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Environmental Science & Technology Nov 2023Polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) can be formed during the production of chlorinated paraffins...
Polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) can be formed during the production of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). Detection and accurate quantification of PCDD/Fs in CPs are challenging because of their matrix complexity. Therefore, the occurrence and formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs from CPs have not been studied extensively in the past. In this study, 15 commercial samples including solid and liquid CPs were collected in 2022 from China. The average ΣSCCP concentrations detected in the solid and liquid CPs were 158 and 137 mg/g, respectively. The average International Toxic Equivalent (I-TEQ) values of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F in solid and liquid CPs were 15.8 pg I-TEQ/g and 15.0 pg I-TEQ/g, respectively. The solid and liquid CPs had different predominant congener groups for SCCPs and PCDD/Fs. Possible formation routes for the generation of PCDD/Fs were analyzed by screening precursors in paraffin and laboratory-scale thermochemical experiments of CPs. The transformation between 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs and non-2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs was recognized by calculating the successive chlorination preference. The first reported occurrence of PCDD/Fs in CP commercial products indicated that exposure to CPs and downstream products might be an assignable source of PCDD/F emission, which is of great significance to further explore the control factors of PCDD/Fs in the whole life cycle of CPs.
Topics: Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Paraffin; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Benzofurans; Mineral Oil; China; Environmental Monitoring; Dioxins
PubMed: 37905521
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06378 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Feb 2024Isothiazolinones are a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis.
BACKGROUND
Isothiazolinones are a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence of positive patch test reactions to isothiazolinones from 2017-2020 and characterize isothiazolinone-allergic (Is+) patients compared with isothiazolinone nonallergic (Is-) patients.
METHODS
Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 9028 patients patch tested to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI) 0.02% aqueous, MI 0.2% aqueous, benzisothiazolinone (BIT) 0.1% petrolatum, and/or octylisothiazolinone (OIT) 0.025% petrolatum. Prevalence, reaction strength, concurrent reactions, clinical relevance, and source of allergens were tabulated.
RESULTS
In total, 21.9% (1976/9028) of patients had a positive reaction to 1 or more isothiazolinones. Positivity to MI was 14.4% (1296/9012), MCI/MI was 10.0% (903/9017), BIT was 8.6% (777/9018), and OIT was 05% (49/9028). Compared with Is-, Is+ patients were more likely to have occupational skin disease (16.5% vs 10.3%, P <.001), primary hand dermatitis (30.2% vs 19.7%, P <.001), and be >40 years (73.1% vs 61.9%, P <.001). Positive patch test reactions to >1 isothiazolinone occurred in 44.1% (871/1976) of Is+ patients. Testing solely to MCI/MI would miss 47.3% (611/1292) of MI and 60.1% (466/776) of BIT allergic reactions.
LIMITATIONS
Retrospective cross-sectional study design and lack of follow-up data.
CONCLUSION
Sensitization to isothiazolinones is high and concurrent sensitization to multiple isothiazolinone allergens is common.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Allergens; North America; Patch Tests; Petrolatum; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Thiazoles
PubMed: 37879460
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.032 -
Cureus Sep 2023This case presentation describes and justifies the use of petrolatum gauze that is impregnated with 3% bismuth tribromophenate (Xeroform) as a low-cost and effective...
This case presentation describes and justifies the use of petrolatum gauze that is impregnated with 3% bismuth tribromophenate (Xeroform) as a low-cost and effective alternative for synthetic skin grafts. Herein, we discuss clinical trials that demonstrate the benefits of utilizing Xeroform for second-intention healing as well as photographs of a case in which the authors used this method and followed a patient's wound-healing process over time.
PubMed: 37846243
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45307 -
Journal For Healthcare Quality :...Many medications are low-risk but must undergo the same ordering process as high-risk medications in the inpatient setting. Nurses identify the need for supportive...
BACKGROUND
Many medications are low-risk but must undergo the same ordering process as high-risk medications in the inpatient setting. Nurses identify the need for supportive medications and notify providers. An order panel and policy were developed to allow nurses to order low-risk, supportive medications.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to increase order panel utilization from a 6% to a goal of 15%.
METHODS
This was a quality improvement study at a 1000-bed academic medical center. Five plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were implemented. The primary end point was order panel utilization, and secondary end points were individual nursing unit utilization and the number of orders for each medication on the panel.
