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Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Laparoscopy; Gastrectomy; Gastric Fistula; Treatment Outcome; Female; Surgical Instruments; Middle Aged; Adult; Male; Obesity, Morbid
PubMed: 38944857
DOI: 10.15403/jgld-5511 -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Jul 2024Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There has been rising... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There has been rising burden of childhood and adolescent obesity in most developing countries in recent years. Changes in dietary habits, junk and fast food, physical inactivity and smoking habits increases among adolescent students, which causes obesity and simultaneously increases risk of metabolic diseases. The objective of the study is to determine the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and lipid profile among adolescent students of Bangladesh. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 79 undergraduate healthy adolescent students, aged 10-18 years who were selected through purposive sampling. The study was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023 in urban and rural areas of Dhaka, Narayanganj and Rangpur. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Correlation of dyslipidemia and BMI was analyzed by Pearson Coefficient. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 with level of statistical significance at p<0.05. Mean age of the respondents was 14.9±4.5 years. Male and female ratio was 2.16:1. Among respondents, 46.8% had BMI 18.5-23.0 (normal), 31.6% had BMI 23.1-25.0 (overweight) and 21.5% had BMI >25.0 (obese). Prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 34.1%. Overweight and obese respondents had raised total cholesterol (TC) level 209.51±48.6 mg/dl and 218.36±80.0 mg/dl respectively. Mean high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was 38.91±10.51 mg/dl in overweight and 36.54±10.04 mg/dl in obese. Mean low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was 135.23±44.5 mg/dl in overweight and 143.61±56.0 mg/dl in obese. Among obese cases, 94.1% respondents had borderline triglyceride (TG) with mean 164.46±111.0 mg/dl. Among the study respondents, overweight and obesity (higher BMI) tend to have abnormal lipid profile. It is recommended that assessment of BMI should be incorporated into school health programme and those with overweight and obesity should be subjected to routine lipogram in order to apply timely preventive as well as therapeutic measures to save lives.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Male; Female; Bangladesh; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Child; Dyslipidemias; Students; Lipids; Pediatric Obesity; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 38944735
DOI: No ID Found -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Jul 2024Obesity and hypothyroidism are interlinked. In this prospective study, 142 children and adolescents (mean age 140±34 months, girls 54.2%) either with obesity or...
Obesity and hypothyroidism are interlinked. In this prospective study, 142 children and adolescents (mean age 140±34 months, girls 54.2%) either with obesity or overweight were included from the patients attending at the Endocrine out-patient clinic of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital during a period from March, 2017 to February, 2020 and were assessed for thyroid function. Among them, 85 were obese (Body mass index, BMI >95th percentile), 29 were overweight (BMI between 85th to 95th percentile) and 28 had normal weight (BMI <85th percentile). Girls were more frequent in obese (57.6%) and overweight (51.7%) groups than boys. Mean TSH was not significantly different among the three groups (3.39 vs. 4.01 vs. 4.06mIU/L; p=0.248). Subclinical hypothyroidism was present in 22 cases (15.5%); the frequencies were 3.6% in Group 1, 17.2% in Group 2 and 18.8% in Group 3. Both overweight and obese groups had significantly (p<0.005) higher prevalence of SCH than the normal-weight group. Girls were more frequently affected than boys (72.7% vs. 27.3%, p=0.047). Among the 22 children who had SCH, 2(9.1%) had a mild goiter and higher serum levels of anti-TPO and anti-TG. Serum TSH had no correlations with age, body weight, height, BMI and serum FT₄. The findings indicate that a substantial portion of over weight and obese children and adolescents have SCH and the causes other than thyroid autoimmunity are more prevalent in them.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Child; Hypothyroidism; Bangladesh; Adolescent; Prospective Studies; Pediatric Obesity; Body Mass Index; Prevalence; Overweight; Obesity; Thyrotropin
PubMed: 38944727
DOI: No ID Found -
Ecology of Food and Nutrition Jun 2024We examined rural and urban prevalence and correlates of overweight/obesity among women of reproductive age using survey data from Nigeria. Overweight and obesity...
