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Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Feb 2024Trans-fatty acid (TFA) has been linked to an increased risk of a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and cancer. However, the...
OBJECTIVES
Trans-fatty acid (TFA) has been linked to an increased risk of a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and cancer. However, the relationship between plasma TFAs and migraine is little known. The current study aimed to determine the association between plasma TFAs and migraine in a large cross-sectional study among U.S. adults.
METHODS
The participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included during the period 1999-2000. The plasma concentrations of four major TFAs, including palmitelaidic acid (C16:1n-7t), elaidic acid (C18:1n-9t), vaccenic acid (C18:1n-7t), and linolelaidic acid (C18:2n-6t, 9t) were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The presence of migraine headache was determined by self-report questionnaire. Weighted multivariable logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions were explored to assess the relationship between plasma TFAs and migraine. Furthermore, stratified analysis and testing of interaction terms were used to evaluate the effect modification by sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income, and BMI.
RESULTS
A total of 1534 participants were included. The overall weighted prevalence of severe headache or migraine was 21.2 %. After adjusting for all potential covariates, plasma levels of elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid were positively associated with migraine. The adjusted OR values were 1.18 (95 %CI: 1.08-1.29, p=0.014, per 10 units increase) and 1.24 (95 %CI: 1.07-1.44, p=0.024). Then the included participants were divided into 2-quantiles by plasma TFA levels. Compared with participants with lower plasma levels of elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid (Q1 groups), those in the Q2 group had a higher prevalence of migraine when adjusted for all covariates in Model 2. The adjusted OR values were 2.43 (95 %CI: 1.14-5.18, p=0.037) for elaidic acid, and 2.18 (95 %CI: 1.14-4.20, p=0.036) for linolelaidic acid. Results were robust when analyses were stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income, and BMI, and no effect modification on the association was found.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrated a positive association between migraine prevalence and plasma levels of elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid in US adults. These results highlight the connection between circulating TFAs and migraine.
Topics: Humans; Migraine Disorders; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Middle Aged; Trans Fatty Acids; Nutrition Surveys; United States; Oleic Acids; Oleic Acid; Aged
PubMed: 38865817
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102624 -
Journal of Lipid Research Jun 2024Bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) is an acidic glycerophospholipid localized to late endosomes and lysosomes. However, the metabolism of BMP is poorly understood....
Bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP) is an acidic glycerophospholipid localized to late endosomes and lysosomes. However, the metabolism of BMP is poorly understood. Because many drugs that cause phospholipidosis inhibit lysosomal phospholipase A2 (LPLA2, PLA2G15, LYPLA3) activity, we investigated whether this enzyme has a role in BMP catabolism. The incubation of recombinant human LPLA2 (hLPLA2) and liposomes containing the naturally occurring BMP (sn-(2-oleoyl-3-hydroxy)-glycerol-1-phospho-sn-1'-(2'-oleoyl-3'-hydroxy)-glycerol (S,S-(2,2',C)-BMP) resulted in the deacylation of this BMP isomer. The deacylation rate was 70 times lower than that of dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), an isomer and precursor of BMP. The release rates of oleic acid from DOPG and four BMP stereoisomers by LPLA2 differed. The rank order of the rates of hydrolysis were DOPG>S,S-(3,3',C)-BMP>R,S-(3,1',C)-BMP>R,R-(1,1',C)>S,S-(2,2')-BMP. The cationic amphiphilic drug amiodarone (AMD) inhibited the deacylation of DOPG and BMP isomers by hLPLA2 in a concentration dependent manner. Under these experimental conditions, the ICs of amiodarone-induced inhibition of the four BMP isomers and DOPG were less than 20 μM and approximately 30 μM, respectively. BMP accumulation was observed in AMD-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The accumulated BMP was significantly reduced by exogenous treatment of cells with active recombinant hLPLA2 but not with diisopropylfluorophosphate-inactivated recombinant hLPLA2. Finally, a series of cationic amphiphilic drugs known to cause phospholipidosis were screened for inhibition of LPLA2 activity as measured by either the transacylation or fatty acid hydrolysis of BMP or phosphatidylcholine as substrates. Fifteen compounds demonstrated significant inhibition with ICs ranging from 6.8 to 63.3 μM. These results indicate that LPLA2 degrades BMP isomers with different substrate specificities under acidic conditions and may be the key enzyme associated with BMP accumulation in drug-induced phospholipidosis.
PubMed: 38857781
DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100574 -
F1000Research 2023The growing popularity of nutrient-rich foods, among which is quinoa, is due to the increasing demand for healthier choices. Oils and hydrolyzed proteins from these...
