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Journal of Social and Personal... Sep 2023This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of maternal and sibling relational intimacy on adolescents' volunteering behaviors via their social...
This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of maternal and sibling relational intimacy on adolescents' volunteering behaviors via their social responsibility values. Participants included two adolescents (50% female; age = 14 years) and one parent (85% female; age = 45 years) from 682 families ( = 2,046) from an ongoing longitudinal study. Adolescents self-reported their intimacy with mothers and siblings (Time 1), social responsibility values (Time 1), and volunteering (Times 1 and 2); parents reported on sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., gender, birth order, family income). Results from a structural equation model indicated that after accounting for adolescents' earlier volunteering, both maternal and sibling intimacy were indirectly related to greater volunteering via social responsibility values. There were no significant direct effects from maternal or sibling intimacy to adolescents' volunteering. Results indicate that both mothers and siblings are important in socializing prosocial and civic values and behaviors during adolescence.
PubMed: 38948659
DOI: 10.1177/02654075221083301 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024This study explored the perceived impact of a smartphone app on awareness, knowledge, attitudes, help-seeking, behavior change, and intention to change an abnormal...
This study explored the perceived impact of a smartphone app on awareness, knowledge, attitudes, help-seeking, behavior change, and intention to change an abnormal posture of the neck while using smartphones among undergraduates addicted to smartphone use. This descriptive survey involved smartphone-addicted undergraduates recruited between February 2022 and July 2022. The self-administered questionnaires used for gathering the data were a smartphone addiction survey and a mobile app rating scale on app-specific query assessing changes in awareness, knowledge, attitude, intention to change, health-seeking, and behavior change. The questionnaire was completed by 316 participants (218 females, 98 males; mean: 20.7±2.6 years; range, 16 to 35 years). One hundred forty-two (44.9%) of the respondents strongly agreed that the app improved awareness, while 143 (45.3%) strongly agreed that the app improved knowledge about the significance of addressing abnormal posture of the neck while using smartphones. One hundred thirty-two (41.8%) were of the opinion that the app could change participant attitudes, and 135 (42.7%) agreed that the app could increase intentions toward improving abnormal posture of the neck. One hundred eighteen (37.3%) participants agreed that the app could promote help-seeking for abnormal posture of the neck. Respondents' age had a negative weak correlation with intention to treat (r=-0.191, p=0.001) and help-seeking (r=-0.199, p=0.0001). Most of the respondents in this study agreed that the CerviTech app could increase awareness, knowledge, attitude, intention to change, help-seeking, and behavior change of abnormal posture of the neck while using smartphones, with significant impact according to the age of the respondents regarding the intention to change and help-seeking behavior.
PubMed: 38948654
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.12392 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024The study aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise applied with bodyweight-supported treadmill (BWSTT) or cycle ergometer (CE) in Parkinson's patients.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise applied with bodyweight-supported treadmill (BWSTT) or cycle ergometer (CE) in Parkinson's patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In the prospective single-blind study, 38 Parkinson's patients with Hoehn-Yahr Stage 1-3 were randomized into the CE and BWSTT groups between May 2019 and March 2020. Evaluations before and after six weeks of treatment included a six-min walking test with a software device as the primary outcome and functional balance tests (Tinetti balance and gait test, one-leg stance balance test) as secondary outcomes. Both groups received 40 min of aerobic exercise three days per week with conventional rehabilitation and various methods. CE and BWSTT groups were created. The aerobic exercise program was designed based on treatment recommendations for Parkinson's patients of the American College of Sports Medicine (CE test, with the Karvonen formula, 40-60% reserve). Posttreatment and pretreatment evaluations were compared within and between groups.
RESULTS
The six-week aerobic exercise program was completed by 16 participants (9 males, 7 females; mean age: 65.9±8.1; range, 47 to 78 years) in the CE group and 15 participants (9 males, 6 females; mean age: 62.5±7.5; range, 49 to 79 years) in the BWSTT group. The demographic characteristics of the patients were similar. Primary and secondary outcomes were significantly different after treatment than before treatment in both groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in outcomes.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that both methods are effective and not superior to each other. Aerobic exercise programs led by experienced clinicians can benefit patients.
PubMed: 38948648
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.11991 -
Adiponectin in spinal cord injury: What is the role of nutrition in serum adiponectin concentration?Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024The study aimed to analyze the relationship between serum adiponectin concentration, Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension...
