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Zhongguo Zhen Jiu = Chinese Acupuncture... May 2024To explore the rules of acupoint selection and pattern-acupoint relationship in treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion for endometriosis (EMs) based on complex... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
[Rules of acupoint selection and pattern-acupoint relationship in treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion for endometriosis based on complex network analysis technology].
OBJECTIVE
To explore the rules of acupoint selection and pattern-acupoint relationship in treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion for endometriosis (EMs) based on complex network analysis technology.
METHODS
The articles for clinical trial of EMs treated with acupuncture and moxibustion were searched from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane Library from the inception of the databases to December 14, 2022. Using Microsoft Excel 2019 software, the database was established to collect the use frequency of acupoint, meridian tropism, location and pattern-acupoint relationship. SPSS Modeler 18.0 Apriori algorithm was adopted to conduct the association rule analysis, Cytoscape3.7.2 software was used to plot the complex co-occurrence network map; and SPSS Statistics 26.0 was adopted to perform hierarchical cluster analysis on high-frequency acupoints and a tree diagram was drawn.
RESULTS
A total of 163 articles were included, and 167 core acupoint prescriptions and 74 pattern-associated acupoint prescriptions were extracted, involving 92 acupoints, with a cumulative frequency of 1 223 times. The top five acupoints with the highest use frequency were Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Zigong (EX-CA 1) and Qihai (CV 6). The selected acupoints were mostly distributed in the chest, abdomen and lower limbs; and the involved meridians included the conception vessel, the spleen meridian of foot- and the stomach meridian of foot-. The acupoint compatibility of high frequency referred to Guanyuan (CV 4) - Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Guanyuan (CV 4) - Zhongji (CV 3), and Guanyuan (CV 4) - Zigong (EX-CA 1). The close association was presented among Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Qihai (CV 6) and Zhongji (CV 3), which had the strongest connection with the other acupoints; among the top 25 acupoints with the highest use frequency, 5 acupoint prescriptions with high frequency were obtained by the cluster analysis. Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zigong (EX-CA 1) and Zhongji (CV 3) were selected for cold and blood stagnation; Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Dahe (KI 12) and Taixi (KI 3) for kidney deficiency and blood stagnation; Zhongji (CV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Xuehai (SP 10) and Diji (SP 8) for and blood stagnation; Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Xuehai (SP 10), and Zigong (EX-CA 1) for deficiency and blood stagnation; Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Fenglong (ST 40), Zhongliao (BL 33), Ciliao (BL 32) and Xialiao (BL 34) for interaction of phlegm and stasis; and Daheng (SP 15), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Qihai (CV 6) and Zhongwan (CV 12) for retention of damp and heat.
CONCLUSION
The core acupoints are Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Qihai (CV 6) and Zigong (EX-CA 1) in treatment of endometriosis with acupuncture and moxibustion. Six patterns/syndromes are involved in clinical practice. In terms of the properties, functions and indications, the supplementary acupoints are selected on the basis of the core acupoints for different patterns/sydnromes of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Female; Moxibustion; Endometriosis; Acupuncture Points; Acupuncture Therapy
PubMed: 38764113
DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20230724-k0003 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Oct 2024Chuanminshen violaceum M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan (CV) is used as a medicine with roots, which have the effects of benefiting the lungs, harmonizing the stomach, resolving...
Extraction, characterization and intestinal anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of polysaccharide from stems and leaves of Chuanminshen violaceum M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Chuanminshen violaceum M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan (CV) is used as a medicine with roots, which have the effects of benefiting the lungs, harmonizing the stomach, resolving phlegm and detoxifying. Polysaccharide is one of its main active components and has various pharmacological activities, but the structural characterization and pharmacological activities of polysaccharide from the stems and leaves parts of CV are still unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal extraction conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from CV stems and leaves, and to carry out preliminary structural analyses, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the obtained polysaccharide and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The ultrasonic-assisted extraction of CV stems and leaves polysaccharides was carried out, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process to obtain CV polysaccharides (CVP) under the optimal conditions. Subsequently, we isolated and purified CVP to obtain the homogeneous polysaccharide CVP-AP-I, and evaluated the composition, molecular weight, and structural features of CVP-AP-I using a variety of technical methods. Finally, we tested the pharmacological activity of CVP-AP-Ⅰ in an LPS-induced model of oxidative stress and inflammation in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and explored its possible mechanism of action.
