery (MHOR = 0.65; 95%, CI = 0.41 to 1.04; p 0.07). Cholecystectomy performed at an earlier stage protects elderly patients from developing recurrent cholecystitis. In contrast to late cholecystitis, in which the patient would experience several attacks of cholecystitis, early cholecystectomy protects against the recurrence of the condition.
PubMed: 38947136
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63115 -
Cureus Jun 2024Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease affecting the skin, nails, and/or joints. It is associated with systemic inflammation and may also be linked to an... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease affecting the skin, nails, and/or joints. It is associated with systemic inflammation and may also be linked to an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The objectives of this study were to determine the overall risk of ASCVD in patients with psoriasis and to evaluate the risk according to ASCVD type and the severity of psoriasis. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting the association between psoriasis and one or more of the clinical types of ASCVD. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Scopus, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), and Google Scholar for relevant studies in the English language from the beginning of their records to July 2023. Study selection and data extraction were conducted by four independent reviewers. A total of 21 observational studies (three cross-sectional, one case-control, and 17 cohort) were included in this review, representing a total of 778,049 patients with psoriasis and 16,881,765 control subjects without psoriasis. The included studies had varying degrees of covariate adjustment, and thus, their findings may have been subject to residual confounding. All the meta-analyses used the adjusted effect sizes and were based on the random-effects model. However, the cohort studies were analysed separately from the non-cohort studies (the case-control and cross-sectional studies). There was a significant association between psoriasis and ASCVD (cohort studies: hazard ratio (HR), 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14 to 1.28; I = 63%; p < 0.001; non-cohort studies: odds ratio (OR), 1.60; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.92; I = 31%; p = 0.23). Psoriasis was also significantly associated with myocardial infarction (cohort studies: HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.31; I = 60%; p < 0.001; non-cohort studies: OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.15; I = 74%; p = 0.05), coronary artery disease (cohort studies: HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.28; I = 67%; p < 0.001; non-cohort studies: OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.92; I = 31%; p = 0.23), aortic aneurysm (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.02; I = 67%; p = 0.08) but not with ischaemic stroke (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.36; I = 44%; p = 0.17). Pooled analysis in terms of the severity of psoriasis showed that both mild (cohort studies: HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.26; I = 74%; p < 0.001; non-cohort studies: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.90; I = 0%; p = 0.50) and severe (cohort studies: HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.65; I = 65%; p < 0.001; non-cohort studies: OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.12; I = 25%; p = 0.26) psoriasis were significantly associated with ASCVD. Psoriasis (including mild and severe disease) is associated with an increased risk of ASCVD, including coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic aneurysm (AA). ASCVD risk assessment and prevention should be prioritised in all adult psoriasis patients. Future observational studies investigating the association between psoriasis and ASCVD should conduct a more comprehensive adjustment of covariates.
PubMed: 38947134
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63379 -
Research Square Jun 2024Vancomycin, an antibiotic with activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is frequently included in empiric treatment for community-acquired...
Vancomycin, an antibiotic with activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is frequently included in empiric treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) despite the fact that MRSA is rarely implicated in CAP. Conducting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on nasal swabs to identify the presence of MRSA colonization has been proposed as an antimicrobial stewardship intervention to reduce the use of vancomycin. Observational studies have shown reductions in vancomycin use after implementation of MRSA colonization testing, and this approach has been adopted by CAP guidelines. However, the ability of this intervention to safely reduce vancomycin use has yet to be tested in a randomized controlled trial. STOP-Vanc is a pragmatic, prospective, single center, non-blinded randomized trial. Adult patients with suspicion for CAP who are receiving vancomycin and admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit at Vanderbilt University Medical Center will be screened for eligibility. Eligible patients will be enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either receive MRSA nasal swab PCR testing in addition to usual care (intervention group), or usual care alone (control group). PCR testing results will be transmitted through the electronic health record to the treating clinicians. Primary providers of intervention group patients with negative swab results will also receive a page providing clinical guidance recommending discontinuation of vancomycin. The primary outcome will be vancomycin-free hours alive, defined as the number of hours alive and free of the use of vancomycin within the first seven days following trial enrollment estimated using a proportional odds ratio model. Secondary outcomes include 30-day all-cause mortality and time alive off vancomycin. STOP-Vanc will provide the first randomized controlled trial data regarding the use of MRSA nasal swab PCR testing to guide antibiotic de-escalation. This study will provide important information regarding the effect of MRSA PCR testing and antimicrobial stewardship guidance on clinical outcomes in an intensive care unit setting. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on February 22, 2024. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06272994).
PubMed: 38947088
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4365928/v1 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Disparities in cognition, including dementia occurrence, persist between White and Black older adults, and are possibly influenced by early educational differences...
IMPORTANCE
Disparities in cognition, including dementia occurrence, persist between White and Black older adults, and are possibly influenced by early educational differences stemming from structural racism. However, the relationship between school racial segregation and later-life cognition remains underexplored.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between childhood contextual exposure to school racial segregation and cognitive outcomes in later life.
DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Data from 16,625 non-Hispanic White (hereafter, White) and 3,335 non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) Americans aged 65 or older were analyzed from the Health and Retirement Study.
EXPOSURES
State-level White-Black dissimilarity index for public elementary schools in the late 1960s (range: 0-100) was used to measure school segregation. States were categorized into high segregation (≥83.6) and low segregation (<83.6) based on the top quintile.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Cognitive scores, cognitive impairment (with or without dementia), and dementia were assessed using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) and proxy assessment. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for demographic covariates, socioeconomic status, and health factors. Stratified analyses by race were performed.