Rural-Urban Divide in the Prevalence and Correlates of Overweight and Obesity Among Women of Reproductive Age in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Data.
We examined rural and urban prevalence and correlates of overweight/obesity among women of reproductive age using survey data from Nigeria. Overweight and obesity prevalence increased from 16.1% and 6.1% in 2008 to 18.2% and 10.0% in 2018, while underweight prevalence consistently averaged at 12%. Regardless of the residential setting, age, marital status, education, occupation, wealth, and year were associated with higher risk of overweight/obesity, whereas breastfeeding showed a protective effect. Unique risk factors for overweight/obesity in urban areas were higher parity and female-headed households, while ethnicity, media exposure, and state of residence were unique risk factors in rural areas.
PubMed: 38944041
DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2024.2373227 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024This pilot study evaluated the impact of pistachio consumption on cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults. Pistachios were characterized (chemical and...
This pilot study evaluated the impact of pistachio consumption on cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults. Pistachios were characterized (chemical and nutraceutical), and a baseline-final, uncontrolled nutritional intervention was performed (28 g of pistachio/28 days). Psychometric tests were applied to estimate cognitive performance and mood; anthropometric evaluation, biochemical analysis, and plasma antioxidant activity were included. The main component of nuts was lipids (48.1%). Pistachios consumption significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced waist circumference (-1.47 cm), total cholesterol (-10.21 mg/dL), LDL (-6.57 mg/dL), and triglycerides (-21.07 mg/dL), and increased plasma antioxidant activity. Pistachio supplementation improved risk tolerance (p ≤ 0.006) and decision-making strategy (p ≤ 0.002; BART-task), executive functions (BCST-task; p ≤ 0.006), and selective and sustained attention (Go/No-Go-test; p ≤ 0.016). The mood state was positively modulated (p ≤ 0.05) for anxiety, anger-hostility, and sadness-depression. These results show for the first time the benefits of pistachio consumption on cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults.
PubMed: 38943918
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140211 -
BMC Public Health Jun 2024Childhood obesity is increasingly recognized as a major public health challenge worldwide, and excessive sedentary screen time is emerging as a key risk factor. This...
BACKGROUND
Childhood obesity is increasingly recognized as a major public health challenge worldwide, and excessive sedentary screen time is emerging as a key risk factor. This study aimed to assess the recreational screen sedentary time of Chinese primary school-aged children and investigate the relationship between screen-related family factors and the outcome variable.
METHODS
Our study used data from a cross-sectional survey collected from fifth-grade students and their parents in Beijing, China, from April to May 2018 (n = 2,373). The questions included basic demographic information, family socioeconomic status, students' and parents' sedentary and exercising habits, within-family communicational factors, and health belief patterns. The recreational screen sedentary time of the children was compared across demographic groups. The study employed multivariate linear regression models to examine associations between children's screen time and various family factors, as well as the moderating effect of overall family communication.
RESULTS
Our findings revealed an average daily recreational screen sedentary time of 2.4 h among participants. Screen time significantly varied across demographic categories, including children's sex, age, residence, parents' education, household income, family size, and primary family member. After adjustment, the proportion of child-owned digital devices (p < 0.01), child's personal room (p < 0.05), family screen-viewing together (p < 0.01), and parental screen time (p < 0.01) were positively related to children's recreational sedentary screen time. Parental restrictions on screen time (p < 0.001) and attitudes toward reducing sitting time (p < 0.01) were correlated with a decrease in children's screen time. The overall family communication environment significantly moderated the effects of parental practice of restricting children's screen time (p < 0.001), positive reinforcement by parents (p < 0.05), and parents' recreational sedentary screen time (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings underscored the significance of family dynamics, parental practices, and communication in shaping children's screen time behaviors, providing valuable insights for tailored interventions and strategies to reduce childhood obesity.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Screen Time; Male; Female; Sedentary Behavior; Child; Communication; China; Beijing; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Surveys and Questionnaires; Exercise
PubMed: 38943094
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19128-y -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jun 2024Educational programs incorporating physical activity (PA) sessions and nutritional workshops have demonstrated potential benefits for overweight and obese pregnant...
