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Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi =... May 2024The World Health Organization (WHO) released the Global Health Sector Strategy 2016, which explicitly proposes a 90% reduction in the new hepatitis B virus (HBV)...
The World Health Organization (WHO) released the Global Health Sector Strategy 2016, which explicitly proposes a 90% reduction in the new hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate and a 65% reduction in HBV-related mortality by 2030. However, at present, there are still 296 million chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients worldwide, and nearly 900,000 patients die every year from cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by HBV infection. Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus infection can effectively inhibit HBV replication, reduce liver inflammation and necrosis, effectively block and reverse liver fibrosis, and even early cirrhosis, thereby lowering cirrhosis-related complications, liver cancer, and liver disease-related mortality. Although the domestic and foreign guidelines have gradually eased antiviral treatment indications for chronic hepatitis B, there are still a considerable number of chronic hepatitis B patients with nonconformity who cannot receive antiviral treatment because they do not meet the existing standards, resulting in the progression of more severe diseases. This study analyzed the prevalence of hepatitis B, the therapeutic effect of antiviral drugs, domestic and international guideline treatment standards, the assessment of key indicators changes in the guidelines, comprehensively considered the coverage rate and treatment standards for antiviral treatment, and explored the changes in disease burden and cost-effectiveness following increasing the coverage rate and reducing treatment thresholds in order to achieve the global strategic goal of eliminating hepatitis B as soon as possible as a public health threat.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Antiviral Agents; Hepatitis B virus
PubMed: 38858190
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240414-00204 -
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi =... May 2024Hepatitis B is mostly a chronic, progressive disease that, if not treated promptly and effectively, can slowly progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular...
Hepatitis B is mostly a chronic, progressive disease that, if not treated promptly and effectively, can slowly progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, antiviral therapy, i.e., a "complete therapy" strategy, should be started as long as the virus is positive. Immediate antiviral treatment is not recommended for infected patients who are only in the immune-tolerant phase, mainly because of the milder conditions and poor antiviral therapy efficacy, according to antiviral indications in China's Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (2022 Version). The relevant issues of why hepatitis B virus infection in the immune-tolerant phase is the last mile of "complete therapy," with an emphasis on the disease's characteristics and antiviral treatment strategies, are discussed here.
Topics: Humans; Antiviral Agents; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Immune Tolerance; Hepatitis B
PubMed: 38858188
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240428-00233 -
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi =... May 2024Diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children is a hotspot of concern in the field of HBV infection. This article reviews the current status... (Review)
Review
Diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children is a hotspot of concern in the field of HBV infection. This article reviews the current status and progress of antiviral treatment for children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in recent years, focusing on clinical issues such as the choice of antiviral treatment regimen for children with HBeAg-positive CHB (immune-clearance phase), the necessity of antiviral treatment for children with HBeAg-positive HBV infection (immune-tolerance phase), and the timing of antiviral treatment for infants with HBV infection, to explore the relevant factors that may affect the clinical cure of children with CHB. At the same time, based on the expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of children with CHB just published by Chinese experts, relevant diagnosis and treatment plans are proposed, with a view to providing reference and basis for clinical decision-making in children with CHB.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Antiviral Agents; Child; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Infant; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38858187
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240408-00181 -
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi =... May 2024The previous treatment criteria for chronic hepatitis B were based on the risk of complications occurring. International guidelines recommended treating only high-risk...
The previous treatment criteria for chronic hepatitis B were based on the risk of complications occurring. International guidelines recommended treating only high-risk patients who developed complications, which was called the "treat only if..." strategy. Later, it was found that 33.5%~64.0% of the cases that developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) did not meet the treatment criteria of international guidelines, suggesting that the treatment criteria for chronic hepatitis B need to be expanded. Following this, the "treat only if..." strategy was replaced by the "treat all except..." strategy. The latter is to treat all except patients at very low risk of complications. The proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis B who meet this strategy has risen from 10.3% to 26.5%~33.9%, but it is still far from the World Health Organization's proposed treatment target of 80%. Therefore, in an attempt to achieve the goal of eliminating hepatitis B by 2030, a "treat all" strategy has been proposed, wherein all chronic hepatitis B patients who test positive for HBV DNA should be treated as early as possible.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Antiviral Agents; Liver Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Hepatitis B virus
PubMed: 38858186
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240411-00194 -
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi =... May 2024The global chronic hepatitis B (CHB) guidelines have gradually expanded treatment indications in order to accelerate the elimination and improve the treatment rate of...