RESULTS
The mean (SD) age of participants was 78.5 (5.7) years, and 11,208 (56.2%) were female. Participants exposed to high segregation exhibited lower cognitive scores (12.6 vs. 13.6; <0.001) and higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (50.8% vs 41.4%; <0.001) and dementia (26.0% vs. 19.5%; <0.001), compared to those with low segregation exposure. Multilevel analyses revealed a significant negative association between school segregation and later-life cognitive even after adjusting sequentially for potential confounders, and these associations were stronger among Black than White participants. Notably, in the fully adjusted model, Black participants exposed to high segregation displayed significantly lower cognitive scores (-0.51; 95% CI: -0.94, -0.09) and higher likelihood of cognitive impairment (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.72) and dementia (aOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.63).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Our study underscores that childhood exposure to state-level school segregation is associated with late-life cognition, especially for Black Americans. Given the rising trend of school segregation in the US, educational policies aimed at reducing segregation are crucial to address health inequities. Clinicians can leverage patients' early-life educational circumstances to promote screening, prevention, and management of cognitive disorders.
KEY POINTS
Is state-level school racial segregation during childhood associated with cognitive outcomes in later life among non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) and non-Hispanic White (hereafter, White) Americans? In this nationally representative sample, older adults exposed to high levels of school segregation had lower cognitive scores and an increased likelihood of cognitive impairment and dementia compared to those with low levels of exposure. These associations remained significant after adjusting for a comprehensive array of factors over the life course, and were more pronounced for Black than White participants. These findings suggest that investments to reduce school racial segregation could have lasting benefits for cognition and racial equity, spotlighting school racial segregation as an important form of structural racism in the US. Ascertainment of school racial segregation during childhood could help to promote more efficient and equitable screening, prevention, and management of cognitive impairment in clinical settings.
PubMed: 38947046
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.24309186 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Triglyceride (TG)/High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (THR) represents a single surrogate predictor of hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance that is...
Novel Loci ( ) for Triglyceride / High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Longitudinal Change (ΔTHR) among Subjects without Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from the Long Life Family Study (LLFS) and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring Cohort (OS).
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
Triglyceride (TG)/High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (THR) represents a single surrogate predictor of hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance that is associated with premature aging processes, risk of diabetes and increased mortality. To identify novel genetic loci for THR change over time (ΔTHR), we conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genome-wide linkage scan (GWLS) among subjects of European ancestry who had complete data from two exams collected about seven years apart from the Long Life Family Study (LLFS, n=1384), a study with familial clustering of exceptional longevity in the US and Denmark.
METHODS
Subjects with diabetes or using medications for dyslipidemia were excluded from this analysis. ΔTHR was derived using growth curve modeling, and adjusted for age, sex, field centers, and principal components (PCs). GWAS was conducted using a linear mixed model accounted for familial relatedness. Our linkage scan was built on haplotype-based IBD estimation with 0.5 cM average spacing.
RESULTS
Heritability of ΔTHR was moderate (46%). Our GWAS identified a significant locus at the ( =1.58e-9) for ΔTHR; this gene locus has been reported before influencing baseline THR levels. Our GWLS found evidence for a significant linkage with a logarithm of the odds (LODs) exceeding 3 on (LODs=4.1). Using a subset of 25 linkage enriched families (pedigree-specific LODs>0.1), we assessed sequence elements under and identified two novel variants ( -rs114108468, =5e-6, MAF=1.8%; -rs16864075, =3e-6, MAF=8%; accounted for ∼28% and ∼29% of the linkage, respectively, and 57% jointly). While the former variant was associated with ( =7e-5) / ( =3.49e-2) RNA transcriptional levels, the latter variant was not associated with ( =0.23) RNA transcriptional levels. Replication in FHS OS observed modest effect of these loci on ΔTHR. Of 188 metabolites from 13 compound classes assayed in LLFS, we observed multiple metabolites (e.g., DG.38.5, PE.36.4, TG.58.3) that were significantly associated with the variants ( <3e-4).
CONCLUSIONS
Our linkage-guided sequence analysis approach permitted our discovery of two novel gene variants -rs114108468 and -rs16864075 on for ΔTHR among subjects without diabetes selected for exceptional survival and healthy aging.
PubMed: 38947029
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.24309120 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Low power is a problem in many fields, as underpowered studies that find a statistically significant result will exaggerate the magnitude of the observed effect size. We...
UNLABELLED
Low power is a problem in many fields, as underpowered studies that find a statistically significant result will exaggerate the magnitude of the observed effect size. We quantified the statistical power and magnitude error of studies of epilepsy surgery outcomes. The median power across all studies was 14%. Studies with a median sample size or less (n<=56) and a statistically significant result exaggerated the true effect size by a factor of 5.4 (median odds ratio 9.3 vs. median true odds ratio 1.7), while the Bayesian estimate of the odds ratio only exaggerated the true effect size by a factor of 1.6 (2.7 vs. 1.7). We conclude that Bayesian estimation of odds ratio attenuates the exaggeration of significant effect sizes in underpowered studies. This approach could help improve patient counseling about the chance of seizure freedom after epilepsy surgery.
SHORT SUMMARY
We estimated the statistical power of studies predicting seizure freedom after epilepsy surgery. We exacted data from a Cochrane meta-analysis. The median power across all studies was 14%. Studies with a median sample size or less (n<=56) and a statistically significant result exaggerated the true effect size by a factor of 5.4, while the Bayesian estimate of the odds ratio only exaggerated the true effect size by a factor of 1.6. We conclude that Bayesian estimation of odds ratios attenuates the exaggeration of significant effect sizes in underpowered studies. This result could improve patient counseling regarding epilepsy surgery.
PubMed: 38947027
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.24309313