RESULTS
After each PDSA cycle, order panel utilization improved to 7.8%, 13.2%, 7.5%, 10.2%, and 10.6%, respectively. The units using the order panel most often were general medicine (n = 95, 28%), medical intensive care (n = 71, 21%), and inpatient oncology (n = 40, 12%). The medication most frequently ordered was lanolin alcohols-mineral oil with petrolatum (Eucerin) cream (n = 220, 28%).
CONCLUSIONS
Order panel utilization improved from a baseline of 6% to an average of 9.9%. Increasing awareness of the order panel and adding medications will contribute to improvement in order panel utilization in the long-term.
Topics: Humans; Inpatients; Academic Medical Centers; Quality Improvement; Critical Care; Medical Oncology
PubMed: 37820242
DOI: 10.1097/JHQ.0000000000000409 -
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2023[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/9882966.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/9882966.].
PubMed: 37810495
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9784861 -
Environmental Science. Processes &... Dec 2023The formation and sedimentation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) is the major method to transport spilled oil to the seafloor. In this study, the formation and...
The formation and sedimentation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) is the major method to transport spilled oil to the seafloor. In this study, the formation and sedimentation experiments of OMA using montmorillonite and four crude oils were performed in a wave tank in the presence of chemical dispersant. Most of the formed OMAs were droplet OMAs, and single droplet OMA would aggregate into multiple ones under the action of the dispersant. The size of the oil droplets trapped in the OMA increased with time and was larger for the oil with higher viscosity. The sinking velocities of OMAs formed in this study were between 100-1200 μm s and they were positively correlated with their diameter. The density of OMA was of the same order as that of the crude oil that formed them. An increase in the dispersant dosage could promote the formation of OMAs. The oil content in OMAs was higher for the denser oil in the presence of a dispersant. The maximum oil trapping efficiency of OMAs was 48.05%. This study provides fundamental data on the formation kinetics of OMAs.
Topics: Water Pollutants, Chemical; Petroleum; Mineral Oil; Geologic Sediments; Petroleum Pollution; Bentonite
PubMed: 37786335
DOI: 10.1039/d3em00327b -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A,... Nov 2023Methods for determining MOSH and MOAH in edible oils showed major problems with interlaboratory comparability of analytical results, especially in the lower...
Methods for determining MOSH and MOAH in edible oils showed major problems with interlaboratory comparability of analytical results, especially in the lower concentration range below 10 mg/kg. However, a method with improved sensitivity and reproducibility is urgently needed to obtain a valid data basis for minimization efforts. To cope this problem a new method was created in 2020. The method was established as the standard method DGF C-VI 22 (20) of the German Society for Fat Science e.V. (DGF). For the development of this method different sample epoxidation approaches have been performed, evaluated and improved. Additionally, a saponification, a decision tree for sample preparation, an upstream clean-up column and a system suitability test were introduced. The focus was on reliability and interlaboratory comparability over all edible oil matrices up to a LOQ of 1 mg/kg. The optimized method was validated in terms of trueness and precision in a collaborative trail with 11 laboratories. The achieved recovery rates of 89-105% MOSH and 70-105% MOAH met the JRC requirements. Method and validation results were obtained with HorRat values between 1.3 and 1.8 for MOSH and MOAH.
Topics: Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Mineral Oil; Chromatography, Gas; Reproducibility of Results; Food Contamination; Oils
PubMed: 37768112
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2258991 -
Respiratory Investigation Nov 2023Extrinsic lipoid pneumonia (ELP) results from the aspiration of lipid-containing substances. Tissue or cell histopathology after Oil-Red-O staining can confirm the...
Extrinsic lipoid pneumonia (ELP) results from the aspiration of lipid-containing substances. Tissue or cell histopathology after Oil-Red-O staining can confirm the diagnosis, which requires proper tissue handling and preparation during bronchoscopy. Here, we report a case of ELP in a quadriplegic patient with a long history of dysphagia and polyethylene glycol consumption. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed multiple, progressively enlarging, fat-attenuated, nodular pulmonary lesions. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and a transbronchial forceps biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia. We discuss the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of ELP and highlight the preparatory steps required for obtaining a successful diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Pneumonia, Lipid; Polyethylene Glycols; Mineral Oil; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Lung
PubMed: 37716285
DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.08.002 -
Pharmaceutical Research Sep 2023In vitro release testing (IVRT) is a widely used tool for evaluating the quality and performance of drug products. However, standardized sample adaptors or drug release...