BACKGROUND
Educational programs incorporating physical activity (PA) sessions and nutritional workshops have demonstrated potential benefits for overweight and obese pregnant women. However, participation in such programs remains challenging. This prospective study aimed to investigate the factors influencing participation and regular attendance, while examining changes in health behaviors, along with obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
METHODS
Pregnant women with at 12-22 weeks' gestation a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were invited to join an educational program combining three nutritional workshops conducted in groups and 12 weekly PA sessions. They self-selected their participation into the program. Regardless of program uptake and regularity of attendance, the women's PA levels, eating behaviors, and affectivity were assessed using validated questionnaires at 20-24 weeks, 32-34 weeks, and postpartum. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the factors influencing participation.
RESULTS
Of the 187 women enrolled in the study, 61.5% agreed to participate in the program. Of these, only 45% attended six or more sessions (regardless of the nature of sessions, i.e. nutritional workshops and/or PA sessions), while only 8.7% attended six or more PA sessions. Participation was associated with higher rates of problematic eating behaviors and lower PA levels at baseline, while regular attendance was mainly associated with higher household incomes. No significant difference was observed between participants and non-participants in terms of changes in eating behaviors, PA levels, or affectivity. However, at the 32-34 week visit, regular participants displayed a higher change in positive affectivity, but unexpectedly also in cognitive restraint, than non-regular participants, a difference that did not persist at postpartum.
CONCLUSION
The educational program combining nutrition and PA was shown to be safe. Women facing challenges related to health behavior displayed a willingness to sign up for the program, but tailored interventions addressing their individual challenges are needed to improve attendance. Accordingly, four recommendations are proposed for the design of future interventions.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT02701426; date of first registration: 08/03/2016.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Adult; Exercise; Prospective Studies; Obesity; Overweight; Pregnancy Complications; Feeding Behavior; Prenatal Care; Health Behavior
PubMed: 38943053
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06648-z -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024HIV/AIDS is one of the most devastating infectious diseases affecting humankind all over the world and its impact goes beyond public health problems. This study was...
Determinants of hemoglobin level and time to default from Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for adult clients living with HIV under treatment; a retrospective cohort study design.
HIV/AIDS is one of the most devastating infectious diseases affecting humankind all over the world and its impact goes beyond public health problems. This study was conducted to investigate the joint predictors of hemoglobin level and time to default from treatment for adult clients living with HIV/AIDS under HAART at the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, North-west Ethiopia. The study was conducted using a retrospective cohort design from the medical records of 403 randomly selected adult clients living with HIV whose follow-ups were from September 2015 to March 2022. Hemoglobin level was projected using Sahli's acid-hematin method. Hence, the hemoglobin tube was filled with N/10 hydrochloric acid up to 2 g % marking and the graduated tube was placed in Sahli's hemoglobin meter. The blood samples were collected using the finger-pick method, considering 22 G disposable needles. The health staff did this. From a total of 403 adult patients living with HIV/AIDS included in the current study, about 44.2% defaulted from therapy. The overall mean and median estimated survival time of adult clients under study were 44.3 and 42 months respectively. The patient's lymphocyte count (AHR = 0.7498, 95% CI: (0.7411: 0.7587), p-value < 0.01), The weight of adult patients living with HIV/AIDS (AHR = 0.9741, 95% CI: (0.9736: 0.9747), p-value = 0.012), sex of adult clients (AHR = 0.6019, 95% CI: (0.5979, 0.6059), p-value < 0.01), WHO stages III compared to Stage I (AHR = 1.4073, 95% CI: (1.3262, 1.5078), p-value < 0.01), poor adherence level (AHR = 0.2796, 95% CI: (0.2082, 0.3705) and p-value < 0.01), bedridden patients (AHR = 1.5346, 95% CI: (1.4199, 1.6495), p-value = 0.008), and opportunistic infections (AHR = 0.2237, 95% CI: (0.0248, 0.4740), p-value = 0.004) had significant