RESULTS
The crude polysaccharide was obtained under optimal extraction conditions and subsequently isolated and purified to obtain CVP-AP-Ⅰ (35.34 kDa), and the structural characterization indicated that CVP-AP-Ⅰ was mainly composed of galactose, galactose, rhamnose and glucose, which was a typical pectic polysaccharide. In addition, CVP-AP-Ⅰ attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factor genes and proteins and up-regulating the expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes and proteins in IPEC-J2, by a mechanism related to the activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that the polysaccharide isolated from CV stems and leaves was a pectic polysaccharide with similar pharmacological activities as CV roots, exhibiting strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting that CV stems and leaves could possess the same traditional efficacy as CV roots, which is expected to be used in the treatment of intestinal diseases.
Topics: Plant Leaves; Polysaccharides; Animals; Plant Stems; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Mice; Swine; Plant Extracts; Intestines; RAW 264.7 Cells
PubMed: 38763374
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118357 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Oct 2024Belamcanda chinensis (L.) Redouté is widely distributed in East Asia, such as China, Russia and North Korea. Belamcandae Rhizoma is the sun-dried rhizome of B.... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) Redouté is widely distributed in East Asia, such as China, Russia and North Korea. Belamcandae Rhizoma is the sun-dried rhizome of B. chinensis and has a long history of traditional medicinal use. It was first recorded in the Shennong's Herbal Classic, and has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, eliminating phlegm and benefiting the pharynx.
AIM OF THE STUDY
To systematically study the source of Belamcandae Rhizoma, summarize the evolution of its medicinal properties, efficacy and the application history of its prescriptions, summarize its biological activity, phytochemistry, synthetic metabolic pathway and toxicology, and screen the Quality-Markers of Belamcandae Rhizoma according to the screening principle of traditional Chinese medicine Quality-Markers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All information available on Belamcandae Rhizoma was collected using electronic search engines, such as Pubmed, Web of Science, CNKI, WFO (www.worldfloraonline.org), MPNS (https://mpsn.kew.org), Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Library collections, Chinese Medical Classics.
RESULTS
The source of Belamcandae Rhizoma is B. chinensis of Iridaceae. It has a long history of application in China. It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, eliminating phlegm and promoting pharynx. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor and other physiological activities, and is safe and non-toxic at normal application doses. At present, tectoridin, iridin, tectorigenin, irigenin and irisflorentin are identified as the Quality-Markers of Belamcandae Rhizoma.
CONCLUSIONS
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Belamcandae Rhizoma has a long history of application, and multifaceted studies have demonstrated that Belamcandae Rhizoma is a promising Chinese medicine with good application prospects. By reviewing and identifying the Quality-Markers of Belamcandae Rhizoma, this study can help to establish the evaluation procedure of it on the one hand, and identify the shortcomings research on the other hand. Currently, there are few studies on the anabolism and toxicology of it, and future studies may focus on its in vivo processes, toxicology and adverse effects.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Rhizome; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Iridaceae; Ethnopharmacology
PubMed: 38754643
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118324 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Multiple targets are considered as the causes of ambient fine particulate matter [aerodynamic diameters of < 2.5 μm (PM)] induced lung function injury. Qiju granules...
INTRODUCTION
Multiple targets are considered as the causes of ambient fine particulate matter [aerodynamic diameters of < 2.5 μm (PM)] induced lung function injury. Qiju granules are derived from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula known as Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan (Lycium, Chrysanthemum, and Rehmannia Formula, QJDHW), which has been traditionally used to treat symptoms such as cough with phlegm, dry mouth and throat, and liver heat. This treatment approach involves attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis response. This study investigated the effects of Qiju granules on protecting lung function against PM exposure in a clinical trial.
METHODS
A randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial was performed among 47 healthy college students in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in China. The participants were randomly assigned to the Qiju granules group or the control group based on gender. Clinical follow-ups were conducted once every 2 weeks during a total of 4 weeks of intervention. Real-time monitoring of PM concentrations in the individually exposed participants was carried out. Data on individual characteristics, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and lung function at baseline and during the follow-ups were collected. The effects of PM exposure on lung function were assessed within each group using linear mixed-effect models.
RESULTS
In total, 40 eligible participants completed the scheduled follow-ups. The average PM level was found to be 64.72 μg/m during the study period. A significant negative correlation of lung function with PM exposure concentrations was observed, and a 1-week lag effect was observed. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEF), forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC (FEF), and forced expiratory flow at 25% of FVC (FEF) were significantly decreased due to PM exposure in the control group. Small airway function was impaired more seriously than large airway function when PM exposure concentrations were increased. In the Qiju granules group, the associations between lung function and PM exposure were much weaker, and no statistical significance was observed.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study showed that PM exposure was associated with reduced lung function. Qiju granules could potentially be effective in protecting lung functions from the adverse effects of PM exposure.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
identifier: ChiCTR1900021235.
PubMed: 38741765
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1370657 -
Molecular Biology Reports May 2024Peucedani Radix, also known as "Qian-hu" is a traditional Chinese medicine derived from Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. It is widely utilized for treating wind-heat colds...
