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Patient Education and Counseling Feb 2024Although health promotion scholars and practitioners frequently employ video-based promotion, its effectiveness remains uncertain due to mixed findings. Nuanced details... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Although health promotion scholars and practitioners frequently employ video-based promotion, its effectiveness remains uncertain due to mixed findings. Nuanced details regarding content and design also remain under-explored.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search across nine databases to identify relevant empirical research articles.
RESULTS
Our systematic review included a total of 54 studies, with 38 studies eligible for meta-analysis. Findings highlight the promising potential of video messaging strategies in promoting health behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS
Future research should focus on designing video content that targets detection behaviors within an appropriate length, guided by robust theoretical frameworks to maximize the efficacy of video promotion. More substantial evidence is needed to assess whether video promotion can achieve similar persuasive effectiveness across diverse cultural, political, and economic circumstances. Factors related to the audience (e.g., distinct psychological and personality influences) and message characteristics (e.g., length, credibility) should be further explored to better elucidate the relationship between video-based health promotion and health outcomes.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Health practitioners and organizations should incorporate video-based messages in interventions as supplement or alternative means to educate audiences of positive prevention methods, establish accurate attitude and intentions toward prevention behaviors, and increase their vigilance toward risky behaviors.
Topics: Humans; Health Promotion; Health Behavior; Communications Media
PubMed: 38070298
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.108095 -
Complementary Therapies in Clinical... Feb 2024The role of the patient in hypnotherapy can be underestimated by both the therapist and the patient. This is likely due to the focus the hypnosis literature has had on...
The role of the patient in hypnotherapy can be underestimated by both the therapist and the patient. This is likely due to the focus the hypnosis literature has had on the role played by the hypnotist/therapist and less on the phenomenological control (control over subjective experience) applied by the patient. Whilst early approaches to hypnosis and hypnotherapy included concepts such as autosuggestion and self-hypnosis, the role of the self has been largely overlooked. Here we aim to highlight the importance of the self in hypnotherapy and hypnosis by considering the concept of self-hypnosis and how it relates to hetero-hypnosis. We will show that: 1) historically the self was an important component of the concept of hypnosis; 2) extant theories emphasise the role of the self in hypnosis; 3) self-hypnosis is largely indistinguishable from hetero-hypnosis; 4) self-hypnosis is as effective as hetero-hypnosis. We also argue that highlighting the role of the self in hypnotherapy and hypnosis could increase feelings of self-efficacy, especially given that it can be considered a skill that can be advanced and implies self-control and not "mind-control". Highlighting the role of phenomenological control by the patient could also increase the uptake of hypnotherapy as treatment for various disorders.
Topics: Humans; Hypnosis; Emotions; Self Efficacy; Brainwashing
PubMed: 38061322
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101810 -
Augmentative and Alternative... Jun 2024Children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are multimodal communicators. However, in classroom interactions involving children and staff,...
Children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are multimodal communicators. However, in classroom interactions involving children and staff, achieving mutual understanding and accomplishing task-oriented goals by attending to the child's unaided AAC can be challenging. This study draws on excerpts of video recordings of interactions in a classroom for 6-9-year-old children who used AAC to explore how three child participants used the range of multimodal resources available to them - vocal, movement-based, and gestural, technological, temporal - to shape (and to some degree, co-control) classroom interactions. Our research was concerned with examining achievements and problems in establishing a sense of common ground and the realization of child agency. Through detailed multimodal analysis, this paper renders visible different types of practices rejecting a request for clarification, drawing new parties into a conversation, disrupting whole-class teacher talk-through which the children in the study voiced themselves in persuasive ways. It concludes by suggesting that multimodal accounts paint a more nuanced picture of children's resourcefulness and conversational asymmetry that highlights children's agency amidst material, semiotic, and institutional constraints.
Topics: Humans; Communication Aids for Disabled; Child; Male; Female; Communication Disorders; Gestures; Schools; School Teachers; Interpersonal Relations; Video Recording
PubMed: 38047627
DOI: 10.1080/07434618.2023.2283853 -
Heliyon Nov 2023The abstract which complements proposals, articles, and dissertations, is a remarkable convention in scientific studies since it creates access for readers and authors...