effect on both hemoglobin level and time to default from treatment. Similarly, other co-morbidity conditions, disclosure status of the HIV disease, and tobacco and alcohol addiction had a significant effect on the variables of interest. The estimate of the association parameter in the slope value of Hgb level and time default was negative, indicating that the Hgb level increased as the hazard of defaulting from treatment decreased. A patient with abnormal BMI like underweight, overweight, or obese was negatively associated with the risk of anemia (lower hemoglobin level). As a recommendation, more attention should be given to those patients with abnormal BMI, patients with other co-morbidity conditions, patients with opportunistic infections, and low lymphocytes, and bedridden and ambulatory patients. Health-related education should be given to adult clients living with HIV/AIDS to be good adherents for medical treatment.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Female; Retrospective Studies; HIV Infections; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Hemoglobins; Middle Aged; Ethiopia; Young Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Undertreatment
PubMed: 38942753
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62952-w -
Cell Death & Disease Jun 2024Aging and obesity pose significant threats to public health and are major contributors to muscle atrophy. The trends in muscle fiber types under these conditions and the...
Aging and obesity pose significant threats to public health and are major contributors to muscle atrophy. The trends in muscle fiber types under these conditions and the transcriptional differences between different muscle fiber types remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate distinct responses of fast/glycolytic fibers and slow/oxidative fibers to aging and obesity. We found that in muscles dominated by oxidative fibers, the proportion of oxidative fibers remains unchanged during aging and obesity. However, in muscles dominated by glycolytic fibers, despite the low content of oxidative fibers, a significant decrease in proportion of oxidative fibers was observed. Consistently, our study uncovered that during aging and obesity, fast/glycolytic fibers specifically increased the expression of genes associated with muscle atrophy and inflammation, including Dkk3, Ccl8, Cxcl10, Cxcl13, Fbxo32, Depp1, and Chac1, while slow/oxidative fibers exhibit elevated expression of antioxidant protein Nqo-1 and downregulation of Tfrc. Additionally, we noted substantial differences in the expression of calcium-related signaling pathways between fast/glycolytic fibers and slow/oxidative fibers in response to aging and obesity. Treatment with a calcium channel inhibitor thapsigargin significantly increased the abundance of oxidative fibers. Our study provides additional evidence to support the transcriptomic differences in muscle fiber types under pathophysiological conditions, thereby establishing a theoretical basis for modulating muscle fiber types in disease treatment.
Topics: Aging; Obesity; Animals; Gene Expression Profiling; Glycolysis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Transcriptome; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Humans
PubMed: 38942747
DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06851-y -
Life Sciences Jun 2024This review aimed to investigate the different types of microparticles playing role in obesity-related diseases. Additionally, the factors participating in changing the... (Review)
Review
AIMS
This review aimed to investigate the different types of microparticles playing role in obesity-related diseases. Additionally, the factors participating in changing the microparticles amount in obese people will also be discussed.
MATERIAL & METHODS
The authors collected the relevant articles published until 2023 and these are carefully selected from three scientific databases based on keywords.
KEY FINDINGS
It has been revealed that exercise might change the microparticle content in the body. The other factor which participates in obesity process is the oxidative stress which is increased in microparticles. Moreover, the obesity is implicated in metabolic conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
SIGNIFICANCE
More than one-third of people on the planet today are known as overweight individuals. Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that are found in healthy people's blood and are elevated in patients with pathological conditions such as obesity. MPs mostly come from platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Considering the effect of obesity on microparticles, these small membrane-bound vesicles might play a crucial role in preventing or treatment of obesity.
PubMed: 38942357
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122876