PURPOSE
In vitro release testing (IVRT) is a widely used tool for evaluating the quality and performance of drug products. However, standardized sample adaptors or drug release apparatus setups for IVRT studies are still lacking for ophthalmic ointments. The aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of the impact of apparatus and sample adaptor setups on IVRT of ophthalmic ointments.
METHODS
Dexamethasone (DEX), a steroidal ingredient commonly used in ophthalmic drug products, was selected as a model drug. Ointments were prepared by mixing DEX in white petrolatum using a high shear mixer. A novel two-sided adapter was developed to increase the drug release surface area. DEX ointment was placed in one-sided or two-sided release adaptors coupled with 1.2 μm polyethersulfone membrane, and the drug release was studied in different USP apparatuses (I, II, and IV).
RESULTS
The sample adaptor setups had a minimal impact on cumulative drug release amount per area or release rate while USP IV apparatus with agitated flow enhanced drug release rates. The USP apparatus I with a two-sided semisolid adapter, which uses membranes on both sides, showed dramatically higher cumulative drug release and discriminative release profiles when evaluating ophthalmic formulations.
CONCLUSIONS
USP apparatuses and sample adaptors are critical considerations for IVRT. Two-sided semisolid adapter provides higher cumulative release, facilitating the discrimination between low drug content ophthalmic ointment formulations with good sensitivity and repeatability without affecting the drug release rate.
Topics: Drug Liberation; Ointments; Drug Compounding; Administration, Ophthalmic
PubMed: 37679656
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03586-x -
Molecular Pharmaceutics Oct 2023Pharmaceutical cocrystals ( ; Food and Drug Administration, 2018) are crystalline solids produced through supramolecular chemistry to modulate the physicochemical...
Pharmaceutical cocrystals ( ; Food and Drug Administration, 2018) are crystalline solids produced through supramolecular chemistry to modulate the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Despite their extensive development in interdisciplinary sciences, this is a pioneering study on the efficacy of pharmaceutical cocrystals in wound healing and scar reducing. Curcumin-pyrogallol cocrystal (CUR-PYR) was accordingly cherry-picked since its superior physicochemical properties adequately compensate for limitative drawbacks of curcumin (CUR). CUR-PYR has been synthesized by a liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) method and characterized via FT-IR, DSC, and PXRD analyses. antibacterial study indicated that CUR-PYR cocrystal, CUR+PYR physical mixture (PM), and PYR are more effective against both Gram-negative ( and ) and Gram-positive ( and ) bacteria in comparison with CUR. results also demonstrated that the viability of HDF and NIH-3T3 cells treated with CUR-PYR were improved more than those received CUR which is attributed to the effect of PYR in the form of cocrystal. The wound healing process has been monitored through a 15 day experiment on 75 male rats stratified into six groups: five groups treated by CUR-PYR+Vaseline (CUR-PYR.ung), CUR+PYR+Vaseline (CUR+PYR.ung), CUR+Vaseline (CUR.ung), PYR+Vaseline (PYR.ung), and Vaseline (VAS) ointments and a negative control group of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (NS). It was revealed that the wounds under CUR-PYR.ung treatment closed by day 12 postsurgery, while the wounds in other groups failed to reach the complete closure end point until the end of the experiment. Surprisingly, a diminutive scar (3.89 ± 0.97% of initial wound size) was observed in the CUR-PYR.ung treated wounds by day 15 after injury, followed by corresponding values for PYR.ung (12.08 ± 2.75%), CUR+PYR.ung (13.89 ± 5.02%), CUR.ung (16.24 ± 6.39%), VAS (18.97 ± 6.89%), and NS (20.33 ± 5.77%). Besides, investigating histopathological parameters including inflammation, granulation tissue, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition signified outstandingly higher ability of CUR-PYR cocrystal in wound healing than either of its two constituents separately or their simple PM. It was concluded that desired solubility of the prepared cocrystal was essentially responsible for accelerating wound closure and promoting tissue regeneration which yielded minimal scarring. This prototype research suggests a promising application of pharmaceutical cocrystals for the purpose of wound healing.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Rats; Cicatrix; Curcumin; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Wound Healing; Crystallization; Pyrogallol; Antioxidants; Petrolatum
PubMed: 37624646
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00398