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Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2024Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), known as Chen Pi in China, is the most commonly used medicine for regulating qi. As a traditional medicine, CRP has been extensively... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), known as Chen Pi in China, is the most commonly used medicine for regulating qi. As a traditional medicine, CRP has been extensively used in the clinical treatment of nausea, vomiting, cough and phlegm for thousands of years. It is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Sichuan, Fujian and Zhejiang in China. Due to its high frequency of use, many scholars have conducted a lot of research on it and the related chemical constituents it contains. In this review, the research progress on phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of CRP are summarized.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
The review aims to sort out the methods of extraction and purification, pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the chemical constituents in CRP, in order to elaborate the future research directions and challenges for the study of CRP and related chemical constituents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Valid and comprehensive relevant information was collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, PubMed and so on.
RESULTS
CRP contains a variety of compounds, of which terpenes, flavonoids and alkaloids are the main components, and they are also the primary bioactive components that play a pharmacological role. Flavonoids and terpenes are extracted and purified by aqueous and alcoholic extraction methods, assisted by ultrasonic and microwave extraction, in order to achieve higher yields with less resources. Pharmacological studies have shown that CRP possesses a variety of highly active chemical components and a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, therapeutic for cardiovascular-related disorders, antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a diversity in the chemical compositions of CRP, which have multiple biological activities and promising applications. However, the pharmacological activities of CRP are mainly dependent on the action of its chemical components, but the relationship between the structure of chemical components and the biological effects has not been thoroughly investigated, and therefore, the structure-activity relationship is an issue that needs to be elucidated urgently. In addition, the pharmacokinetic studies of the relevant components can be further deepened and the correlation studies between pharmacological effects and syndromes of TCM can be expanded to ensure the effectiveness and rationality of CRP for human use.
PubMed: 38942157
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118503 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Jun 2024Few studies have examined the effects of long-term childhood air pollution exposure on adult respiratory health, including whether childhood respiratory effects underlie...
RATIONALE
Few studies have examined the effects of long-term childhood air pollution exposure on adult respiratory health, including whether childhood respiratory effects underlie this relation.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate associations between childhood air pollution exposure and self-reported adult bronchitic symptoms, while considering child respiratory health, in the Southern California Children's Health Study.
METHODS
Nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone, particulate matter<2.5μm (PM) and <10μm (PM) exposures assessed using inverse-distance-squared spatial interpolation based on childhood (birth-17 years) residential histories. Bronchitic symptoms (bronchitis, cough, or phlegm in last 12 months) were ascertained via questionnaire in adulthood. Associations between mean air pollution exposure across childhood and self-reported adult bronchitic symptoms were estimated using logistic regression. We further adjusted for childhood bronchitic symptoms and asthma to understand whether associations operated beyond childhood respiratory health impacts. Effect modification was assessed for family history of asthma, childhood asthma, and adult allergies.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
1308 participants were included (mostly non-Hispanic White [56%] or Hispanic [32%]). At adult assessment (age mean=32.0 years, standard deviation [SD]=4.7) 25% reported bronchitic symptoms. Adult bronchitic symptoms were associated with NO and PM childhood exposures. Odds ratios per SD increase: 1.69 (95%CI:1.14,2.49) for NO (SD=11.1ppb); 1.51 (95%CI:1.00,2.27) for PM (SD=14.2µg/m). Adjusting for childhood bronchitic symptoms or asthma produced similar results. NO and PM associations were modified by childhood asthma, with larger associations among asthmatics.
CONCLUSION
Childhood NO and PM exposures were associated with adult bronchitic symptoms. Associations were not explained by childhood respiratory health impacts; however, participants with childhood asthma had stronger associations.
PubMed: 38940605
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1484OC -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Jun 2024Bronchobiliary fistulas are rare and difficult to treat. Peacock first reported this entity in 1850 while treating a patient with hepatic encopresis.
INTRODUCTION
Bronchobiliary fistulas are rare and difficult to treat. Peacock first reported this entity in 1850 while treating a patient with hepatic encopresis.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 67-year-old Chinese male patient presented to the outpatient clinic with a complaint of coughing up phlegm with chest tightness for 4 days with symptoms of intermittent bilirubin sputum with a sputum volume of about 500 ml per day but no symptoms of abdominal pain or jaundice and no yellow urine or steatorrhea. The examination revealed cyanosis of the lips and mouth, barrel chest, low breath sounds on the right side, and a large number of wet rales heard in both lungs. The imaging investigations were suggestive of bronchobiliary fistula. Therefore, the patient was operated on and discharged with no perioperative complications.
