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Physiologia Plantarum 2024Phototropism movement is crucial for plants to adapt to various environmental changes. Plant P-type H-ATPase (HA) plays diverse roles in signal transduction during cell...
Phototropism movement is crucial for plants to adapt to various environmental changes. Plant P-type H-ATPase (HA) plays diverse roles in signal transduction during cell expansion, regulation of cellular osmotic potential and stomatal opening, and circadian movement. Despite numerous studies on the genome-wide analysis of Vitis vinifera, no research has been done on the P-type H-ATPase family genes, especially concerning pulvinus-driven leaf movement. In this study, 55 VvHAs were identified and classified into nine distinct subgroups (1 to 9). Gene members within the same subgroups exhibit similar features in motif, intron/exon, and protein tertiary structures. Furthermore, four pairs of genes were derived by segmental duplication in grapes. Cis-acting element analysis identified numerous light/circadian-related elements in the promoters of VvHAs. qRT-PCR analysis showed that several genes of subgroup 7 were highly expressed in leaves and pulvinus during leaf movement, especially VvHA14, VvHA15, VvHA16, VvHA19, VvHA51, VvHA52, and VvHA54. Additionally, we also found that the VvHAs genes were asymmetrically expressed on both sides of the extensor and flexor cell of the motor organ, the pulvinus. The expression of VvHAs family genes in extensor cells was significantly higher than that in flexor cells. Overall, this study serves as a foundation for further investigations into the functions of VvHAs and contributes to the complex mechanisms underlying grapevine pulvinus growth and development.
Topics: Vitis; Plant Leaves; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Plant Proteins; Phototropism; Pulvinus; Cell Membrane; Phylogeny; Multigene Family
PubMed: 38894644
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14380 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024Photorespiration is an essential process of phototropic organisms caused by the limited ability of rubisco to distinguish between CO and O. To understand the metabolic...
Photorespiration is an essential process of phototropic organisms caused by the limited ability of rubisco to distinguish between CO and O. To understand the metabolic flux through the photorespiratory pathway, we combined a mass spectrometry-based approach with a shift experiment from elevated CO (3000 ppm) to ambient CO (390 ppm). Here, we describe a protocol for quantifying photorespiratory intermediates, starting from plant cultivation through extraction and evaluation.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Mass Spectrometry; Photosynthesis; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase; Oxygen; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 38861088
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3802-6_15 -
Plant Physiology Jun 2024The asymmetrical distribution of auxin supports high intensity blue light (HBL)-mediated phototropism. Flavonoids, secondary metabolites induced by blue light and...
The asymmetrical distribution of auxin supports high intensity blue light (HBL)-mediated phototropism. Flavonoids, secondary metabolites induced by blue light and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), alter auxin transport. However, the role of TTG1 in HBL-induced phototropism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) remains unclear. We found that TTG1 regulates HBL-mediated phototropism. HBL-induced degradation of CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) was repressed in ttg1-1, and depletion of CRY1 rescued the phototropic defects of the ttg1-1 mutant. Moreover, overexpression of CRY1 in a cry1 mutant background led to phototropic defects in response to HBL. These results indicated that CRY1 is involved in the regulation of TTG1-mediated phototropism in response to HBL. Further investigation showed that TTG1 physically interacts with CRY1 via its N-terminus and that the added TTG1 promotes the dimerization of CRY1. The interaction between TTG1 and CRY1 may promote HBL-mediated degradation of CRY1. TTG1 also physically interacted with blue light inhibitor of cryptochrome 1 (BIC1) and Light-Response Bric-a-Brack/Tramtrack/Broad 2 (LRB2), and these interactions either inhibited or promoted their interaction with CRY1. Exogenous gibberellins (GA) and auxins, two key plant hormones that crosstalk with CRY1, may confer the recovery of phototropic defects in the ttg1-1 mutant and CRY1-overexpressing plants. Our results revealed that TTG1 participates in the regulation of HBL-induced phototropism by modulating CRY1 levels, which are coordinated with GA or IAA signaling.
PubMed: 38833579
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae322 -
Macromolecular Rapid Communications May 2024Molecular motor amphiphiles have already been widely attempted for dynamic nanosystems across multiple length-scale for developments of small functional materials,...
