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Royal Society Open Science Aug 2023A new arthropod, gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Silurian (Wenlock Series) Herefordshire Konservat-Lagerstätte, UK. The head bears pedunculate eyes and five...
A new arthropod, gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Silurian (Wenlock Series) Herefordshire Konservat-Lagerstätte, UK. The head bears pedunculate eyes and five pairs of appendages. Triflagellate antennae are followed by two pairs of uniramous limbs each with an endopod bearing a pronounced gnathobasic basipod. The posterior two pairs of head limbs and all trunk limbs bear an endopod, exopod and filamentous exite. The trunk consists of 10 appendage-bearing segments followed by an apodous abdomen of four segments. The arthropod resolves as sister taxon to and + Aglaspidida. It is the first representative of Vicissicaudata reported from the Herefordshire Lagerstätte and the first Silurian example with well-preserved appendages. The preservation of a cluster of radiolarians apparently captured by the trunk appendages is the first direct association of predator and prey discovered in the Herefordshire fauna, and suggests that was a nektobenthic form that used its gnathobasic basipods in microdurophagy.
PubMed: 37538743
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230661 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Sep 2023Morphoanatomical studies can provide useful and relevant information to support taxonomic groupings. Jacquemontia evolvuloides shows great morphological variability,...
Leaf and stem micromorphology of Jacquemontia evolvuloides (Moric.) Meisn. (Convolvulaceae) populations: New insights for taxonomic classification using light and scanning electron microscopy.
Morphoanatomical studies can provide useful and relevant information to support taxonomic groupings. Jacquemontia evolvuloides shows great morphological variability, which has led to numerous taxonomic classifications. To determine if anatomical characters can be used to recognize operational taxonomic units within populations of that species, we analyzed the leaves and stems of 22 populations using light and scanning electron microscopy. The variability of the analyzed characters allowed the grouping of these populations into five morphotypes. The presence of paracytic stomata, laticiferous canals, and stellate trichomes can be considered diagnostic characters of J. evolvuloides. The presence and types of epicuticular waxes, as well as a layer similar to palisade parenchyma in the petioles and stems, the classifications of glandular trichomes, and new types of stomata (anomocytic, anomotetracytic, and brachyparatetracytic) are reported here for the first time for Jacquemontia. The results discussed here help clarify the classification of this species complex and contribute to the taxonomy of Jacquemontia-a genus that has historically been difficult to define due to its wide morphological variation at the species level. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Seven types of epicuticular waxes were identified among J. evolvuloides specimens: granules, threads, entire platelets, coiled rodlets, fissured layers, membranous platelets, and tubules. Six types of trichomes were observed among J. evolvuloides populations: stellate, malpighiaceous, sessile peltate glandular, short pedunculate glandular, stipitate-glandular, and capitate glandular. We observed that six populations of Jacquemontia evolvuloides located in the Brazilian Caatinga domain have unprecedented sessile peltate trichomes restricted to the main leaf midrib, which were only observed under light microscopy.
Topics: Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Convolvulaceae; Plant Leaves; Trichomes; Waxes
PubMed: 37486152
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24391 -
Environmental Microbiome Jul 2023The effect of soil on the plant microbiome is well-studied. However, less is known about the impact of the soil microbiome in multitrophic systems. Here we examined the...
BACKGROUND
The effect of soil on the plant microbiome is well-studied. However, less is known about the impact of the soil microbiome in multitrophic systems. Here we examined the effect of soil on plant and aphid microbiomes, and the reciprocal effect of aphid herbivory on the plant and soil microbiomes. We designed microcosms, which separate below and aboveground compartments, to grow oak seedlings with and without aphid herbivory in soils with three different microbiomes. We used amplicon sequencing and qPCR to characterize the bacterial and fungal communities in soils, phyllospheres, and aphids.
RESULTS
Soil microbiomes significantly affected the microbial communities of phyllospheres and, to a lesser extent, aphid microbiomes, indicating plant-mediated assembly processes from soil to aphids. While aphid herbivory significantly decreased microbial diversity in phyllospheres independent of soil microbiomes, the effect of aphid herbivory on the community composition in soil varied among the three soils.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides experimental evidence for the reciprocal influence of soil, plant, and aphid microbiomes, with the potential for the development of new microbiome-based pest management strategies.
PubMed: 37480131
DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00515-8 -
Natural Product Research 2023We tested anti-herpetic effect of castalagin, an ellagitannin compound, extracted from pedunculate oak (). Previous investigations found that castalagin possesses a...
We tested anti-herpetic effect of castalagin, an ellagitannin compound, extracted from pedunculate oak (). Previous investigations found that castalagin possesses a strong inhibitory effect against HSV-1/2 equal to acyclovir (ACV). It is also effective against ACV-resistant mutants and shows a synergistic effect with ACV. We study castalagin's activity towards HSV-1 infection in newborn mice. Acute toxicity determination in mice showed LD value of 295 mg/kg. Prolonged toxicity was also constructed. Castalagin manifested a marked activity against HSV-1 (LD/0.02 ml) administered in 7-day course at 0.02 ml s.c. doses of 7.5 or 10 mg/kg (PI 57-58%). ACV course demonstrated a marked activity at 20 mg/kg. The selectivity ratio LD/ED (295/7.5) could be accepted as ≥ 33.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Antiviral Agents; Animals, Newborn; Herpes Simplex; Acyclovir; Herpesvirus 2, Human
PubMed: 36714926
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2173191