The abstract which complements proposals, articles, and dissertations, is a remarkable convention in scientific studies since it creates access for readers and authors to read or publish studies or articles. Research abstracts (RA) function as the gateway to view an article, journals' selection for contributions, and for conferences to accept or reject articles (Lores, 2004) In this study, we aimed to investigate the preferences of writers in 160 PhD dissertation abstracts, encompassing both male and female native and non-native authors, across various fields of study, both in the hard and soft sciences. Our primary objective was to discern the writers' inclinations towards utilizing specific linguistic resources, as proposed by Martin and White's Appraisal theory (2005), to convey their positions and engage with the perspectives articulated by their peers. The analysis of the data, conducted using statistical methods, unveiled a pervasive utilization of appraisal resources by the writers, enabling them to articulate their viewpoints, prospects, perceptions, and evaluations concerning diverse subjects. Among these resources, Attitude resources stood out prominently, constituting a substantial 84% of the total Appraisal resources employed in all the abstracts. Graduation resources held an intermediate position, while Engagement resources were the least utilized. Within the realm of Attitude subcategories, Appreciation resources emerged as the most prevalent. Remarkably, female authors specializing in the soft sciences displayed a higher degree of proficiency in the use of these resources, surpassing their counterparts in other categories. This finding suggests that female writers in the soft sciences possess exceptional interpersonal communication skills, making them particularly persuasive and inspirational. The implications of this study extend to the domains of language teaching and learning, material development, and syllabus design. It sheds light on how writers employ linguistic resources to convey their positions effectively, offering valuable insights for educational practices and curriculum enhancement.
PubMed: 38027711
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22074 -
American Journal of Health Promotion :... Mar 2024Identify how early COVID-19 public health messages incorporated in the tenets of the extended parallel process model (EPPM).
PURPOSE
Identify how early COVID-19 public health messages incorporated in the tenets of the extended parallel process model (EPPM).
SETTING
YouTube videos developed by governmental departments, medical institutions, news organizations, and non-profit organizations in the United States were aggregated.
METHOD
This qualitative study conducted a keyword search to identify public service announcements (PSAs). The sample was further refined after searching PSAs that contained fear appeals. A thematic analysis was performed by using the constant comparative method.
SAMPLE
A total of forty-three videos was included in the final analysis.
RESULT
Two themes emerged regarding messages aimed at arousing the perceived severity of threat. These themes include emphasizing the consequences of being infected and utilizing personal narratives. Perceived susceptibility of threat was aroused by emphasizing that some groups have higher risks than others. Two themes emerged around arousing perceived response efficacy: (1) the authority of professionals; and (2) altruism and personal responsibility. One way was identified to arouse perceived self-efficacy, which is informing the protective measures.
CONCLUSION
Multiple strategies were used in PSAs about COVID-19 to arouse fear during the early stages of the pandemic. The utilization of self-efficacy was oversimplified, by not providing details about the rationale for the recommended behavior.
Topics: Humans; United States; Persuasive Communication; COVID-19; Fear; Public Health; Psychological Theory
PubMed: 38015920
DOI: 10.1177/08901171231218689 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Enhancing public awareness for epidemic prevention is crucial for safeguarding public health. This experimental study investigated the effectiveness of a combined...
Enhancing public awareness for epidemic prevention is crucial for safeguarding public health. This experimental study investigated the effectiveness of a combined approach involving three persuasive elements in public health advertising. Specifically, the study examined the interplay between emotional appeals (fear messages versus efficacy messages) and spokesperson type on the public's response to health announcements. The results demonstrated that fear messages were more persuasive when conveyed by real human spokespersons (versus animated spokespersons), whereas efficacy messages were more acceptable when conveyed by animated spokespersons (versus real humans). Furthermore, the study revealed that the impact of emotional appeals and spokesperson type is moderated by benefit appeals (self-benefit or other-benefit). The joint effects of these persuasive variables on individuals' intention to adopt preventive measures indicated that the interactions significantly differed across the two types of benefit appeal. Taken together, the findings represent a pioneering contribution to the field of health communication by comparing the persuasive effects of different combinations of emotional appeals, spokesperson types, and benefit appeals on public behavior. These findings offer practical guidance for public communicators to design more appropriate health advertisements based on the results of this study, thereby enhancing public acceptance of disease prevention measures.
PubMed: 37998664
DOI: 10.3390/bs13110917 -
Patient Education and Counseling Feb 2024Current dietary recommendations for MS suggest following national dietary guidelines developed for the general population. The aim of this study was to explore the...
OBJECTIVES
Current dietary recommendations for MS suggest following national dietary guidelines developed for the general population. The aim of this study was to explore the interpretation of MS-targeted nutrition messages.
METHODS
Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion, three nutrition messages were developed targeting the strongest evidence for MS: vitamin D, dietary fat, and dietary diversity. Semi-structured interviews including the cognitive 'thinking-aloud' technique were used to test the messages with adults living with MS. Data were transcribed and coded thematically.
RESULTS
Theoretical saturation was reached by 15 interviews. The data corpus indicated three themes and seven subthemes. The data revealed that people living with MS changed their diet after MS diagnosis. Dietary change was due to uncertainty, fear of disease progression and risk of relapse. The admiration and scepticism of extremist MS diets depended on personal vulnerability and support from health care professionals. The unique MS journey appeared influential to message interpretation; driven by engagement, practicality, and credibility.