Molecular motor amphiphiles have already been widely attempted for dynamic nanosystems across multiple length-scale for developments of small functional materials, including controlling macroscopic foam properties, amplifying motion as artificial molecular muscles, and serving as extracellular matrix mimicking cell scaffolds. However, limiting examples of bola-type molecular motor amphiphiles are considered for constructing macroscopic biomaterials. Herein, this work presents the designed two second generation molecular motor amphiphiles, motor bola-amphiphiles (MBAs). Aside from the photoinduced motor rotation of MBAs achieved in both organic and aqueous media, the rate of recovering thermal helix inversion step can be controlled by the rotor part with different steric hindrances. Dynamic assembled structures of MBAs are observed under (cryo)-transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This dynamicity assists MBAs in further assembling as macroscopic soft scaffolds by applying a shear-flow method. Upon photoirradiation, the phototropic bending function of MBA scaffolds is observed, demonstrating the amplification of molecular motion into macroscopic phototropic bending functions at the macroscopic length-scale. Since MBAs are confirmed with low cytotoxicity, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) can grow on the surface of MBA scaffolds. These results clearly demonstrate the concept of designing MBAs for developing photoresponsive dynamic functional materials to create new-generation soft robotic systems and cell-material interfaces.
PubMed: 38805189
DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400261 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology May 2024Elevated interstitial fluid pressure within tumors, resulting from impaired lymphatic drainage, constitutes a critical barrier to effective drug penetration and...
BACKGROUND
Elevated interstitial fluid pressure within tumors, resulting from impaired lymphatic drainage, constitutes a critical barrier to effective drug penetration and therapeutic outcomes.
RESULTS
In this study, based on the photosynthetic characteristics of algae, an active drug carrier (CP@ICG) derived from Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) was designed and constructed. Leveraging the hypoxia tropism and phototropism exhibited by CP, we achieved targeted transport of the carrier to tumor sites. Additionally, dual near-infrared (NIR) irradiation at the tumor site facilitated photosynthesis in CP, enabling the breakdown of excessive intratumoral interstitial fluid by generating oxygen from water decomposition. This process effectively reduced the interstitial pressure, thereby promoting enhanced perfusion of blood into the tumor, significantly improving deep-seated penetration of chemotherapeutic agents, and alleviating tumor hypoxia.
CONCLUSIONS
CP@ICG demonstrated a combined effect of photothermal/photodynamic/starvation therapy, exhibiting excellent in vitro/in vivo anti-tumor efficacy and favorable biocompatibility. This work provides a scientific foundation for the application of microbial-enhanced intratumoral drug delivery and tumor therapy.
Topics: Animals; Photosynthesis; Mice; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorella; Drug Carriers; Humans; Combined Modality Therapy; Photochemotherapy; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Drug Delivery Systems; Indocyanine Green; Female
PubMed: 38711078
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02476-7 -
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = the... Mar 2024Insect visual electrophysiological techniques are important to study the electrical characteristics of photoreceptor cells and visual neurons in insects, including... (Review)
Review
Insect visual electrophysiological techniques are important to study the electrical characteristics of photoreceptor cells and visual neurons in insects, including electroretinography (ERG) and microelectrode intracellular recording (MIR). ERG records the changes of voltage or electric current in the retina of insects in response to different light stimuli, which occurs outside the cell. MIR records the changes in individual photoreceptor cells or visual neurons of an insect exposed to different lights, which occurs inside the cell. Insect visual electrophysiological techniques can explore the mechanism of electrophysiological response of insects' vision to light and reveal their sensitive light spectra and photoreceptor types. This review introduced the basic structure and the principle of ERG and MIR, and summarized their applications in insect researches in the past 20 years, which would provide references for elucidating the mechanism of light perception in insects and the use of insect phototropism to control pests.
