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Gerontology Jun 2024To examine the incidence and progression of foot osteoarthritis (OA), as well as associated factors, in a community-based cohort.
INTRODUCTION
To examine the incidence and progression of foot osteoarthritis (OA), as well as associated factors, in a community-based cohort.
METHODS
Baseline (2013-2015) and follow-up (2016-2018) foot radiographs were available for 541 participants (71% women, mean age 69 years; 35% Black, 53% with obesity). The LaTrobe Foot Atlas was used to examine osteophytes (OP, score 0-3) and joint space narrowing (JSN, score 0-3) at 5 joint sites. Incident foot radiographic OA (rOA) was a baseline score <2 OP and JSN in all 5 joints with ≥2 OP or JSN at follow-up in any of the joints. Progression was a worsening OP or JSN score in a joint with baseline foot rOA. At baseline and follow-up, participants reported presence/absence of foot symptoms and completed the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) for each foot. Joint-based logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) of foot rOA incidence and progression and with covariates.
RESULTS
Among 928 feet without baseline rOA, 4% developed incident foot rOA (2% of those developed symptoms). Among 154 feet with baseline foot rOA, 55% had radiographic progression (16% of those had symptoms). Women and those with higher body mass index (BMI) were more likely to have incident foot rOA (aOR [95% CI] = 4.10 [1.22, 13.8] and 1.60 [1.31, 1.97], respectively); history of gout was associated with incidence or progression of foot rOA (2.75 [1.24, 6.07]. BMI was associated with worse scores on all FAOS subscale (aORs range 1.21-1.40).
CONCLUSION
Progression of foot rOA is common but not necessarily related to worsening symptoms. BMI may be a modifiable risk factor for foot OA.
PubMed: 38934139
DOI: 10.1159/000539908 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024The reconstruction of past life based on archaeozoology is a challenging domain that offers a range of valuable details concerning former human and animal populations....
The reconstruction of past life based on archaeozoology is a challenging domain that offers a range of valuable details concerning former human and animal populations. Additionally, the ancient era is a source of information for human and veterinary medicine, as well as for other biological sciences. This report highlights a pathological lesion identified during the investigation of a horse skeleton from a pit dated La Tène in Alba County (Romania). The left scapula with lesions was collected from the skeleton of a buried 7-8-year-old male horse. The aforementioned bone underwent gross, radiological, and computerized tomography evaluation. Macroscopically, a collar of supraarticular cancellous hyperostosis was detected, most likely as a consequence of an invasive chronic phlegmonous periarthritis and/or bursitis of the infraspinate muscle following probably a penetrating cutaneous wound in the shoulder region. A suppurative periarthritis\bursitis of the infraspinate muscle situated nearby caused, apparently, supraglenoidian periosteitis responsible for osteophytes and exostoses formation in the neck region of the scapula.
PubMed: 38929394
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121775 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in osteoarthritis (OA). We previously reported the inhibitory effect of bevacizumab in a rabbit...
Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in osteoarthritis (OA). We previously reported the inhibitory effect of bevacizumab in a rabbit model of OA. In the current study, we investigated the effects of lenvatinib, an angiogenesis inhibitor targeting the VEGF and fibroblast growth factor receptors, on synovitis, osteophyte formation, and cartilage degeneration in a rabbit OA model. Posttraumatic OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) on one knee of each rabbit. Rabbits were placed into four groups according to the following lenvatinib doses: untreated control ( = 12), L0.3: 0.3 mg/kg/day ( = 15), L1.0: 1.0 mg/kg/day ( = 14), and L3.0: 3.0 mg/kg/day ( = 13) groups. We evaluated limb pain using the weight distribution ratio measured with an incapacitance tester, macroscopic osteophyte formation, and femoral condyle synovium and cartilage histology. For cartilage evaluation, the following distal sites of the femur were evaluated separately: femoral-tibial (FT), femoral-patellar (FP), and femoral corner (between FP and FT). The weight distribution ratio at 12 weeks after surgery was higher in the L0.3 and L1.0 groups than in the control group. Osteophyte formation and synovitis scores were significantly lower in the L0.3, L1.0, and L3.0 groups than in the control group. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores of the FT, corner, and FP sites in the L0.3 group were lower than in the control group. The cartilage thickness ratio at the FT and corner sites was significantly lower in the L0.3 group than in the control group. Krenn's grading system of cartilage synovitis showed that all lenvatinib-administered groups had significantly lower scores than the control group. MMP3 expression level in cartilage tissue was significantly lower in the L3.0 group compared with the other three groups. ADAMTS5 expression was lower in the L3.0 group compared with the control and L0.3 groups. Oral administration of lenvatinib inhibited synovitis, osteophyte formation, and cartilage degeneration and reduced pain in a rabbit ACLT model. Lenvatinib is an oral VEGF inhibitor that is easier to administer than other VEGF inhibitors and may have potential as a treatment of posttraumatic OA.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Quinolines; Phenylurea Compounds; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Synovitis; Cartilage, Articular; Osteophyte; Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 38928219
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126514 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Jun 2024To investigate the physicochemical properties, osteogenic properties, and osteogenic ability in rabbit model of femoral condylar defect of acellular dermal matrix...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the physicochemical properties, osteogenic properties, and osteogenic ability in rabbit model of femoral condylar defect of acellular dermal matrix (ADM)/dicalcium phosphate (DCP) composite scaffold.