The study aimed to analyze the relationship between serum adiponectin concentration, Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet adherence in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Thirty-three SCI patients (21 males, 12 females; median age: 33 years; range, 18 to 65 years) and 33 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls (21 males, 12 females; median age: 33 years; range, 18 to 64 years) were included in this cross-sectional study between March 2021 and March 2022. Serum adiponectin concentrations of all participants were measured. Body weight, height, and neck, hip, waist, and mid-upper arm circumferences were measured. Twenty-four-hour dietary records were obtained by the researchers for evaluation of the nutritional status. The DASH diet score and MD score were measured for each participant. Most of the cases of SCI were due to motor vehicle collisions (n=12, 36.4%) and complete paraplegic. Mid-upper arm circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, and neck circumference of the patient group were significantly higher than the control group (p=0.020, p=0.002, p=0.042, and p<0.001, respectively). Mediterranean diet scores and DASH diet scores of the patient group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001 and p=0.031, respectively). Serum adiponectin concentration of patients was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.049). No correlation was detected between adiponectin concentration, MD score, and DASH diet score in both groups. Although correlation analysis in the current research did not show significant relation between nutrition and adiponectin concentrations, nutrition of patients with SCI, as demonstrated by higher adherence to MD and DASH, may have provided positive effects on adiponectin concentrations. Future studies focused on the effect of a healthy diet intervention on serum adiponectin concentration is warranted.
PubMed: 38948643
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.13946 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024This study aimed to quantify test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the four commonly used functional tests in older adults with a high risk of...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to quantify test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the four commonly used functional tests in older adults with a high risk of falling.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 community-dwelling older adults (26 females, 4 males; mean age: 73.7±6.0 years; range, 65 to 88 years) with a high fall risk identified by the Thai falls risk assessment test between November 2018 and May 2019. Data from the 10-m walk test at a comfortable gait speed (CGS) and fast gait speed (FGS), timed up and go (TUG) test, five times sit to stand test (FTSST), and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were collected twice for each participant. The interval between test sessions was one week. Test-retest reliability was analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC at the 95% confidence interval (MDC) were also calculated.
RESULTS
The four functional tests had ICC in the range of 0.92 to 0.97. The SEM values of the CGS, FGS, TUG, FTSST, and 6MWT were 0.06 m/sec, 0.04 m/sec, 1.10 sec, 1.30 sec, and 20.60 m, respectively. The MDC values of the CGS, FGS, TUG, FTSST, and 6MWT were 0.16 m/sec, 0.12 m/sec, 3.00 sec, 3.50 sec, and 57.20 m, respectively.
CONCLUSION
All functional tests demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability. The SEM and MDC of all functional tests were established. These findings can help clinicians interpret the effectiveness of interventions and determine changes in functional ability over time in older adults at high risk of falls.
PubMed: 38948641
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.12725 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024This study aimed to objectively and quantitatively exhibit morning stiffness by using electrophysiological methods.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to objectively and quantitatively exhibit morning stiffness by using electrophysiological methods.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The prospective, controlled study was conducted with 52 participants between February 2013 and February 2014. Of the participants, 26 were recruited among RA patients (3 males, 23 females; mean age: 55.9±11.2 years; range, 24 to 74 years) followed at the rheumatology clinic, and 26 were healthy subjects (4 males, 22 females; mean age: 54.9±8.3 years; range, 41 to 70 years) for the control group. Duration and severity of morning stiffness were recorded for all participants. Activity of disease and functional status were evaluated by the Disease Activity Score 28 and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), respectively. Electrophysiological reaction times, severity of pain (Visual Analog Scale), HAQ, and grip strength were measured for each participant twice in 24 h in the morning (08:00-09:00 am) and afternoon (03:00-05:00 pm).
RESULTS
In the RA group, motor reaction and response times and severity of pain values were significantly lower in the afternoon compared to the morning (p=0.030, p=0.031, and p=0.002, respectively), and hand grip strengths were significantly higher in the afternoon (p=0.007). In the control group, no change was observed between morning and afternoon measurements in the strength and reaction time variables.
CONCLUSION
Our hypothesis that stiffness would slow down the movements in the morning in RA was supported by the prolonged motor and response times in the morning compared to the afternoon. However, in the control group (no morning stiffness), there was no difference in reaction time variables between the morning and afternoon, objectively demonstrating the concept of morning stiffness in this study.
PubMed: 38948637
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.12219 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... May 2024Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting over one billion people. It is responsible for roughly half of all heart disease and...
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting over one billion people. It is responsible for roughly half of all heart disease and stroke-related deaths globally. Because hypertension does not cause any symptoms on its own, it is commonly referred to as "the silent killer."
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine (1) the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors and (2) the level of awareness of hypertension status among study participants.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A facility-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted for 3 months during January-March 2023 at the teaching institution in Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh. It was conducted among 392 study participants who were ≥18 years old. Data were collected through a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire, and anthropometric measurement was determined using standard guidelines.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of hypertension screening was 69.4% (male: 33.8% and female: 66.2%), respectively. The majority of hypertensives were found in female participants. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, stress and strain, and an unhealthy diet were also associated with hypertension. Among 392 study participants, only 67 (24.6%) were aware of their hypertension status.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that hypertension has been described as an "Iceberg disease" as those who suffer are usually unaware and hence usually seek healthcare services at a very late stage. Preventive measures should be needed to improve hypertension screening, awareness, treatment, and control.
PubMed: 38948635
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1835_23 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... May 2024Telephobia is a kind of anxiety disorder in which the individual is afraid of either answering or making telephone calls. This study was conducted to determine the...
BACKGROUND
Telephobia is a kind of anxiety disorder in which the individual is afraid of either answering or making telephone calls. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of telephobia among medical students and to determine the association of socio-demographic and other factors with this disorder.
METHODS
A total of 320 undergraduate medical students were enrolled at a tertiary medical college in Western India, of which 300 (93.75%) responded to the survey. A stratified sampling strategy with the proportional allocation method was used in which 40 males and 20 females were selected from each year of students, spanning 5 years. A specially designed semi-structured questionnaire was used for the study, consisting of demographic data, purpose of using the internet, gadget used, and a 10-item telephobia questionnaire modified from the Severity Measure for Agoraphobia-Adult (SMA-A) Questionnaire to measure student's avoidance of telephone calling and receiving.
RESULTS
The mean age of the study participants was 21.91 (±1.84) years, and most of the students were urban residents (184, 61.3%). The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe telephobia was 33.0%, 7.67%, and 1.33%, respectively, giving an overall prevalence of 42%. Univariate analysis revealed that male gender (χ = 9.822, df = 3, = 0.0201), higher duration of internet usage (χ = 41.15, df = 9, value < 0.000), and viewing porn (χ = 15.94, df = 3, = 0.0011) had significant association with higher severity of telephobia. Viewing of porn sites was reported by 65 (21.7%) medical students, exclusively among males.
CONCLUSION
A prevalence of 9% moderate to severe telephobia among medical students is much alarming, which may aggravate further as the students move from academic to clinical settings. The phenomenon of telephobia needs further exploration, to find its determinants and predictors, especially among vulnerable populations.
PubMed: 38948634
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1673_23 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... May 2024Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a disorder marked by a single-point mutation in the beta-globin gene. Hydroxyurea is a globally accepted disease-modifying agent that sounds...
BACKGROUND
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a disorder marked by a single-point mutation in the beta-globin gene. Hydroxyurea is a globally accepted disease-modifying agent that sounds to be effective in managing clinically and probably preventing complications of SCD. The current study aims to document the morbidity pattern and impact of Hydroxyurea therapy in the Outpatient Department of Sickle Cell Institute, Raipur.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected sixty-five patients (adults and children above six years). After obtaining informed consent, relevant data were collected in a predesigned pretested questionnaire. The appropriate statistical exercise was applied for the interpretation of results and inferences.
RESULTS
Acute febrile illness 54 (83%) and 53 (81.5%) reported pain crisis observed to have the most common morbidity among the study subjects, followed by 55.4% (36), 33 (50.8%) jaundice and difficulty breathing, respectively. Joint pain was the most commonly observed complaint, particularly at the knee joint (76.9%). Other complaints such as hand-foot syndrome (24.6%), epistaxis (27.7%), and acute chest syndrome (21.5%). Vaso-occlusive crisis (72.4%), difficulty in walking (60.0%) and eyesight (35.4%), leg ulcers (9.2%), and dactylitis (3.1%) were also documented as clinical manifestations among study participants. Less than half (44.46%) had an awareness about SCD. Hydroxyurea therapy was highly significant in improving the patient's clinical picture ( < 0.01), especially following the frequency of hospitalization and the requirement for blood transfusion.
CONCLUSION
Pain crisis is the most common morbidity among study participants with a low level of knowledge about SCD with febrile illness. Hydroxyurea therapy was found to be quite effective as a disease-modifying therapy, especially for reducing the frequency of blood transfusion and lowering hospitalization rates among SCD patients.
PubMed: 38948632
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1490_23 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... May 2024Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in Saudi women. Therefore, understanding BC and its related risk factors, symptoms, and screening is critical for...
INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in Saudi women. Therefore, understanding BC and its related risk factors, symptoms, and screening is critical for early detection and intervention. The current study was meant to explore the knowledge, awareness, and attitude (KAA) gap in BC: risk factors, symptoms, and screening.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This cross-sectional investigation was carried out with Health Professions Students (HPS) using a predesigned and validated study questionnaire to examine HPS knowledge and attitudes concerning BC and associated risk factors, symptoms, and screening.
RESULTS
A total of 277 female students responded to the survey. The frequency of correct answers for the BC knowledge questions varied from the lowest of 27.8% to the highest of 88.8%, with only 5 out of 15 questions (33.3%) answered correctly by more than 60% of the participants, displaying poor knowledge and awareness of BC. A majority (>60%) of the participants identified only 7 of the 18 risk factors of BC correctly, whereas 11 of the 13 early warning signs of BC were identified correctly by the majority (>60%) of the participants. Among the participants, only 26.4% were aware of the breast cancer screening center, but 94.6% of them agreed that early detection of breast cancer is important and 82.7% agreed to participate in the screening program if offered.
CONCLUSION
Participants' knowledge and awareness of BC were found to be relatively low; however, their attitudes towards BC screening were positive. As a result, it is critical to develop effective education programs, curricular activities, and awareness campaigns to address the lack of awareness of BC and to have an appropriate response to screening to reduce disease burden.
PubMed: 38948630
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1720_23