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International Journal of Ophthalmology 2023To report the myopia-controlling effect of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in patients with Stickler syndrome (STL), an inherited collagenic disease...
AIM
To report the myopia-controlling effect of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in patients with Stickler syndrome (STL), an inherited collagenic disease typically presenting with early onset myopia.
METHODS
Three STL children, aged 3, 7, and 11y, received RLRL therapy throughout the follow-up period of 17, 3, and 6mo, respectively after exclusion of fundus anomalies. Data on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, cycloplegic subjective refraction, ocular biometrics, scanning laser ophthalmoscope, optical coherence tomography, genetic testing, systemic disease history, and family history were recorded.
RESULTS
At the initiation of the RLRL therapy, the spherical equivalent (SE) of 6 eyes from 3 patients ranged from -3.75 to -20.38 D, axial length (AL) were from 23.88 to 30.68 mm, and BCVA were from 0.4 to 1.0 (decimal notation). Myopia progression of all six eyes slowed down after RLRL therapy. AL in five out of the six eyes shortened -0.07 to -0.63 mm. No side effects were observed.
CONCLUSION
Three cases of STL whose progression of myopic shift and AL elongation are successfully reduced and even reversed after RLRL therapy.
PubMed: 37854367
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.10.22 -
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2023[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/8906306.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/8906306.].
PubMed: 37829312
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9868514 -
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2023Recent advances in telemedicine have led to increased use of digital ophthalmoscopes (DO) in clinical settings. This review aims to assess commercially available DOs,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Recent advances in telemedicine have led to increased use of digital ophthalmoscopes (DO) in clinical settings. This review aims to assess commercially available DOs, including smartphone (SP), desktop, and handheld ophthalmoscopes, and evaluate their applications.
METHODS
A literature review was performed by searching PubMed (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Web of Science (webofknowledge.com), and Science Direct (sciencedirect.com). All English-language papers that resulted from the search terms "digital ophthalmoscope", "screening tool", "glaucoma screening", "diabetic retinopathy screening", "cataract screening", and "papilledema screening" were reviewed. Studies that contained randomized clinical trials with human participants between January 2010 and December 2020 were included. The Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) tool was used to assess the methodological quality of each included paper.
RESULTS
Of the 1307 studies identified, 35 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The ROBIS tool determined that 29/35 studies (82.8%) had a low risk of bias, 3/35 (8.5%) had a moderate risk of bias, and 3/35 (8.5%) had a high risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
The continued adoption of DOs remains uncertain because of concerns about the image quality for non-mydriatic eyes and the confidence in data captured from the device. Likewise, there is a lack of guidelines for the use of DOs, which makes it difficult for providers to determine the best device for their practice and to ensure appropriate use. Even so, DOs continue to gain acceptance as technology and practice integration improve, especially in underserved areas with limited access to ophthalmologists.
PubMed: 37822326
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S423845 -
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Dec 2023Better visual performance in athletes compared to non-athletes could suggest improved macular function through physical exertion. The study aimed to investigate the...
OBJECTIVES
Better visual performance in athletes compared to non-athletes could suggest improved macular function through physical exertion. The study aimed to investigate the effect of maximal incremental treadmill (MIT) exercise on macular function.
DESIGN
An interventional study comparing the effect of maximal incremental treadmill (MIT) exercise until volitional exhaustion between athletes (n = 26) and non-athletes (n = 26).
METHODS
Participants underwent an ophthalmological assessment involving repeated measurements of the photostress recovery time (PSRT) at baseline and post-exercise. PSRT was recorded after a 10-second exposure of the macular to an intense light source from an ophthalmoscope positioned 2 cm in front of the eye. Secondary outcome measures also recorded included the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the intraocular pressure (IOP).
RESULTS
Compared to the baseline, MIT exercise markedly improved the PSRT of athletes from 42.7 ± 1.6 s to 39.6 ± 1.4 s (P < 0.001), while having no significant changes in the PSRT of non-athletes. After adjusting for exercise duration, the exercise intervention showed significant effects on the PSRT improvement in the athletes compared to non-athletes after exercise [F(1,49) = 16.941, P < 0.001], with estimated marginal means of 3.00 s and 0.47 s, respectively. Also, the exercise intervention resulted in significant improvements in IOP (P < 0.001) and BCVA (P < 0.01) of both groups.