The global chronic hepatitis B (CHB) guidelines have gradually expanded treatment indications in order to accelerate the elimination and improve the treatment rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This article analyzes the new treatment concepts for chronic hepatitis B at home and abroad from two aspects: expanding treatment by paying more attention to the long-term prognosis of the disease and maximizing the use of existing drugs in order to achieve the early goal of the World Health Organization's of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Antiviral Agents; Hepatitis B virus; World Health Organization
PubMed: 38858185
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240410-00190 -
Chemical Biology & Drug Design Jun 2024To explore the anti-tumor and anti-virus key active ingredients of Sini Decoction Plus Ginseng Soup (SNRS) and their mechanisms.
BACKGROUND
To explore the anti-tumor and anti-virus key active ingredients of Sini Decoction Plus Ginseng Soup (SNRS) and their mechanisms.
METHODS
The main ingredients of SNRS were analyzed by network pharmacology, and quercetin was identified as the key active ingredient. Then, we obtained the targets of quercetin by using Drugbank, PharmMapper, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Then, the targets of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-related HCC) were obtained by using Genecards database. In addition, using the gene expression profiles of HBV-related HCC patients in GEO database and the genes with the greatest survival difference in GEPIA 2 database identified the potential targets of quercetin. In addition, the mechanism of potential genes was studied through GO, KEGG analysis, and PPI network. Using AUC and survival analysis to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and CCNB1. Finally, the effects of quercetin on proliferation of Hep3B and HepG2215 cells and the level of CDK1 and CCNB1 were verified in vitro. ELISA was used to measure the expression levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) after the intervention by quercetin for 24 h and 48 h in HepG2215 cell.
RESULTS
The first 10 key ingredients of SNRS were identified, and quercetin was the most key ingredient. The 101 potential quercetin targets were identified for the treatment of HBV-related HCC. GO and KEGG showed that 101 potential target enrichment in cancer and cell cycle regulation. By Venn analysis, CDK1 and CCNB1 were intersection targets, which could be used as potential targets for the action of quercetin on HBV-related HCC. Moreover, the expression of CDK1 and CCNB1 was highly expressed in the high-risk group, while the OS rate was low. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year area under the curve (AUC) curves of CDK1 and CCNB1 were 0.724, 0.676, 0.622 and 0.745, 0.678, 0.634, respectively. Moreover, experimental results also showed that quercetin inhibited cell proliferation and reduced CDK1 expression in Hep3B and HepG2215 cells. The expressions of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2215 cell supernatant and cell gradually decreased with the increase of intervention time of quercetin and CDK1 inhibitor.
CONCLUSIONS
Quercetin is a key ingredient of anti-HBV-related HCC activity and inhibits HBV replication in SNRS by inhibiting CDK1.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; CDC2 Protein Kinase; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cyclin B1; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hep G2 Cells; Hepatitis B virus; Liver Neoplasms; Panax; Quercetin; Virus Replication
PubMed: 38858165
DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14567 -
Infection, Genetics and Evolution :... Aug 2024Hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae and is the smallest human DNA virus, with a genome that is only 3200 nucleotides long. The absence of... (Review)
Review
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae and is the smallest human DNA virus, with a genome that is only 3200 nucleotides long. The absence of proofreading function in HBV reverse transcriptase provides a wide range of genetic variants for targeted outgrowth at different stages of infection. A number of sub genotypes and ten HBV genotypes (A through J) have been identified through analyses of the divergence of HBV genomic sequences. Numerous clinical outcomes, including the emergence of chronicity, the course of the disease, the effectiveness of treatment, and the response to vaccination, have been related to differences in genotype between HBV isolates. There are just seven studies that have been done in Ethiopia that examine the molecular epidemiology of HBV. Moreover, these studies haven't been compiled and reviewed yet. In this review, we looked at the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of HBV, the relationship between HBV genotypes and clinical outcomes, the immunopathogenesis of HBV, and finally the molecular epidemiology of HBV in Ethiopia. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar search engines were used to find relevant articles for the review. By using HBV genotyping, clinicians can better tailor vaccination decisions and antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B who are more likely to experience the disease's progression.
