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Forensic Science International Jun 2024Commentators have recommended that forensic scientists' reports contain various disclosures to facilitate comprehension. However, little research has explored whether...
Commentators have recommended that forensic scientists' reports contain various disclosures to facilitate comprehension. However, little research has explored whether following best practice recommendations for disclosure impacts on receivers' impressions of the evidence. We examined whether forensic science reports that are more compliant with these best practice recommendations reduced overvaluing of the evidence and sensitized legal and community decision-makers to evidence quality. Across three experiments, 240 legal practitioners/trainees and 566 community decision-makers were presented with a fingerprint or footwear report that was either compliant or non-compliant with best practice recommendations. Participants were then asked to make evaluations and decisions based on the report. We found mixed effects of report compliance. Report compliance affected community participant's evaluations of the persuasiveness of the evidence but had limited impact on the judgments of legal practitioners/trainees. When presented with compliant reports, we found that community participants regarded unknown reliability evidence as less reliable and less persuasive than high reliability evidence, suggesting disclosures helped reduce overvaluing of the evidence and create sensitivity to differences in evidence quality. These results suggest compliance with reporting recommendations does affect community impressions, while only minimally influencing legal impressions of forensic science evidence. The costs and/or benefits of this outcome require further examination.
Topics: Humans; Forensic Sciences; Male; Guideline Adherence; Female; Disclosure; Adult; Decision Making; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Dermatoglyphics; Reproducibility of Results; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38704924
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112034 -
Patient Education and Counseling Aug 2024The martial art of jiu jitsu capitalizes on the strength of a sparring partner by redirecting their momentum. Jiu jitsu persuasion similarly redirects the concerns...
The martial art of jiu jitsu capitalizes on the strength of a sparring partner by redirecting their momentum. Jiu jitsu persuasion similarly redirects the concerns motivating an objection in a manner that undermines the objection. This method of persuasion effectively addresses criticisms that motivate vaccine hesitancy, including moral criticisms. Critics argue that human papillomavirus vaccination causes young women to become more promiscuous. Evidence undermines this objection, but such evidence fails to persuade many objectors because of countervailing moral concerns regarding promiscuity. Healthcare professionals, therefore, need to consider supplementing evidence with moral arguments against the objection, using a framework that appeals to the core values motivating vaccine objections. A jiu jitsu model of persuasion is one such framework. By employing a jiu jitsu model healthcare professionals can facilitate collaborative, normative discussion that persuades more objectors and fulfills healthcare professionals' obligations with respect to patient care vis-à-vis vaccination.
Topics: Humans; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Persuasive Communication; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Morals; Vaccination; Vaccination Hesitancy; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38688093
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108296 -
PloS One 2024Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infections in weaned pigs are common and responsible for a high consumption of antimicrobials, and their presence is assumed to be...
Using Implementation Mapping to develop an intervention program to support veterinarians' adherence to the guideline on Streptococcus suis clinical practice in weaned pigs.
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infections in weaned pigs are common and responsible for a high consumption of antimicrobials, and their presence is assumed to be multi-factorial. A specific evidence-based veterinary guideline to support the control of S. suis in weaned pigs was developed for veterinary practitioners in the Netherlands in 2014. Adherence to the S. suis clinical practice guideline helps veterinary practitioners to prevent and control the disease in a systematical approach and thereby improve antimicrobial stewardship and contribute to the prevention of antimicrobial resistance in animals and humans. The impact of such a clinical practice guideline on (animal) disease management depends not only on its content, but also largely on the extent to which practitioners adhere to the clinical guideline in practice. When the S. suis guideline was published, no specific activities were undertaken to support veterinarians' uptake and implementation, thereby contributing to suboptimal adherence in clinical practice. As the S. suis guideline was comprehensively written by veterinary experts following an evidence-based approach, our aim was not to judge the (scientific) quality of the guideline but to study the possibility to improve the currently low adherence of this guideline in veterinary practice. This paper describes the systematic development, using Implementation Mapping, of a theory-based intervention program to support swine veterinarians' adherence to the S. suis guideline. The knowledge, skills, beliefs about capabilities, and beliefs about consequences domains are addressed in the program, which includes seven evidence-based methods (modelling, tailoring, feedback, discussion, persuasive communication, active learning, and self-monitoring) for use in program activities such as a peer-learning meeting and an e-learning module. The intervention program has been developed for practicing swine veterinarians, lasts eight months, and is evaluated through a stepped-wedge design. The Implementation Mapping approach ensured that all relevant adopters and implementers were involved, and that outcomes, determinants (influencing factors), and objectives were systematically discussed.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Swine; Streptococcus suis; Veterinarians; Anti-Infective Agents; Streptococcal Infections; Animal Diseases; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 38635508
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299905 -
Nutrients Mar 2024Media campaigns can reduce or promote the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Brief, US-based English-language online messages were gathered from searchable...