BACKGROUND
Peucedani Radix, also known as "Qian-hu" is a traditional Chinese medicine derived from Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. It is widely utilized for treating wind-heat colds and coughs accompanied by excessive phlegm. However, due to morphological similarities, limited resources, and heightened market demand, numerous substitutes and adulterants of Peucedani Radix have emerged within the herbal medicine market. Moreover, Peucedani Radix is typically dried and sliced for sale, rendering traditional identification methods challenging.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We initially examined and compared 104 commercial "Qian-hu" samples from various Chinese medicinal markets and 44 species representing genuine, adulterants or substitutes, utilizing the mini barcode ITS2 region to elucidate the botanical origins of the commercial "Qian-hu". The nucleotide signature specific to Peucedani Radix was subsequently developed by analyzing the polymorphic sites within the aligned ITS2 sequences.
RESULTS
The results demonstrated a success rate of 100% and 93.3% for DNA extraction and PCR amplification, respectively. Forty-five samples were authentic "Qian-hu", while the remaining samples were all adulterants, originating from nine distinct species. Peucedani Radix, its substitutes, and adulterants were successfully identified based on the neighbor-joining tree. The 24-bp nucleotide signature (5'-ATTGTCGTACGAATCCTCGTCGTC-3') revealed distinct differences between Peucedani Radix and its common substitutes and adulterants. The newly designed specific primers (PR-F/PR-R) can amplify the nucleotide signature region from commercial samples and processed materials with severe DNA degradation.
CONCLUSIONS
We advocate for the utilization of ITS2 and nucleotide signature for the rapid and precise identification of herbal medicines and their adulterants to regulate the Chinese herbal medicine industry.
Topics: DNA, Plant; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Apiaceae; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Drug Contamination; Plants, Medicinal; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Nucleotides
PubMed: 38727924
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09557-8 -
Preventing Chronic Disease May 2024We estimated the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk level, and receipt of a breathing test among adults without...
We estimated the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk level, and receipt of a breathing test among adults without reported COPD in 26 states and the District of Columbia by using 2017-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Among adults without reported COPD, the 3 respiratory symptoms indicating COPD (chronic cough, phlegm or mucus production, shortness of breath) were common (each >10%). About 15.0% were at higher COPD risk (based on the number of symptoms, age, and smoking status); 41.4% of adults at higher risk reported receipt of a breathing test. Patient-provider recognition and communication of risk symptoms, appropriate screening, and follow-up are important for early diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Female; United States; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Adult; Aged; Prevalence; District of Columbia; Risk Factors; Young Adult; Adolescent; Mass Screening
PubMed: 38723273
DOI: 10.5888/pcd21.230399 -
Workplace Health & Safety May 2024Long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs) face a number of occupational hazards. One such hazard is exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DEE). However, this concept has yet to be... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs) face a number of occupational hazards. One such hazard is exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DEE). However, this concept has yet to be analyzed. To address this gap, a concept analysis was conducted to explore the effects of DEE in relation to lung cancer.
METHODS
Walker and Avant's eight-step concept analysis method was utilized: concept selection, analysis purpose, concept uses, defining attributes, model case, borderline case, antecedents and consequences, and empirical referents. PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant literature.
FINDINGS
Diesel engine exhaust was identified as a mixture of gases and particulates that are considered carcinogenic. Defining attributes of DEE for truckers include respiratory effects such as decreased peak flow and increased airway resistance leading to symptoms such as a phlegm-producing cough, eye and throat irritation, exacerbation of asthma symptoms, and allergic responses. The identified level of DEE exposure associated with these attributes is 75 μg EC/m for 1 to 2 hours daily or a long-term exposure of 10 μg EC/m. The conceptual definition of DEE in truckers was illustrated by the attributes, antecedents, consequences, model case, and empirical referents.
CONCLUSION
Lung cancer was identified as a significant consequence of occupational DEE exposure for LHTDs. This analysis highlights the need for future research to develop interventions that will safeguard truckers from the adverse health effects of DEE exposure.