The growing popularity of nutrient-rich foods, among which is quinoa, is due to the increasing demand for healthier choices. Oils and hydrolyzed proteins from these foods may help prevent various health issues. The objective of this work was to perform extraction from the endosperm of the grain from high-protein quinoa flour by physical means a differential abrasive milling process and extracting the oil using an automatic auger extractor at 160°C, as well as characterizing extracted oil. Quinoa oil extraction and physicochemical characterization were carried out. Chemical and physical quality indexes of quinoa oil were established, and both characterizations were conducted based on international and Columbian standards. Thermal properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, and rheological and interfacial properties of the oil were evaluated using hybrid rheometers and Drop Tensiometers, respectively, to determine its potential for obtaining functional foods. The result was 10.5 g of oil/ 100 g of endosperm, with a moisture content of 0.12%, insoluble impurities of 0.017%, peroxide index of 18.5 meq O /kg of oil, saponification index of 189.6 mg potassium hydroxide/g of oil, refractive index of 1.401, and a density of 0.9179 g/cm at 20°C. Regarding contaminating metals, it presented 7 mg of iron/kg of oil, a value higher than previously established limits of 5 mg of iron/kg of oil. The oil contained 24.9% oleic acid, 55.3% linoleic acid, and 4% linolenic acid, demonstrating antioxidant capacity. Quinoa oil showed thermal properties similar to other commercial oils. The interfacial and rheological properties were suitable for the stabilization of emulsions, gels, and foams, which are important in various industrial applications and could facilitate the development of new products. The extracted quinoa oil presented similar characteristics to other commercial oils, which could make it a potential product for commercialization and application in different industries.
Topics: Chenopodium quinoa; Rheology; Plant Oils; Chemical Phenomena; Temperature
PubMed: 38854700
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134134.1 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024This study analyzed the physicochemical properties of nut-based milk and sweetened condensed milk (SCM) alternatives. Four types of nuts (almonds, cashews, hazelnuts,...
This study analyzed the physicochemical properties of nut-based milk and sweetened condensed milk (SCM) alternatives. Four types of nuts (almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, and walnuts) were roasted at 140 °C for 15 min, followed by the preparation and analysis of milk and SCM alternatives. During the production of SCM by heating with adding sugar, the pH, moisture, and L* decreased, while the carbohydrates, viscosity, and browning index increased significantly (p < 0.05). Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid contents were comparable among all samples (p > 0.05). Volatile compounds were analyzed using HS-SPME-GC-MS to determine changes due to roasting and heating, and a total of 54 volatile compounds were identified. These findings to show the importance of the physicochemical characteristics of milk and SCM alternatives, provide practical information for the development of improved-quality dairy alternatives.
PubMed: 38850990
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139991 -
Journal of Environmental Management Jul 2024The rising generation of waste activated sludge (WAS) demands a fundamental shift towards resource reuse and recovery. The conventional methodologies used to manage this...
The rising generation of waste activated sludge (WAS) demands a fundamental shift towards resource reuse and recovery. The conventional methodologies used to manage this by-product derived from wastewater treatment plants are increasingly constrained due to stringent regulatory measures aimed at mitigating its adverse impacts on the environment and public health. Therefore, this work evaluated a promising strategy for the efficient management of WAS, transforming it into a valuable renewable source to produce high-value-added compounds, such as lipids and a slow-release fertilizer (struvite). Wet oxidation (WO) was identified as a suitable technique for solubilising WAS while generating short-chain fatty acids (primarily acetic acid). It was found that conducting WO at 200 °C for 120 min resulted in a 65% reduction of the total suspended solids (TSS) content and 87% of the volatile suspended solids (VSS) content. Additionally, under these conditions, 4440 ± 105 mg/L and 593 ± 21 mg/L of acetic and propionic acid were obtained, respectively, which were assimilated by Yarrowia lipolytica to produce biolipids. Furthermore, the rupture of WAS flocs also led to the solubilisation of 980 ± 8 mg/L of ammonium. During the struvite precipitation stage, a NH:PO:Mg ratio of 1:1.5:1.5 was found to be the most effective for removing soluble ammonium (97.4 ± 0.8%), resulting in a high-purity struvite formation, and enhancing the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the oxidised WAS from 3 to 105. This improvement in the C/N ratio raised the lipid content from 36 ± 1% to 49 ± 1% during the cultivation of Y. lipolytica. The application of the sequencing batch culture strategy further increased lipid content to 59 ± 1%, with 6.0 ± 0.3 g/L as the final concentration after the fifth cycle. The lipids produced, mainly monounsaturated fatty acids with 40% of oleic acid, offer potential as biodiesel feedstock. This lipid composition led to biodiesel properties, including cetane number, iodine value, kinematic viscosity and density that met international standards. Therefore, this research presents a promising alternative not only for WAS management but also for harnessing valuable resources, thereby establishing a basis for large-scale studies.