METHODS
ADM/DCP composite scaffolds were prepared by microfibril technique, and the acellular effect of ADM/DCP composite scaffolds was detected by DNA residue, fat content, and α-1,3-galactosyle (α-Gal) epitopes; the microstructure of scaffolds was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry; X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the change of crystal form of scaffold; the solubility of scaffolds was used to detect the pH value and calcium ion content of the solution; the mineralization experiment was used to observe the surface mineralization. Twelve healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were selected to prepare the femoral condylar defect models, and the left and right defects were implanted with ADM/DCP composite scaffold (experimental group) and skeletal gold artificial bone repair material (control group), respectively. Gross observation was performed at 6 and 12 weeks after operation; Micro-CT was used to detect and quantitatively analyze the related indicators [bone volume (BV), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), bone mineral density (BMD)], and HE staining and Masson staining were performed to observe the repair of bone defects and the maturation of bone matrix.
RESULTS
Gross observation showed that the ADM/DCP composite scaffold was a white spongy solid. Compared with ADM, ADM/DCP composite scaffolds showed a significant decrease in DNA residue, fat content, and α-Gal antigen content ( <0.05). Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the ADM/DCP composite scaffold had a porous structure, and DCP particles were attached to the porcine dermal fibers. The porosity of the ADM/DCP composite scaffold was 76.32%±1.63% measured by mercury porosimetry. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline phase of DCP in the ADM/DCP composite scaffolds remained intact. Mineralization results showed that the hydroxyapatite layer of ADM/DCP composite scaffolds was basically mature. The repair experiment of rabbit femoral condyle defect showed that the incision healed completely after operation without callus or osteophyte. Micro-CT showed that bone healing was complete and a large amount of new bone tissue was generated in the defect site of the two groups, and there was no difference in density between the defect site and the surrounding bone tissue, and the osteogenic properties of the two groups were equivalent. There was no significant difference in BV, BV/TV, BS/BV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, and BMD between the two groups ( >0.05), except that the Tb.Sp in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( <0.05). At 6 and 12 weeks after operation, HE staining and Masson staining showed that the new bone and autogenous bone fused well in both groups, and the bone tissue tended to be mature.
CONCLUSION
The ADM/DCP composite scaffold has good biocompatibility and osteogenic ability similar to the artificial bone material in repairing rabbit femoral condylar defects. It is a new scaffold material with potential in the field of bone repair.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Calcium Phosphates; Male; Tissue Scaffolds; Tissue Engineering; Acellular Dermis; Bone Regeneration; Osteogenesis; Bone Substitutes; Biocompatible Materials; Femur; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38918199
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202403059 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Jun 2024Several tissues contribute to the onset and advancement of knee osteoarthritis (OA). One tissue type that is worthy of closer evaluation, particularly in the context of...
BACKGROUND
Several tissues contribute to the onset and advancement of knee osteoarthritis (OA). One tissue type that is worthy of closer evaluation, particularly in the context of sex, is the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). We previously demonstrated that removal of the IFP had short-term beneficial effects for a cohort of male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs. The present project was designed to elucidate the influence of IFP removal in females of this OA-prone strain. It was hypothesized that resection of the IFP would reduce the development of OA in knees of a rodent model predisposed to the disease.
METHODS
Female guinea pigs (n=16) were acquired at an age of 2.5 months. Surgical removal of the IFP and associated synovium complex (IFP/SC) was executed at 3 months of age. One knee had the IFP/SC resected; a comparable sham surgery was performed on the contralateral knee. All animals were subjected to voluntary enclosure monitoring and dynamic weight-bearing, as well as compulsory treadmill-based gait analysis monthly; baseline data was collected prior to surgery. Guinea pigs were euthanized at 7 months. Knees from eight animals were evaluated via histology, mRNA expression, and immunohistochemistry (IHC); knees from the remaining eight animals were allocated to microcomputed tomography (microCT), biomechanical analyses (whole joint testing and indentation relaxation testing), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).