CONCLUSIONS
MIT exercise improves macular function, BCVA, and reduced IOP in healthy athletes. Maximal incremental exercise may be recommended for competitive sports athletes seeking optimal visual performance, as long as it does not adversely impact other relevant non-visual factors.
Topics: Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Exercise; Physical Exertion; Athletes
PubMed: 37793957
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.09.017 -
Journal of AAPOS : the Official... Oct 2023We describe a novel method for clinical ophthalmic photography that uses the inherent macro-photography mode available in most recent smartphones, without additional...
We describe a novel method for clinical ophthalmic photography that uses the inherent macro-photography mode available in most recent smartphones, without additional attachments. This method facilitates acquisition of high-quality external and anterior segment clinical photography in children who may have difficulty remaining still enough for anterior segment photography at the slit lamp. We describe this technique and discuss its advantages and limitations.
Topics: Humans; Child; Smartphone; Anterior Eye Segment; Slit Lamp Microscopy; Slit Lamp; Photography
PubMed: 37714425
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.07.004 -
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics Sep 2023Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a recently described disease. Our main objective was to evaluate and monitor, over 3 years, the ophthalmoscopic findings in children... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a recently described disease. Our main objective was to evaluate and monitor, over 3 years, the ophthalmoscopic findings in children exposed to zika virus (ZIKV) during gestation.
METHODS
This prospective observational study was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between April 2016 and May 2019. We evaluated two groups with exanthema serving as a proxy for viremia: (i) children whose mothers had exanthema during pregnancy and (ii) children who had microcephaly without maternal exanthema during pregnancy. We performed indirect ophthalmoscopy at recruitment and every 6 months thereafter. We also tested the association between ocular findings with maternal exanthema, microcephaly, CZS and maternal infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and gender.
RESULTS
Of the 72 children included, 16 (22.2%) had optic nerve and/or retinal lesions. All 16 had CZS and 15 (93.7%) had microcephaly (14 at birth and 1 postnatally). The child with postnatally acquired microcephaly was born to a mother without exanthema during pregnancy. Fifty-six (77.8%) of the 72 children were followed for a median time of 24 months and none exhibited differences between admission and follow-up examinations. After logistic regression, only microcephaly at birth was associated with eye abnormalities (odds ratio, 77.015; 95% confidence interval, 8.85-670.38; p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
We observed that there was no progression of the lesions over the follow-up period. We also showed that the eye findings were associated only with microcephaly at birth. Attention should be paid to all children born during a ZIKV epidemic, regardless of maternal exanthema and/or microcephaly at birth.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Child; Humans; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection; Microcephaly; Follow-Up Studies; Brazil; Exanthema; Mothers
PubMed: 37705261
DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmad030 -
Journal of Academic Ophthalmology (2017) Jul 2023In 2017, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education announced all ophthalmology residency programs would provide a combined transitional or joint...
In 2017, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education announced all ophthalmology residency programs would provide a combined transitional or joint preliminary program for first postgraduate year (PGY-1) residents, with mandatory implementation by 2023. This study aimed to survey ophthalmology residency program directors, postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2) ophthalmology residents who were a part of the first, official combined ophthalmology PGY-1 year, and postgraduate year 3 (PGY-3) residents who were a PGY-1 resident the year prior to integration to evaluate characteristics and perspectives on the combined ophthalmology PGY-1 year. A national, internet survey-based study approved by the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) was disseminated to the AUPO listserv of program directors (PDs) and PGY-2 and PGY-3 ophthalmology residents from July to August 2022 and then again April to June 2023. Twenty-six PDs completed the survey (response rate 20.3% out of 128 PDs). Forty-one PGY-2 ophthalmology residents who underwent the combined ophthalmology PGY-1 year and 33 PGY-3 ophthalmology residents also completed the survey. Most PGY-1 curricula focused on exposure to comprehensive ophthalmology and provided indirect ophthalmoscope, slit lamp, and refraction skills training to residents. Early exposure to fundamentals and clinical workflows were commonly cited benefits to the integration. When PDs were surveyed about how well-prepared PGY-1 residents who went through the combined year are for the PGY-2 relative to the prior year's class, 16 (61.5%) responded "better prepared." PGY-2 residents also reported a relatively higher level of clinical preparedness and familiarity with ophthalmology co-residents than PGY-3 residents. Several areas of improvement cited by both PDs and residents were identified including a dedicated didactic curriculum and more time in ophthalmology during the PGY-1 year. We found an overall net benefit from the integration of the combined ophthalmology PGY-1 year. Benefits include early exposure to clinical skills and knowledge specific to ophthalmology, leading to increased confidence and preparedness for the rigorous transition to ophthalmology residency. We also identified many areas for improvement to optimize the PGY-1 year including a formal curriculum and additional time in ophthalmology. Programs should work closely with their residents, faculty, and non-ophthalmology PDs to refine the PGY-1 for the benefit of future ophthalmologists.