Topics: Sewage; Yarrowia; Lipids; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Nutrients; Fertilizers
PubMed: 38850910
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121315 -
Current Molecular Medicine Jun 2024Pregabalin and diclofenac diethylamine are anti-inflammatory molecules that are effective in relieving inflammation and pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders,...
Pregabalin and diclofenac diethylamine are anti-inflammatory molecules that are effective in relieving inflammation and pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders, arthritis, and post-traumatic pain, among others. Intravenous and oral delivery of these two molecules has their limitations. However, the transdermal route is believed to be an alternate viable option for the delivery of therapeutic molecules with desired physicochemical properties. To this end, it is vital to understand the physicochemical properties of these drugs, dosage, and strategies to enhance permeation, thereby surmounting the associated constraints and concurrently attaining a sustained release of these therapeutic molecules when administered in combination. The present work hypothesizes the enhanced permeation and sustained release of Pregabalin and diclofenac diethylamine across the skin, entrapped in the adhesive nano-organogel formulation, including permeation enhancers. The solubility studies of Pregabalin and diclofenac diethylamine in combination were performed in different permeation enhancers. Oleic acid was optimized as the best permeation enhancer based on in vitro studies. Pluronic organogel containing Pregabalin and diclofenac diethylamine with oleic acid was fabricated. Duro-Tak® (87-2196) was added to the organogel formulation as a pressure-sensitive adhesive to sustain the release profile of these two therapeutic molecules. The adhesive organogel was characterized for particle size, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurement. The HPLC method developed for the quantification of the dual drug showed a retention time of 3.84 minutes and 9.69 minutes for pregabalin and diclofenac, respectively. The fabricated nanogel adhesive formulation showed the desired results with particle size and contact angle of 282 ± 57 nm and ≥120⁰, respectively. In vitro studies showed the percentage cumulative release of 24.90 ± 4.65% and 33.29 ± 4.81% for pregabalin and diclofenac, respectively. In order to accomplish transdermal permeation, the suggested hypothesis of fabricating PG and DEE nano-organogel in combination with permeation enhancers will be a viable drug delivery method. In comparison to a traditional gel formulation, oleic acid as a permeation enhancer increased the penetration of both PG and DEE from the organogel formulation. Notably, the studies showed that the use of pressure-sensitive adhesives enabled the sustained release of both PG and DEE.Therefore, the results anticipated the hypothesis that the transdermal delivery of adhesive PG and DEE-based nanogel across the human skin can be achieved to inhibit inflammation and pain.
PubMed: 38847251
DOI: 10.2174/0115665240291343240306054318 -
Heliyon Jun 2024This review delves into the world of mushroom oils, highlighting their production, composition, and versatile applications. Despite mushrooms' overall low lipid content,... (Review)
Review
This review delves into the world of mushroom oils, highlighting their production, composition, and versatile applications. Despite mushrooms' overall low lipid content, their fatty acid composition, rich in essential fatty acids like linoleic acid and oleic acid, proves nutritionally significant. Variations in fatty acid profiles across mushroom species and the prevalence of unsaturated fats contribute to their cardiovascular health benefits. The exploration extends to mushroom essential oils, revealing diverse volatile compounds through extraction methods like hydrodistillation and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE). The identification of 1-octen-3-ol as a key contributor to the distinct "mushroom flavor" adds a nuanced perspective. The focus broadens to applications, encompassing culinary and industrial uses with techniques like cold pressing and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Mushroom oils, with their unique nutritional and flavor profiles, enhance gastronomic experiences. Non-food applications in cosmetics and biofuels underscore the oils' versatility. The nutritional composition, enriched with essential fatty acids, bioactive compositions, and trace elements, is explored for potential health benefits. Bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and terpenes contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, positioning mushroom oils as nutritional powerhouses. In short, this concise review synthesizes the intricate world of mushroom oils, emphasizing their nutritional significance, extraction methodologies, and potential health benefits. The comprehensive overview underscores mushroom oils as a promising area for further exploration and utilization. The characteristics of mushroom biomass oil for the use in various industries are influenced by the mushroom species, chemical composition, biochemical synthesis of mushroom, and downstream processes including extraction, purification and characterization. Therefore, further research and exploration need to be done to achieve a circular bioeconomy with the integration of SDGs, waste reduction, and economic stimulation, to fully utilize the benefits of mushroom, a valuable gift of nature.