RESULTS
Fibrous connective tissue (FCT) replaced the IFP/SC. Mobility/gait data indicated that unilateral IFP/SC removal did not affect bilateral hindlimb movement. MicroCT demonstrated that osteophytes were not a significant feature of OA in this sex; however, trabecular thickness (TbTh) in medial femorae decreased in knees containing the FCT. Histopathology scores were predominantly influenced by changes in the lateral tibia, which demonstrated that histologic signs of OA were increased in knees containing the native IFP/SC versus those with the FCT. Similarly, indentation testing demonstrated higher instantaneous and equilibrium moduli in the lateral tibial articular cartilage of control knees with native IFPs. AAS of multiple tissue types associated with the knee revealed that zinc was the major trace element influenced by removal of the IFP/SC.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that the IFP/SC is a significant component driving knee OA in female guinea pigs and that resection of this tissue prior to disease has short-term benefits. Specifically, the formation of the FCT in place of the native tissue resulted in decreased cartilage-related OA changes, as demonstrated by reduced Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histology scores, as well as changes in transcript, protein, and cartilage indentation analyses. Importantly, this model provides evidence that sex needs to be considered when investigating responses and associated mechanisms seen with this intervention.
PubMed: 38911554
DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1886 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by osteophyte formation, cartilage degradation, and structural and cellular alterations of the... (Review)
Review
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by osteophyte formation, cartilage degradation, and structural and cellular alterations of the synovial membrane. Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of the synovial membrane have been identified as key drivers, secreting humoral mediators that maintain inflammatory processes, proteases that cause cartilage and bone destruction, and factors that drive fibrotic processes. In normal tissue repair, fibrotic processes are terminated after the damage has been repaired. In fibrosis, tissue remodeling and wound healing are exaggerated and prolonged. Various stressors, including aging, joint instability, and inflammation, lead to structural damage of the joint and micro lesions within the synovial tissue. One result is the reduced production of synovial fluid (lubricants), which reduces the lubricity of the cartilage areas, leading to cartilage damage. In the synovial tissue, a wound-healing cascade is initiated by activating macrophages, Th2 cells, and FLS. The latter can be divided into two major populations. The destructive thymocyte differentiation antigen (THY)1 phenotype is restricted to the synovial lining layer. In contrast, the THY1 phenotype of the sublining layer is classified as an invasive one with immune effector function driving synovitis. The exact mechanisms involved in the transition of fibroblasts into a myofibroblast-like phenotype that drives fibrosis remain unclear. The review provides an overview of the phenotypes and spatial distribution of FLS in the synovial membrane of OA, describes the mechanisms of fibroblast into myofibroblast activation, and the metabolic alterations of myofibroblast-like cells.
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis; Fibroblasts; Animals; Phenotype; Fibrosis; Synoviocytes; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 38895122
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385006 -
Hand Surgery & Rehabilitation Apr 2024Mucous cyst is a benign but recurrent lesion. It is located on the dorsal surface of the digital extremity between the distal interphalangeal joint and the base of the... (Review)
Review
Mucous cyst is a benign but recurrent lesion. It is located on the dorsal surface of the digital extremity between the distal interphalangeal joint and the base of the nail. The nail is often affected by the cyst because of its topographical proximity. Nail plate deformity may even be the first obvious abnormality indicating the presence of a small mucous cyst or subungual cyst. Mucous cyst is associated with osteoarthritis of the joint, osteophytes probably being the main contributing factor. Surgical treatment by joint debridement and cyst removal is the most effective way of preventing recurrence.
Topics: Humans; Debridement; Mucocele; Nail Diseases; Cysts; Fingers; Finger Joint
PubMed: 38879230
DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2024.101655 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative process of the cervical spine characterized by pain in neck, degenerative changes in intervertebral disc and osteophyte... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative process of the cervical spine characterized by pain in neck, degenerative changes in intervertebral disc and osteophyte formation. Cervical spondylosis is translated as Waja' ur Raqaba, a type of joint pain. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of wet cupping in the pain management of cervical spondylosis.