Topics: Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Ethiopia; Molecular Epidemiology; Genotype; Hepatitis B; Genetic Variation; Phylogeny
PubMed: 38857639
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105618 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Jun 2024Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) refers to the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum or liver of individuals who tested negative for HBV surface antigen... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) refers to the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum or liver of individuals who tested negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). This study aimed to determine seropositivity for antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) and the frequency of OBI among the HBsAg non-reactive blood donors in Mashhad, northeastern Iran.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, serum samples of HBsAg-negative blood donors were examined for anti-HBc during June and August 2018. Anti-HBc-positive samples were tested for antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs), and those with negative results were classified as isolated anti-HBc cases. The presence of HBV DNA in the C, S, and X gene regions was assessed by a qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method in all HBsAg-negative samples. OBI subjects were detected by the presence of at least one HBV genomic region.
RESULTS
Of 540 HBsAg-negative donors, 29 (5.4%; 95% confidence interval: 3.6-7.6%) showed seroreactivity for anti-HBc, of whom 18 individuals were also seropositive for anti-HBs. All donors showed negative results for all three HBV genes regardless of their serum anti-HBc status.
CONCLUSION
Based on our findings, we suggest routine screening of Iranian blood donation volunteers for serum anti-HBc and anti-HBs but not HBV DNA.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Iran; Blood Donors; DNA, Viral; Adult; Male; Hepatitis B Antibodies; Hepatitis B; Female; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B Core Antigens; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Prevalence; Adolescent
PubMed: 38855800
DOI: 10.34172/aim.28579 -
PloS One 2024As adoptive cellular therapies become more commonplace in cancer care, there is a growing need to monitor site-specific localization of engineered cells-such as chimeric...
As adoptive cellular therapies become more commonplace in cancer care, there is a growing need to monitor site-specific localization of engineered cells-such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and T-cell receptor T (TCR-T) cells-in patients' tissues to understand treatment effectiveness as well as associated adverse events. Manufacturing CAR-T and TCR-T cells involves transduction with viral vectors commonly containing the WPRE gene sequence to enhance gene expression, providing a viable assay target unique to these engineered cells. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is currently used clinically in fresh patient tissue samples and blood with target sequences specific to each immunotherapy product. Herein, we developed a WPRE-targeted qPCR assay that is broadly applicable for detection of engineered cell products in both fresh and archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues. Using both traditional PCR and SYBR Green PCR protocols, we demonstrate the use of this WPRE-targeted assay to successfully detect two CAR-T cell and two TCR-T cell products in FFPE tissue. Standard curve analysis reported a reproducible limit of detection at 100 WPRE copies per 20μL PCR reaction. This novel and inexpensive technique could provide better understanding of tissue abundance of engineered therapeutic T cells in both tumor and second-site toxicity tissues and provide quantitative assessment of immune effector cell trafficking in archival tissue.
Topics: Humans; Formaldehyde; Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen; T-Lymphocytes; Tissue Fixation; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 38843256
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303057 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Jun 2024As an important protein encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV), HBV X protein (HBx) plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been...
As an important protein encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV), HBV X protein (HBx) plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been shown that seven in absentia homologue 1 (SIAH1) could regulates the degradation of HBx through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. However, as a member of SIAH family, the regulatory effects of SIAH2 on HBx remain unclear. In this study, we first confirmed that SIAH2 could reduce the protein levels of HBx depending on its E3 ligase activity. Moreover, SIAH2 interacted with HBx and induced its K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, we provided evidence that SIAH2 inhibits HBx-associated HCC cells proliferation by regulating HBx. In conclusion, our study identified a novel role for SIAH2 in promoting HBx degradation and SIAH2 exerts an inhibitory effect in the proliferation of HBx-associated HCC through inducing the degradation of HBx. Our study provides a new idea for the targeted degradation of HBx and may have great huge significance into providing novel evidence for the targeted therapy of HBV-infected HCC.
Topics: Humans; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Trans-Activators; Ubiquitination; Liver Neoplasms; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Cell Proliferation; Nuclear Proteins; Proteolysis; Hepatitis B virus; Cell Line, Tumor; Signal Transduction; Hep G2 Cells
PubMed: 38842124
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18484