CONCLUSION
Bronchobiliary fistula should be considered diagnostically in patients with known liver disease who also experience trauma or medical treatment and cough up bile-colored sputum, regardless of the presence of concurrent infections, and in conjunction with radiological expertise to identify it. Here, we report a case of bronchobiliary fistula and a brief review of the literature on it.
Topics: Humans; Male; Bronchial Fistula; Biliary Fistula; Aged; Liver; Rupture; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38910252
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04620-1 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Jun 2024Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu Pleiones (PCsP), a traditional Chinese medicine known as ‶Shan-Ci-Gu″, possesses properties for clearing heat, counteracting toxicity,...
Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu Pleiones (PCsP), a traditional Chinese medicine known as ‶Shan-Ci-Gu″, possesses properties for clearing heat, counteracting toxicity, dissipating phlegm, and resolving masses. As a TCM with multiple bases, the dried pseudobulbs of Pleione bulbocodioides (PB), Pleione yunnanensis (PY) and Cremastra appendiculata (CA) are considered to be the official sources of PCsP. Additionally, several unofficial substitutes are also available in the market. To enhance the quality control of PCsP, an integrated strategy based on Q-marker was proposed. Initially, a study of integrating plant metabolomics, target isolation, structure identification, and activity testing afforded five Q-markers, including three new compounds. Furthermore, a quality evaluation method using a single standard to determine multi-components (SSDMC) based on Q-marker was established, which could effectively distinguish PB from CA and the counterfeit herbs. Finally, the transitivity of Q-markers was explored through a representative Chinese compound prescription containing PCsP. The results indicated that the identified Q-markers together with the established analysis methods could be effectively applied for quality control of PCsP and its preparations.
PubMed: 38908999
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465105 -
Fitoterapia Jun 2024Daphne genkwa, as a traditional medicine, is widely distributed in China, Korea and Vietnam. In China, the dried flower buds of this plant are named "Yuanhua". It has... (Review)
Review
Daphne genkwa, as a traditional medicine, is widely distributed in China, Korea and Vietnam. In China, the dried flower buds of this plant are named "Yuanhua". It has the ability to effectively promote urination, eliminate phlegm and alleviate cough, eliminate parasites and cure of scabies, with a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects and considerable clinical efficacy. This paper provides a summary and classification of the main chemical constituents of D. genkwa based on a review of relevant domestic and foreign literature. It also outlines the current research status of traditional clinical usage, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of D. genkwa. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for further study of D. genkwa and its potential new clinical applications.
PubMed: 38906384
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106089 -
Medicine Jun 2024Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rare disease and common type of autoimmune encephalitis. The prognosis of patients with comorbid...
RATIONALE
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rare disease and common type of autoimmune encephalitis. The prognosis of patients with comorbid disorders of consciousness is poor, and no such acupuncture treatment has been reported. We report a case of acupuncture in anti-NMDAR encephalitis with a high cerebrospinal fluid titer combined with impaired consciousness.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 13-year-old girl with anti-NMDAR encephalitis presented to our hospital with impaired consciousness.
DIAGNOSES
Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. According to the Chinese medicine theory, the diagnosis was Shenhun(phlegm obstructs the clear orifices).
INTERVENTIONS
Depending on the patient's condition, we used the Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture therapeutic method.
OUTCOMES
After 16 weeks of acupuncture treatment, the patient awoke and resumed a normal life with no recurrence at one-year follow-up.
CONCLUSION
This case demonstrated that acupuncture can be used as a complementary and alternative treatment for anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Topics: Humans; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; Female; Adolescent; Acupuncture Therapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38905425
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038546 -
Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia-Tang regulates liver-gut axis to ameliorate Metabolic Syndrome in HFD-fed mice.Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jan 2024Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, and abnormal blood lipid levels, is the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases....
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, and abnormal blood lipid levels, is the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases. Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia-Tang decoction (GT) was first described in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, the earliest traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monograph on diagnosis and treatment of miscellaneous diseases in China. According to TCM precepts, based on its ability to activate yang to release stagnation, activate qi to reduce depression, remove phlegm, and broaden the chest, GT has been used for more than 2,000 years to treat cardiovascular ailments. However, the molecular bases of its therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify lipid- and glucose-related hepatic genes differentially regulated by GT, and to assess GT impact on gut microbiota composition, in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
ApoE/ mice were fed with an HFD for 24 weeks, with or without concurrent GT supplementation, to induce MetS. At the study's end, body weight, visceral fat weight, blood lipid levels, and insulin sensitivity were measured, and histopathological staining was used to evaluate hepatosteatosis and intestinal barrier integrity. Liver transcriptomics was used for analysis of differentially expressed genes in liver and prediction of relevant regulatory pathways. Hepatic lipid/glucose metabolism-related genes and proteins were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Gut microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
GT administration reduced MetS-related liver steatosis and weight gain, promoted insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, and beneficially modulated gut microbiota composition by decreasing the relative abundance of g_Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and increasing the relative abundance of g_Alistipes. Liver transcriptomics revealed that GT regulated the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism (Pparγ, Igf1, Gpnmb, and Trem2) and of genes encoding chemokines/chemokine receptors (e.g. Cxcl9 and Cx3cr1). Significant, positive correlations were found for Ccr2, Ccl4, Ccr1, and Cx3cr1 and the g_Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and between Cxcl9, Ccr2, Ccl4, and Cx3cr1 and g_Desulfovibrio. GT treatment downregulated the protein expressions of SCD1 and CX3CR1 and upregulated the expression of PCK1 protein.