PubMed: 37701864
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1774393 -
Proceedings. Biological Sciences Sep 2023Wide variation in visual field configuration across avian species is hypothesized to be driven primarily by foraging ecology and predator detection. While some studies...
Wide variation in visual field configuration across avian species is hypothesized to be driven primarily by foraging ecology and predator detection. While some studies of selected taxa have identified relationships between foraging ecology and binocular field characteristics in particular species, few have accounted for the relevance of shared ancestry. We conducted a large-scale, comparative analysis across 39 Anatidae species to investigate the relationship between the foraging ecology traits of diet or behaviour and binocular field parameters, while controlling for phylogeny. We used phylogenetic models to examine correlations between traits and binocular field characteristics, using unidimensional and morphometric approaches. We found that foraging behaviour influenced three parameters of binocular field size: maximum binocular field width, vertical binocular field extent, and angular separation between the eye-bill projection and the direction of maximum binocular field width. Foraging behaviour and body mass each influenced two descriptors of binocular field shape. Phylogenetic relatedness had minimal influence on binocular field size and shape, apart from vertical binocular field extent. Binocular field differences are associated with specific foraging behaviours, as related to the perceptual challenges of obtaining different food items from aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Topics: Animals; Ducks; Geese; Vision, Binocular; Phylogeny; Anseriformes
PubMed: 37670586
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1213 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Cyclonic Storms; Corneal Diseases; Slit Lamp; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cysts
PubMed: 37652789
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.03.033 -
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) Jan 2024To determine the utility of ultra-widefield (UWF) imaging in detecting pathologic peripheral retinal tears and holes. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
To determine the utility of ultra-widefield (UWF) imaging in detecting pathologic peripheral retinal tears and holes.
METHODS
This was a retrospective, observational study. One-hundred ninety-eight eyes of 198 patients diagnosed with acute posterior vitreous detachment were included. Eyes were divided into two groups: 89 eyes with peripheral retinal holes and tears treated with laser retinopexy (treatment group) and 109 control eyes. Patients underwent UWF imaging and indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression. UWF images from both groups were reviewed by two blinded graders and then compared with funduscopic examination and medical records.
RESULTS
UWF imaging identified 60 of the 89 eyes (sensitivity of 67.4%) found to have treatment-requiring peripheral retinal lesions and 107 of the 109 control eyes (specificity of 98.2%).The distribution of misses based on octant location did reach statistical significance ( P = 0.004). Lesions anterior to the equator were more likely to be missed (21/41 eyes, 51.2%) compared with those located posterior to the equator (4/20 eyes, 25.0%) and at the equator (4/28, 14.3%), P = 0.002. The combined discordance rate between graders in the entire cohort was 12.1% (24/198 eyes) yielding an interrater agreement of 87.9%.
CONCLUSION
UWF imaging showed a moderate sensitivity and high specificity in detecting treatment-requiring retinal tears and holes, with high interrater agreement. Given there is only a moderate sensitivity in identifying treatment-requiring retinal tears and holes, UWF imaging can assist with clinical examination, but a 360-degree scleral depressed examination should remain the gold standard.
Topics: Humans; Diagnostic Imaging; Ophthalmoscopes; Ophthalmoscopy; Retina; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37651732
DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003918