PubMed: 38722109
DOI: 10.1177/21650799241248388 -
Cancer Management and Research 2024Baihe Gujin decoction is one of the most commonly used decoction in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of lung cancer. It can nourish yin and moisten the... (Review)
Review
Baihe Gujin decoction is one of the most commonly used decoction in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of lung cancer. It can nourish yin and moisten the lung as well as prevent phlegm from forming and stop coughing. On the one hand, Baihe Gujin decoction is characterized with extensive application, proven efficacy, a long history, and high safety. On the other hand, Baihe Gujin decoction can induce apoptosis of tumor cells, improve immune function and inhibit inflammation. The main anti-tumor components of this include kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, glycyrrhizin and β-sitosterol. Clinically, Baihe Gujin decoction can improve the adverse reactions caused by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy for lung cancer, enhance the quality of life of patients, and prolong their survival time. At present, there are a large number of clinical and basic researches on the treatment of lung cancer with Baihe Gujin decoction. In this paper, we mainly discussed the treatment of lung cancer with Baihe Gujin decoction through analyzing basic and clinical researches at home and abroad in the past 20 years. Through the discussion, we aimed to probe deeper into Baihe Gujin decoction for the treatment of lung cancer, thereby providing a broader idea for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
PubMed: 38707745
DOI: 10.2147/CMAR.S451657 -
Environmental Research Jul 2024In 2014, a fire at an open cut coalmine in regional Victoria, Australia burned for 6 weeks. Residents of the nearby town of Morwell were exposed to smoke, which...
In 2014, a fire at an open cut coalmine in regional Victoria, Australia burned for 6 weeks. Residents of the nearby town of Morwell were exposed to smoke, which included high levels of fine particulate matter (PM). We investigated whether the long-term effects of PM on respiratory health were moderated by diet quality. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of data collected 8.5 years after the mine fire from 282 residents of Morwell and 166 residents from the nearby unexposed town of Sale. Primary outcomes were respiratory symptoms. Exposure was coalmine fire-related PM and diet quality was assessed as Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) derived using the Australian Eating Survey (AES). The moderating effect of diet quality on respiratory outcomes associated with PM was assessed using logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. Diet quality was poor in this sample, with 60% in the lowest category of overall diet quality. Overall diet quality and fruit and vegetable quality significantly attenuated the association between PM and prevalence of chronic cough and phlegm. Sauce/condiment intake was associated with a greater effect of PM on COPD prevalence. No other moderating effects were significant. The moderating effects of overall diet quality and vegetable and fruit intake aligned with a priori hypotheses, suggesting potential protective benefits. While more evidence is needed to confirm these findings, improving diets, especially fruit and vegetable intake, may provide some protection against the effects of smoke exposure from fire events.
Topics: Humans; Particulate Matter; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Victoria; Aged; Adult; Fires; Air Pollutants; Environmental Exposure; Coal Mining; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 38685296
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119014 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Sep 2024Sangbaipi Decoction (SBPD) is an effective treatment for lung diseases caused by phlegm-heat obstruction according to Jingyue Quanshu, and soothes panting by purging the...
HEADINGS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Sangbaipi Decoction (SBPD) is an effective treatment for lung diseases caused by phlegm-heat obstruction according to Jingyue Quanshu, and soothes panting by purging the lung meridian. It is composed of anti-pyretic herbs (e.g., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Coptis chinensis Franch.) and antitussive herbs (e.g., Cortex Mori and Armeniacae Semen Amarum). Therefore, we hypothesized that SBPD has therapeutic effects on lung injury caused by influenza virus.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study aimed to explore anti-influenza activity, active components, and mechanisms of SBPD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The anti-influenza activities of SBPD were determined in 48 h drug-treated MDCK cell model using CPE and plaque reduction assays, and 24 h drug-treated A549 cells using qRT-PCR. The in vivo efficacy of SBPD (1.0 g/kg/day and 0.5 g/kg/day) was evaluated in PR8 infected BALB/c mice. The chemical component was assessed through HPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS analysis. Network pharmacology was built via TCMSP, GeneCards, DisgeNet, OMIM, DrugBank databases, and Cytoscape software. Additionally, TOA, HI and NAI assays were employed to investigate impact on the virus replication cycle with different concentrations of SBPD (2.5 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, or 0.625 mg/mL).
RESULTS
In MDCK infected with viruses A/PR/8/34, A/Hong Kong/1/68, or A/California/4/2009, the IC values of SBPD were 0.80 mg/mL, 1.20 mg/mL, and 1.25 mg/mL. In A549 cells, SBPD treatment reduced cytokine expression (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) (p < 0.05). In PR8 infected BALB/c mice, SBPD improved the survival rate of infected mice, reduced lung index (p < 0.05), protected lung tissue from pathological damage, and regulated cytokine overexpression (p < 0.05). 29 components of SBPD were identified in SBPD treated mouse serum including some phytochemicals targeting influenza proteins. HI and NAI assays suggested the potential antiviral mechanism of SBPD through inhibition of HA and NA.
CONCLUSION
This study is the first to demonstrate the anti-influenza and the anti-inflammatory effects of SBPD in vitro and in vivo. Its major anti-influenza phytochemicals were explored and its inhibitory effects on HA and NA protein were proved. It provides more options for anti-influenza drug discovery.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Dogs; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Humans; A549 Cells; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Mice; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication; Female; Lung
PubMed: 38663783
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118258