CONCLUSION
The interpretation of targeted nutrition messages revealed that dietary changes made after diagnosis are a coping mechanism to improve sense of control and self-management.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
The potential psychological benefit of dietary change for MS management must be prioritised using person-centred care.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Diet; Nutritional Status; Persuasive Communication; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 37952402
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.108039 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... May 2024Pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on waterpipe (WP) tobacco packages represent a better strategy for communicating the health risks associated with WP use and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on waterpipe (WP) tobacco packages represent a better strategy for communicating the health risks associated with WP use and promoting quit intention than text-only. However, the mechanism by which these warnings lead to higher intentions to quit remains unknown.
AIMS AND METHODS
This study explores how pictorial warnings versus text-only induces higher quit intention among a sample of young adult WP smokers in Lebanon. An online randomized cross-over experimental study was conducted in August 2021 among 276 young adult WP smokers who were exposed to two conditions: pictorial HWLs and text-only warnings on WP tobacco packages in random order. After each image, participants completed post-exposure assessments of health communication outcomes (eg, attention and negative affect). Using serial and parallel mediation analysis, we examined the role of attention, negative affect, cognitive elaboration, and perceived harm in mediating the relationship between exposure to HWLs and intention to quit.
RESULTS
Using serial mediation, exposure to pictorial warnings versus text-only was found to affect intention to quit through the following pathways: attention and negative affect, which accounted for 17.28% of the total effect, and through negative affect and cognitive elaboration, which accounted for 21.53% of the total effect. Results of parallel mediation showed that the indirect effect pathways via negative affect (β = 0.063; [95% bootstrap CI = 0.004 to 0.149]) and cognitive elaboration (0.047; [0.001 to 0.114]) were statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings call on designing and implementing attention-grabbing, emotionally evocative, and cognitively persuasive pictorial warnings in Lebanon and other countries to curb WP tobacco smoking.
IMPLICATIONS
This is among the first experimental studies looking at multiple mediators underlying the effect of exposure to pictorial HWLs on intention to quit in a sample of current WP smokers in Lebanon. The findings showed that using attention-grabbing, emotionally evocative, and persuasive pictures with a clear textual warning is crucial to maximizing the impact of implementing WP-HWLs regulations in Lebanon and other countries to curb WP tobacco smoking.
Topics: Humans; Lebanon; Male; Female; Product Labeling; Intention; Young Adult; Smoking Cessation; Adult; Mediation Analysis; Cross-Over Studies; Adolescent; Water Pipe Smoking; Tobacco, Waterpipe
PubMed: 37952202
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad223 -
Social Cognitive and Affective... Nov 2023Activity within the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) during encoding of persuasive messages has been shown to predict message-consistent behaviors both within...
Activity within the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) during encoding of persuasive messages has been shown to predict message-consistent behaviors both within scanner samples and at the population level. This suggests that neuroimaging can aid in the development of better persuasive messages, but little is known about how the brain responds to different message features. Building on past findings, the current study found that gain-framed persuasive messages elicited more VMPFC activation than loss-framed messages, but only when messages addressed outcomes that would be experienced by participants directly. Participants also perceived gain-framed messages as more effective than loss-framed messages, and self-reported perceptions of message effectiveness were positively correlated with VMPFC activation. These results support theories that VMPFC activity during message encoding indexes perceptions of value and self-relevance and demonstrate that established theories of persuasion can improve the understanding of the neural correlates of persuasion.
Topics: Humans; Persuasive Communication; Health Behavior; Prefrontal Cortex; Self Report; Health Promotion
PubMed: 37952097
DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad069 -
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health... Nov 2023Black and African American adults exhibited higher levels of mistrust and vaccine hesitancy and lower levels of vaccination throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination... (Review)
Review
Black and African American adults exhibited higher levels of mistrust and vaccine hesitancy and lower levels of vaccination throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination and booster uptake remains disproportionately low among Black adults. We conducted a systematic review of empirical research published between February 2021 and July 2022 from five electronic databases and the grey literature. We screened studies that assessed COVID-19 vaccination information needs and preferences as well as communication strategies among Black adults in the USA. We extracted data, then analyzed and synthesized results narratively. Twenty-two articles were included: 2 interventions, 3 experimental surveys, 7 observational surveys, 8 qualitative inquiries, and 2 mixed methods studies. Studies reported credible and preferred COVID-19 vaccination information sources/messengers, channels, and content. Commonly trusted messengers included personal health care providers, social network connections, and church/faith leaders. Electronic outreach (e.g., email, text messages), community events (e.g., forums, canvassing), and social media were popular. Black communities wanted hopeful, fact-based messages that address racism and mistrust; persuasive messages using collective appeals about protecting others may be more influential in changing behavior. Future communication strategies aiming to increase vaccine confidence and encourage COVID-19 booster vaccination among Black communities should be developed in partnership with community leaders and local health care providers to disseminate trauma-informed messages with transparent facts and collective action appeals across multiple in-person and electronic channels.
PubMed: 37947953
DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01858-1