Media campaigns can reduce or promote the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Brief, US-based English-language online messages were gathered from searchable media platforms, a process that yielded 112 anti-SSB videos and 29 pro-SSB commercials. Using a combination of inductive and deductive methods, a content analysis of those messages was conducted to identify their properties. They were coded for the direction (pro vs. anti), target of the advocacy (e.g., consumption vs. policy), actor demographics (gender, age, and ethnicity), persuasive theme (e.g., excessive sugar, nurturing), and message sensation value. Anti-SSB appeals primarily targeted individual-level consumption behavior. They utilized six persuasive themes and often included more than one theme in a single message. Pro-SSB messages used feel-good themes and utilized only one theme per message. The proportions of adults, adolescents, and children differed by the direction of the advocacy. Black, Hispanic, and Asian actors were under-represented in the anti-SSB sample relative to Whites. Pro-SSB appeals were slightly higher than anti-SSB appeals in message sensation value ( = 0.09). The findings illuminate the message features that characterize the universe of brief anti-SSB appeals available online, highlight messaging disparities, and reveal the absence of certain common, effective persuasive themes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Asian; Black People; Ethnicity; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages; White; Black or African American; United States; Hispanic or Latino
PubMed: 38613038
DOI: 10.3390/nu16071005 -
Journal of Health Communication Apr 2024Guided by the eudaimonic media and the health persuasion literature, the current study explores how meaningful emotions elicited from entertainment media exposure...
Guided by the eudaimonic media and the health persuasion literature, the current study explores how meaningful emotions elicited from entertainment media exposure decreases anti-vaccination attitudes among vaccine-hesitant individuals. Results of a between-subjects experiment ( = 409) showed that participants who viewed meaningful music videos (vs. neutral videos) and vaccination messages embedded in the user-generated comments reported more empathy, less reactance, and less anti-vaccination attitudes. Multigroup analysis revealed that this association was held for participants who were hesitant about whether they would get fully vaccinated, but not for participants who were determined to not get vaccinated. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Health Communication; Young Adult; Mass Media; Vaccination Hesitancy; Adult; Persuasive Communication; Vaccination; Music; Adolescent
PubMed: 38590184
DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2339229 -
Journal of Health Communication Apr 2024Guided by the elaboration likelihood model and framing theory, this study explores the potential of short-form video platforms (e.g. TikTok), for targeted clinical trial...
Guided by the elaboration likelihood model and framing theory, this study explores the potential of short-form video platforms (e.g. TikTok), for targeted clinical trial recruitment. An online experiment compared doctor vs. peer-led videos addressing logistical or psychological barriers to participation, mimicking common TikTok communication tactics. Results indicate that high (vs. low) TikTok users are more persuaded by recruitment messages, and they exhibit stronger intentions to participate in clinical trials. Although doctor-sourced messages generate greater credibility and a more favorable message attitude, peer-sourced messages may be more effective in increasing participation intention. Lastly, doctor-sourced videos that address logistical barriers and peer-sourced videos that discuss psychological barriers result in higher self-efficacy for clinical trial participation. This study contributes to the growing body of research on new media's role in health communication and provides insights into how to strategically utilize TikTok and other short-form video platforms for clinical trial recruitment.
Topics: Humans; Persuasive Communication; Female; Male; Clinical Trials as Topic; Young Adult; Video Recording; Patient Selection; Adult; Intention; Health Communication; Peer Group; Adolescent; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38590176
DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2339237 -
The Journal of Medical Humanities Jun 2024Jane Austen normally avoids discussing appearance throughout her works. Persuasion constitutes the exception to the rule, as the story focuses on the premature aging...
Jane Austen normally avoids discussing appearance throughout her works. Persuasion constitutes the exception to the rule, as the story focuses on the premature aging experienced by her protagonist, Anne Elliot, seemingly due to disappointed love. Much has been written about Anne's "loss of bloom," but never from the perspective of psychoneuroimmunology, the field that researches the interrelation between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems. In this paper, we adopt a perspective of psychoneuroimmunology to argue that Austen established a connection between psychological distress, specifically lovesickness, and the development of early senescence signs, and vice versa, since the recovery of love is associated with happiness and physical glow. From a gender perspective, we discuss how Austen brightly reflected these interrelationships through the story of Anne, when the latest psychoneuroimmunological research has actually shown that women age earlier than men as a consequence of psychological turmoil.
Topics: Humans; Psychoneuroimmunology; Aging; Female; Persuasive Communication; Love; Male; Medicine in Literature
PubMed: 38575758
DOI: 10.1007/s10912-024-09845-1 -
PloS One 2024As video platforms such as Douyin, also known as TikTok's Chinese version, continue to grow, there is an increasing interest in the study of green advertising videos to...