CONCLUSION
GT supplementation alleviates HFD-induced MetS in mice by improving hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. The anti-metabolic syndrome effects of GT may be related to the regulation of the gut-liver axis.
PubMed: 38901285
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155320 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jun 2024Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The complications of TACE include biliary tract...
BACKGROUND
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The complications of TACE include biliary tract infection, liver dysfunction, tumor lysis syndrome, biloma, partial intestinal obstruction, cerebral lipiodol embolism, . There are few reports about tracheal fistula induced by TACE.
CASE SUMMARY
A 42-year-old man came to our hospital with cough and expectoration for 1 month after TACE for HCC. Laboratory test results showed abnormalities of albumin, hemoglobin, prothrombin time, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and prothrombin. Culture of both phlegm and liver pus revealed growth of . Computed tomography showed infection in the inferior lobe of the right lung and a low-density lesion with gas in the right liver. Liver ultrasound showed that there was a big hypoechoic liquid lesion without blood flow signal. Drainage for liver abscess by needle puncture under ultrasonic guidance was performed. After 1 month of drainage and anti-infection therapy, the abscess in the liver and the infection in the lung were reduced obviously, and the symptom of expectoration was relieved.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of complications of liver abscess and tracheal fistula after TACE for HCC. Drainage for liver abscess by needle puncture under ultrasonic guidance could relieve the liver abscess and tracheal fistula.
PubMed: 38899298
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i16.2911 -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2024As a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., also known as flat-ling Ganoderma (Chinese name bianlingzhi), old mother fungus... (Review)
Review
As a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., also known as flat-ling Ganoderma (Chinese name bianlingzhi), old mother fungus (laomujun), and old ox liver (laoniugan), has high medicinal value. It is used as an anti-cancer drug in China and Japan. Besides, it can treat rheumatic tuberculosis and has the effect of relieving pain, clearing away heat, eliminating accumulation, stopping bleeding and eliminating phlegm. The purpose of this review is to analyze the research progress systematically and comprehensively in mycology, mycochemistry and pharmacological activities of G. applanatum, and discuss the prospect of prospective research and implementation of this medicinal material. A comprehensive literature search was performed on G. applanatum using scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Elsevier. Collected data from different sources was comprehensively summarized for mycology, mycochemistry and pharmacology of G. applanatum. A total of 324 compounds were recorded, the main components of which were triterpenoids, meroterpenoids, steroids, and polysaccharides. G. applanatum and its active ingredients have a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor, liver protection, hypoglycemic, anti-fat, anti-oxidation, antibacterial and other activities. Although G. applanatum is widely used in traditional medicine and has diverse chemical constituents, more studies should be carried out in animals and humans to evaluate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its biological activity.
Topics: Ganoderma; Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 38884263
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024053900 -
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Jun 2024Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Conventional treatment options for TNBC often have limited efficacy and significant side...
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Conventional treatment options for TNBC often have limited efficacy and significant side effects. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown promising results in the treatment of TNBC. TCMs include herb combinations that have synergistic effects to regulate homeostasis in the body, reduce tumor resistance, and improve patient quality of life. At present, three main TCM methods are used to treat TNBC in the clinic: strengthening the body's resistance, dispelling phlegm, and removing cancer toxins. This paper reviews the theories and mechanisms of each in TNBC treatment. The method of strengthening the body's resistance emphasizes enhancing the body's original Qi to fight against pathogenic factors; the method of dispelling phlegm seeks to eliminate phlegm stagnation and alleviate the burden on affected organs; the method of removing cancer toxins focuses on detoxification and detumescence to remove the toxic elements associated with TNBC. Although these methods treat TNBC from different etiologies, they have achieved good therapeutic effects and represent an important academic approach: That is, to cure the disease with a comprehensive view of the body and restore the balance of Yin and Yang. This knowledge lays a foundation for the future development and reasonable application of TCM in the clinic.
PubMed: 38879747
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X2450040X