PubMed: 38845934
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31594 -
Food Microbiology Sep 2024A promising strategy to control bacterial diseases involves using Quorum Sensing Inhibitor (QSI) compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Falcaria...
A promising strategy to control bacterial diseases involves using Quorum Sensing Inhibitor (QSI) compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Falcaria vulgaris plant extract to combat the phytopathogenic Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) via its QSI activity. Using biosensors and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays, the QSI and antimicrobial aspects of the extract were assessed. Furthermore, the effect of the extract on the reduction of tuber maceration in potatoes was examined. Subsequently, homology modeling based on LasR was conducted to analyze interactions between ligand 3-oxo-C8-AHL, and ExpR2 protein. Docking studies were performed on all extract compounds identified via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The extract effectively reduced maceration at sub-MIC concentrations across various pathogenic strains. Furthermore, Cyclopentadecanone, 2-hydroxy, showed more negative docking energy than the native ligand. Z,E-2,13-Octadecadien-1-ol showed energy equivalence to the native ligand. Additionally, this plant included certain compounds or their analogs that had previously been discovered as QSI compounds. These compounds included oleic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, cytidine, and linoleic acid, and they had energies that were comparable to that of the native ligand. In conclusion, the remarkable QSI property showed by this plant is likely attributed to a combination of compounds possessing this characteristic.
Topics: Quorum Sensing; Plant Extracts; Pectobacterium carotovorum; Molecular Docking Simulation; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Solanum tuberosum; Bacterial Proteins; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 38839215
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104535 -
Journal of Food Science Jul 2024Avocado oil is a nutritious, edible oil produced from avocado fruit. It has high commercial value and is increasing in popularity, thus powerful analytical methods are...
Avocado oil is a nutritious, edible oil produced from avocado fruit. It has high commercial value and is increasing in popularity, thus powerful analytical methods are needed to ensure its quality and authenticity. Recent advancements in low-field (LF) NMR spectroscopy allow for collection of high-quality data despite the use of low magnetic fields produced by non-superconductive magnets. Combined with chemometrics, LF NMR opens new opportunities in food analysis using targeted and untargeted approaches. Here, it was used to determine poly-, mono-, and saturated fatty acids in avocado oil. Although direct signal integration of LF NMR spectra was able to determine certain classes of fatty acids, it had several challenges arising from signal overlapping. Thus, we used partial least square regression and developed models with good prediction performance for fatty acid composition, with residual prediction deviation ranging 3.46-5.53 and root mean squared error of prediction ranging 0.46-2.48. In addition, LF NMR, combined with unsupervised and supervised methods, enabled the differentiation of avocado oil from other oils, namely, olive oil, soybean oil, canola oil, high oleic (OL) safflower oil, and high OL sunflower oil. This study showed that LF NMR can be used as an efficient alternative for the compositional analysis and authentication of avocado oil. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Here, we describe the application of LF-NMR for fatty acid analysis and avocado oil authentication. LF-NMR can be an efficient tool for targeted and untargeted analysis, thus becoming an attractive option for companies, regulatory agencies, and quality control laboratories. This tool is especially important for organizations and entities seeking economic, user-friendly, and sustainable analysis solutions.
Topics: Persea; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Plant Oils; Fatty Acids; Chemometrics; Food Analysis; Fruit
PubMed: 38837399
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17142 -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Jun 2024Notwithstanding the several investigations of the hydroxy fatty acids (hFAs)' physiological functions, studies focusing on their anti-obesity effects are limited. This...
Notwithstanding the several investigations of the hydroxy fatty acids (hFAs)' physiological functions, studies focusing on their anti-obesity effects are limited. This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of four hFAs, 10-hydroxy stearic acid (10-hSA), 12-hydroxy stearic acid (12-hSA), 9,12-hydroxy stearic acid (9,12-dhSA), and 12-hydroxy oleic acid (12-hOA), on the 3T3-L1 cells. All hFAs suppressed lipid accumulation, with 10-hSA and 12-hOA exhibiting the strongest suppression, followed by 12-hSA and 9, 12-hSA. This trend was similar to that observed for the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity degree. Contrastingly, only 9,12-dhSA suppressed cell viability. The mRNA levels of HK1 and Aldoa were markedly suppressed by 10-hSA and 12-hSA compared to the control. Additionally, mRNA expression of Gyk was considerably suppressed by 12-hSA. Thus, all hFAs suppressed lipid accumulation by suppressing GPDH activity, although their molecular mechanisms were different. These findings will aid the application of hFAs in the food and medical industries.
PubMed: 38834535
DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae078