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Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry Apr 2024To investigate the microbiological outcomes obtained with either subgingival debridement (SD) in conjunction with a gel containing sodium hypochlorite and amino acids... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To investigate the microbiological outcomes obtained with either subgingival debridement (SD) in conjunction with a gel containing sodium hypochlorite and amino acids followed by subsequent application of a cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel (xHyA) gel, or with SD alone.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-eight patients diagnosed with stages II-III (grades A/B) generalised periodontitis were randomly treated with either SD (control) or SD plus adjunctive sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and xHyA gel (test). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest site per quadrant in each patient at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Pooled sample analysis was performed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the identification of detection frequencies and changes in numbers of the following bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Tannerella forsythia (T.f), Treponema denticola (T.d), and Prevotella intermedia (P.i).
RESULTS
In terms of detection frequency, in the test group, statistically significant reductions were found for P.g, T.f, T.d and P.i (p < 0.05) after 6 months. In the control group, the detection frequencies of all investigated bacterial species at 6 months were comparable to the baseline values (p > 0.05). The comparison of the test and control groups revealed statistically significant differences in detection frequency for P.g (p = 0.034), T.d (p < 0.01) and P.i (p = 0.02) after 6 months, favouring the test group. Regarding reduction in detection frequency scores, at 6 months, statistically significant differences in favour of the test group were observed for all investigated bacterial species: A.a (p = 0.028), P.g (p = 0.028), T.f (p = 0.004), T.d (p <0.001), and P.i (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
The present microbiological results, which are related to short-term outcomes up to 6 months post-treatment, support the adjunctive subgingival application of sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and xHyA to subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Prevotella intermedia; Tannerella forsythia; Treponema denticola; Adult; Dental Plaque; Amino Acids; Periodontal Debridement; Bacterial Load; Gels; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Cross-Linking Reagents; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis
PubMed: 38687029
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5281925 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2024Since the introduction of type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines, invasive Hib disease has strongly declined worldwide, yet continued control of Hib disease remains important.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Disparate kinetics in immune response of two different type b conjugate vaccines: Immunogenicity and safety observations from a randomized controlled phase IV study in healthy infants and toddlers using a 2+1 schedule.
Since the introduction of type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines, invasive Hib disease has strongly declined worldwide, yet continued control of Hib disease remains important. In Europe, currently three different hexavalent combination vaccines containing Hib conjugates are marketed. In this phase IV, single-blind, randomized, controlled, multi-country study (NCT04535037), we aimed to compare, in a 2 + 1 vaccination schedule, the immunogenicity and safety and show non-inferiority, as well as superiority, of DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib (Ih group) versus DTaP5-HB-IPV-Hib (Va group) in terms of anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and proportion of participants reaching anti-PRP antibody concentrations greater than or equal to a threshold of 5 µg/mL. One month after the booster vaccination, the anti-PRP antibody GMC ratio (Ih group/Va group) was 0.917 (95% CI: 0.710-1.185), meeting the non-inferiority criteria. The difference in percentage of participants (Ih group - Va group) reaching GMCs ≥5 µg/mL was -6.3% (95% CI: -14.1% to 1.5%), not reaching the predefined non-inferiority threshold. Interestingly, a slightly higher post-booster antibody avidity was observed in the Ih group versus the Va group. Both vaccines were well tolerated, and no safety concerns were raised. This study illustrates the different kinetics of the anti-PRP antibody response post-primary and post-booster using the two vaccines containing different Hib conjugates and indicates a potential differential impact of concomitant vaccinations on the anti-PRP responses. The clinical implications of these differences should be further studied.
Topics: Humans; Haemophilus Vaccines; Antibodies, Bacterial; Infant; Immunization Schedule; Female; Male; Single-Blind Method; Vaccines, Conjugate; Haemophilus influenzae type b; Vaccines, Combined; Haemophilus Infections; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Child, Preschool; Immunogenicity, Vaccine; Europe; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 38687024
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2342630 -
Medicina 2024Brain abscess is a focal suppurative process produced in most cases by bacterial agents. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a gram-negative bacteria belonging to the HACEK...
Brain abscess is a focal suppurative process produced in most cases by bacterial agents. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a gram-negative bacteria belonging to the HACEK group, which causes infective endocarditis, liver abscesses, among others. Brain abscesses secondary to this germ are rare and, in most cases, it is associated with contact with pets, poor dental hygiene or dental procedures. Treatment consists of drainage of the abscess (greater than 2.5 cm) combined with antibiotic therapy, ideally beta-lactams. The case of a 64-year-old male patient with no relevant history is here presented. He was admitted to the emergency service due to headache, hemianopsia of a week's duration and later tonic-clonic seizures, in whom imaging studies and culture of a brain lesion subsequently revealed a brain abscess due to A. aphrophilus. This case aims to illustrate about the rarity of this infection, because A. aphrophilus is a normal part of the oropharyngeal flora and respiratory tract, in which it rarely causes invasive bacteremia.
Topics: Brain Abscess; Humans; Male; Aggregatibacter aphrophilus; Middle Aged; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drainage
PubMed: 38683524
DOI: No ID Found -
MBio Jun 2024The nasopharynx is an important reservoir of disease-associated and antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species. This proof-of-concept study assessed the utility of a...
UNLABELLED
The nasopharynx is an important reservoir of disease-associated and antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species. This proof-of-concept study assessed the utility of a combined culture, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and targeted metagenomic sequencing workflow for the study of the pediatric nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota. Nasopharyngeal swabs and clinical metadata were collected from Cambodian children during a hospital outpatient visit and then biweekly for 12 weeks. Swabs were cultured on chocolate and blood-gentamicin agar, and all colony morphotypes were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Metagenomic sequencing was done on a scrape of all colonies from a chocolate agar culture and processed using the mSWEEP pipeline. One hundred one children were enrolled, yielding 620 swabs. MALDI-TOF MS identified 106 bacterial species/40 genera: 20 species accounted for 88.5% (2,190/2,474) of isolates. Colonization by (92.1% of children on ≥1 swab), (87.1%), and (83.2%) was particularly common. In -colonized children, a median of two serotypes [inter-quartile range (IQR) 1-2, range 1-4] was detected. For the 21 bacterial species included in the mSWEEP database and identifiable by MALDI-TOF, detection by culture + MALDI-TOF MS and culture + mSWEEP was highly concordant with a median species-level agreement of 96.9% (IQR 86.8%-98.8%). mSWEEP revealed highly dynamic lineage-level colonization patterns for which were quite different to those for . A combined culture, MALDI-TOF MS, targeted metagenomic sequencing approach for the exploration of the young child nasopharyngeal microbiome was technically feasible, and each component yielded complementary data.
IMPORTANCE
The human upper respiratory tract is an important source of disease-causing and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, understanding the interactions and stability of these bacterial populations is technically challenging. We used a combination of approaches to determine colonization patterns over a 3-month period in 101 Cambodian children. The combined approach was feasible to implement, and each component gave complementary data to enable a better understanding of the complex patterns of bacterial colonization.
Topics: Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Nasopharynx; Microbiota; Child, Preschool; Bacteria; Female; Metagenomics; Child; Infant; Male; Cambodia; Haemophilus influenzae
PubMed: 38682956
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00784-24 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Different levels of EspP2 expression are seen in strains of with high and low pathogenicity. As a potential virulence factor for , the pathogenic mechanism of EspP2 in...
Different levels of EspP2 expression are seen in strains of with high and low pathogenicity. As a potential virulence factor for , the pathogenic mechanism of EspP2 in infection of host cells is not clear. To begin to elucidate the effect of on virulence, we used SC1401 in its wild-type form and SC1401, which was made -deficient. We demonstrated that EspP2 causes up-regulation of claudin-1 and occludin expression, thereby promoting the adhesion of to host cells; -deficiency resulted in significantly reduced adhesion of to cells. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of EspP2-treated PK15 cells revealed that the Rap1 signaling pathway is stimulated by EspP2. Blocking this pathway diminished occludin expression and adhesion. These results indicated that EspP2 regulates the adhesion of via Rap1 signaling pathway.
Topics: Signal Transduction; Animals; Haemophilus parasuis; rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Occludin; Claudin-1; Cell Line; Swine
PubMed: 38674155
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084570 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Membrane proteins constitute about 20% of the human proteome and play crucial roles in cellular functions. However, a complete understanding of their structure and...
Membrane proteins constitute about 20% of the human proteome and play crucial roles in cellular functions. However, a complete understanding of their structure and function is limited by their hydrophobic nature, which poses significant challenges in purification and stabilization. Detergents, essential in the isolation process, risk destabilizing or altering the proteins' native conformations, thus affecting stability and functionality. This study leverages single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to elucidate the structural nuances of membrane proteins, focusing on the SLAC1 bacterial homolog from (TehA) purified with diverse detergents, including n-dodecyl β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM), glycodiosgenin (GDN), β-D-octyl-glucoside (OG), and lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (LMNG). This research not only contributes to the understanding of membrane protein structures but also addresses detergent effects on protein purification. By showcasing that the overall structural integrity of the channel is preserved, our study underscores the intricate interplay between proteins and detergents, offering insightful implications for drug design and membrane biology.
Topics: Cryoelectron Microscopy; Haemophilus influenzae; Bacterial Proteins; Detergents; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 38674110
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084528 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle raised in North America. At the feedlot, cattle are subject to metaphylactic...
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle raised in North America. At the feedlot, cattle are subject to metaphylactic treatment with macrolides to prevent BRD, a practice that may promote antimicrobial resistance and has resulted in an urgent need for novel strategies. is one of the major bacterial agents of BRD. The inhibitory effects of two amphipathic, α-helical (PRW4, WRL3) and one β-sheet (WK2) antimicrobial peptides were evaluated against multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolated from Alberta feedlots. WK2 was not cytotoxic against bovine turbinate (BT) cells by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. All three peptides inhibited , with WK2 being the most efficacious against multiple isolates. At 8-16 µg/mL, WK2 was bactericidal against Mh 330 in broth, and at 32 µg/mL in the presence of BT cells, it reduced the population by 3 logs CFU/mL without causing cytotoxic effects. The membrane integrity of Mh 330 was examined using NPN (1-N-phenylnaphthylamine) and ONPG (o-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside), with both the inner and outer membranes being compromised. Thus, WK2 may be a viable alternative to the use of macrolides as part of BRD prevention and treatment strategies.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Peptides; Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; Mannheimia haemolytica; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
PubMed: 38673750
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084164 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2024
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; Hearing Loss; Child; Infant; Otitis Media; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38669813
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104290 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Apr 2024, a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, is known for its highly infectious nature and is the primary causative agent of infectious pleuropneumonia in pigs. This...
, a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, is known for its highly infectious nature and is the primary causative agent of infectious pleuropneumonia in pigs. This disease poses a considerable threat to the global pig industry and leads to substantial economic losses due to reduced productivity, increased mortality rates, and the need for extensive veterinary care and treatment. Due to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains, Chinese herbal medicine is considered one of the best alternatives to antibiotics due to its unique mechanism of action and other properties. As a type of Chinese herbal medicine, Rhein has the advantages of a wide antibacterial spectrum and is less likely to develop drug resistance, which can perfectly solve the limitations of current antibacterial treatments. The killing effect of Rhein on was detected by fluorescence quantification of differential expression changes of key genes, and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the changes in status after Rhein treatment. Establishing a mouse model to observe the treatment of Rhein after infection. Here, in this study, we found that Rhein had a good killing effect on and that the MIC was 25 µg ml. After 3 h of action, Rhein (4×MIC) completely kills and Rhein has good stability. In addition, the treatment with Rhein (1×MIC) significantly reduced the formation of bacterial biofilms. Therapeutic evaluation in a murine model showed that Rhein protects mice from and relieves lung inflammation. Quantitative RT-PCR (Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is a molecular biology technique that combines both reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction methods to quantitatively detect the amount of a specific RNA molecule) results showed that Rhein treatment significantly downregulated the expression of the IL-18 (Interleukin refers to a class of cytokines produced by white blood cells), TNF-α, p65 and p38 genes. Along with the downregulation of genes such as IL-18, it means that Rhein has an inhibitory effect on the expression of these genes, thereby reducing the activation of inflammatory cells and the production of inflammatory mediators. This helps reduce inflammation and protects tissue from further damage. This study reports the activity of Rhein against and its mechanism, and reveals the ability of Rhein to treat infection in mice, laying the foundation for the development of new drugs for bacterial infections.
Topics: Animals; Anthraquinones; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mice; Actinobacillus Infections; Swine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Lung; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 38668646
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001826 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2024
Topics: Humans; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Child; Hearing Loss; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38657535
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104291