As video platforms such as Douyin, also known as TikTok's Chinese version, continue to grow, there is an increasing interest in the study of green advertising videos to understand their audiovisual features and their impact on audience engagement. In this research, we specifically focus on green advertising within the automotive industry. Drawing on literature from sustainability, green advertising, and communication studies, we identified seven audiovisual aspects and three persuasive strategies pertinent to green automotive advertising videos. Utilizing a mixed-methods video analysis framework, we analyzed a dataset of 2,553 green automotive advertising videos on Douyin over three years from 15 June 2020 to 15 June 2023. These videos exhibited higher loudness, a faster pace, and longer durations compared to their non-green counterparts. We categorized three distinct types of green advertising videos on Douyin and established that specific audiovisual features and persuasive strategies are significantly correlated with audience engagement levels. This study not only delineates the audiovisual characteristics of green automotive advertising in China's digital space but also contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable marketing practices on social networks like TikTok. The findings extend image-centric research to video content and provide marketers with data-driven insights for crafting effective content creation strategies on Douyin.
PubMed: 38573890
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299496 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Jul 2024A health warning label (HWL) cautioning about the link between alcohol and cancer may be able to communicate alcohol risks to consumers and potentially counter... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
A health warning label (HWL) cautioning about the link between alcohol and cancer may be able to communicate alcohol risks to consumers and potentially counter health-oriented nutrition advertising on ready-to-drink alcoholic beverages. This study aimed to examine the independent and combined effects of nutrient content claims (e.g. 0 g sugar) and a HWL on perceived product characteristics and intentions to consume, and whether these effects differed by gender and age.
DESIGN
A between-subjects randomized experiment. Participants were randomized to view one of six experimental label conditions: nutrient content claims plus nutrition declaration (NCC + ND), ND only, NCC + ND + HWL, ND + HWL, HWL only and no NCC, ND or HWL, all on a ready-to-drink (RTD) vodka-based soda container.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Alcohol consumers (n = 5063; 52% women) in Canada aged 18-64 recruited through a national online panel.
MEASUREMENTS
Participants completed ratings of perceived product characteristics, perceived product health risks, and intentions to try, buy, binge and drink the product.
FINDINGS
Compared with the reference condition NCC + ND (current policy scenario in Canada), the other five experimental label conditions were associated with lower ratings for perceiving the product as healthy. All experimental conditions with a HWL were associated with lower product appeal, higher risk perceptions and reduced intentions to try, buy and binge. The experimental condition with a HWL only was associated with intentions to consume fewer cans in the next 7 days (β = -0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.37,-0.08) versus the reference. Few interactions were observed, suggesting that label effects on outcomes were similar by gender and age.
CONCLUSIONS
Health warning labels on alcohol packaging appear to be associated with lower product appeal, higher perceived health risks and reduced consumption intentions, even in the presence of nutrient content claims.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Alcoholic Beverages; Adolescent; Advertising; Food Labeling; Product Packaging; Canada; Persuasive Communication; Intention; Alcohol Drinking
PubMed: 38528612
DOI: 10.1111/add.16475 -
JMIR Formative Research Mar 2024Unobtrusive sensing technologies developed for monitoring deviant behaviors in older adult care require integration with an interaction platform to facilitate the flow...
BACKGROUND
Unobtrusive sensing technologies developed for monitoring deviant behaviors in older adult care require integration with an interaction platform to facilitate the flow of information between older adults and their caregivers. However, the continuous monitoring capabilities generate a considerable amount of data that must be interpreted, filtered, and personalized before being communicated to the informal caregivers based on their specific care needs and requirements.
OBJECTIVE
For the effective implementation of unobtrusive sensing solutions (USSs) in the care of older adults with cognitive impairment, we aimed to explore the expectations and preconditions regarding the implementation of USSs from the perspective of informal caregivers. Subsequently, we designed and evaluated a low-fidelity prototype of an interaction platform for its conceptual workflow and usability, incorporating persuasive system design features based on the needs and requirements of informal caregivers.
METHODS
Overall, 6 informal caregivers of older adults with cognitive impairment living alone participated in this qualitative interview study. We explored the expectation and preconditions regarding implementation through open-ended questions and conducted a formative evaluation (usability study with a think-aloud approach) to evaluate the conceptual workflow and used persuasive system design features in the interaction platform. Overall, a combination of inductive and thematic analyses was used to analyze the interviews.
RESULTS
The results of this study present both positive and negative outcome expectations regarding the implementation of USSs, highlighting benefits such as objective decision-making and peace of mind and concerns about information overload and the potential substitution of human contact. Strategic information communication agreements between informal and formal caregivers were deemed crucial for the successful implementation of USSs in care. Overall, informal caregivers had a positive experience with the low-fidelity prototype of the interaction platform, particularly valuing the personalization feature.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, to achieve successful implementation, a holistic design approach is necessary, and equal consideration should be given to the personalization-privacy paradox to balance users' needs and privacy.
PubMed: 38517461
DOI: 10.2196/53402