METHODS
This Open, randomized, controlled, clinical study was conducted on 44 patients. Subjects in the test group (n = 22) received a series of three-staged wet cupping treatment, performed on 0, 7th and 14th day. Subjects in the control group (n = 22) received 12 sittings of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): 6 sittings per week for two weeks. The objective findings of treatment were assessed with the help of VAS, Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Cervical range of motion.
RESULTS
Intra group comparison in test group from baseline to 21st day were found highly significant (p < 0.001) in terms of VAS, NDI, Flexion, Extension and Left rotation score. While in Right rotation, Left rotation and Left lateral flexion score were found moderately significant (p < 0.01). Statistically significant difference was observed between two groups at 21st day in VAS scale, NDI, and Cervical range of motion score (p < 0.001).
INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION
Ḥijāma Bish Sharṭ was found better in the management of pain due to cervical spondylosis than TENS. It can be concluded that Ḥijāma Bish Sharṭ may a better option for the pain management of cervical spondylosis.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
The trial was registered on clinical trial registry website (www.ctri.nic.in) bearing a CTRI Number, CTRI/2020/03/024,249.
Topics: Humans; Spondylosis; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Neck Pain; Range of Motion, Articular; Cupping Therapy; Pain Measurement; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Pain Management; Cervical Vertebrae
PubMed: 38876616
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.044 -
Spine Surgery and Related Research May 2024In this study, we aim to describe the radiological characteristics of degenerative cervical kyphosis (DCK) with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and discuss the...
INTRODUCTION
In this study, we aim to describe the radiological characteristics of degenerative cervical kyphosis (DCK) with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and discuss the relationship between DCK and the pathogenesis of spinal cord dysfunction.
METHODS
In total, 90 patients with CSM hospitalized in our center from September 2017 to August 2022 were retrospectively examined in this study; they were then divided into the kyphosis group and the nonkyphosis group. The patients' demographics, clinical features, and radiological data were obtained, including gender, age, duration of illness, cervical Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, cervical lordosis (CL), height of intervertebral space, degree of wedging vertebral body, degree of osteophyte formation, degree of disc herniation, degree of spinal cord compression, and anteroposterior diameter of the spinal cord. In the kyphosis group, kyphotic segments, apex of kyphosis, and segmental kyphosis angle were recorded. Radiological characteristics between the two groups were also compared. Correlation analysis was performed for different spinal cord compression types.
RESULTS
As per our findings, the patients in the kyphosis group showed more remarkable wedging of the vertebral body, more severe anterior compression of the spinal cord, and a higher degree of disc herniation, while the posterior compression of the spinal cord was relatively mild when compared with the nonkyphosis group. CL was related to the type of spinal cord compression, as cervical kyphosis is an independent risk factor for anterior spinal cord compression.
CONCLUSIONS
DCK might play a vital role in the pathogenesis of spinal cord dysfunction. In patients with DCK, it was determined that the anterior column is less supported, and more severe anterior spinal cord compression is present. The anterior approach is supposed to be preferred for CSM patients with DCK.
PubMed: 38868791
DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2023-0236 -
Cureus Jun 2024Background Although the correlation between reduced skin thickness and reduced bone density has been investigated, no study has evaluated skin thickness and...
Background Although the correlation between reduced skin thickness and reduced bone density has been investigated, no study has evaluated skin thickness and osteoproliferative diseases, including ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Methodology This retrospective cohort study consisted of 99 consecutive patients aged ≥60 years treated for spinal surgery at our hospital between January 2022 and March 2023. Skin thickness was measured at the dorsal side of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae on the sagittal cross-section image of whole-spine CT. Based on the median value, skin thickness was categorized into two groups based on a median thickness of 4 mm. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed. The sum of the vertebral body and intervertebral bridging osteophytes of the anterior longitudinal and posterior longitudinal ligament were defined as the OALL index and OPLL index. Serum levels of bone metabolism-related markers, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b, procollagen I N-propeptide, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and periostin, were measured. To assess the association between skin thickness and imaging findings, we calculated the adjusted odds ratios, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) and using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results No significant differences were found in skin thickness in the three dorsal regions of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine (median = 3.3 mm versus 3.5 mm versus 3.4 mm, p = 0.357) and bone metabolism-related markers. Adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, cervical, thoracic, and lumbar skin thicknesses were related to DISH, the OPLL index, and the OPLL and OPLL index, respectively. Conclusions Skin thickness did not correlate with BMD but with the amount of spinal ossification. A correlation was found between skin thickness and vertebral and intervertebral ossification; vertebral osteophytes, OPLL, and DISH may be more common in thicker skin.
PubMed: 38868545
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62235