Topics: Animals; Insecta; Electroretinography; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate; Vision, Ocular; Microelectrodes; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Electrophysiology
PubMed: 38646774
DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202403.032 -
Biomolecules Mar 2024A Type I reaction center (RC) (Fe-S type, ferredoxin reducing) is found in several phyla containing anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. These include the heliobacteria... (Review)
Review
A Type I reaction center (RC) (Fe-S type, ferredoxin reducing) is found in several phyla containing anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. These include the heliobacteria (HB), the green sulfur bacteria (GSB), and the chloracidobacteria (CB), for which high-resolution homodimeric RC-photosystem (PS) structures have recently appeared. The 2.2-Å X-ray structure of the RC-PS of revealed that the core PshA apoprotein (PshA-1 and PshA-2 homodimeric pair) exhibits a structurally conserved PSI arrangement comprising five C-terminal transmembrane α-helices (TMHs) forming the RC domain and six N-terminal TMHs coordinating the light-harvesting (LH) pigments. The structure lacked quinone molecules, indicating that electrons were transferred directly from the A (8-OH-chlorophyll (Chl) ) acceptor to the F [4Fe-4S] component, serving as the terminal RC acceptor. A pair of additional TMHs designated as Psh X were also found that function as a low-energy antenna. The 2.5-Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure for the RC-PS of the green sulfur bacterium included a pair of Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein (FMO) antennae, which transfer excitations from the chlorosomes to the RC-PS (PscA-1 and PscA-2) core. A pair of cytochromes (PscC) molecules was also revealed, acting as electron donors to the RC bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) ' special pair, as well as PscB, housing the [4Fe-4S] cluster F and F, and the associated PscD protein. While the FMO components were missing from the 2.6-Å cryo-EM structure of the Zn- (BChl) ' special pair containing RC-PS of , a unique architecture was revealed that besides the (PscA) core, consisted of seven additional subunits including PscZ in place of PscD, the PscX and PscY cytochrome serial electron donors and four low mol. wt. subunits of unknown function. Overall, these diverse structures have revealed that (i) the HB RC-PS is the simplest light-energy transducing complex yet isolated and represents the closest known homolog to a common homodimeric RC-PS ancestor; (ii) the symmetrically localized Ca-binding sites found in each of the Type I homodimeric RC-PS structures likely gave rise to the analogously positioned MnCaO cluster of the PSII RC and the Tyr RC donor site; (iii) a close relationship between the GSB RC-PS and the PSII Chl proteins (CP)43 and CP47 was demonstrated by their strongly conserved LH-(B)Chl localizations; (iv) LH-BChls of the GSB-RC-PS are also localized in the conserved RC-associated positions of the PSII Chl and Chl sites; (v) glycosylated carotenoids of the GSB RC-PS are located in the homologous carotenoid-containing positions of PSII, reflecting an O-tolerance mechanism capable of sustaining early stages in the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. In addition to the close relationships found between the homodimeric RC-PS and PSII, duplication of the gene encoding the ancestral Type I RC apoprotein, followed by genetic divergence, may well account for the appearance of the heterodimeric Type I and Type II RCs of the extant oxygenic phototrophs. Accordingly, the long-held view that PSII arose from the anoxygenic Type II RC is now found to be contrary to the new evidence provided by Type I RC-PS homodimer structures, indicating that the evolutionary origins of anoxygenic Type II RCs, along with their distinct antenna rings are likely to have been preceded by the events that gave rise to their oxygenic counterparts.
Topics: Chlorobi; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Bacteria; Apoproteins; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 38540731
DOI: 10.3390/biom14030311 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Feb 2024Optimal imaging strategies remain underdeveloped to maximize information for fluorescence microscopy while minimizing the harm to fragile living systems. Taking hint...
Optimal imaging strategies remain underdeveloped to maximize information for fluorescence microscopy while minimizing the harm to fragile living systems. Taking hint from the supercontinuum generation in ultrafast laser physics, we generated supercontinuum fluorescence from untreated unlabeled live samples before nonlinear photodamage onset. Our imaging achieved high-content cell phenotyping and tissue histology, identified bovine embryo polarization, quantified aging-related stress across cell types and species, demystified embryogenesis before and after implantation, sensed drug cytotoxicity in real-time, scanned brain area for targeted patching, optimized machine learning to track small moving organisms, induced two-photon phototropism of leaf chloroplasts under two-photon photosynthesis, unraveled microscopic origin of autumn colors, and interrogated intestinal microbiome. The results enable a facility-type microscope to freely explore vital molecular biology across life sciences.
PubMed: 38328159
DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577383 -
Nature Communications Feb 2024Crack formation observed across diverse fields like geology, nanotechnology, arts, structural engineering or surface science, is a chaotic and undesirable phenomenon,...
Crack formation observed across diverse fields like geology, nanotechnology, arts, structural engineering or surface science, is a chaotic and undesirable phenomenon, resulting in random patterns of cracks generally leading to material failure. Limiting the formation of cracks or "programming" the path of cracks is a great technological challenge since it holds promise to enhance material durability or even to develop low cost patterning methods. Drawing inspiration from negative phototropism in plants, we demonstrate the capability to organize, guide, replicate, or arrest crack propagation in colloidal films through remote light manipulation. The key consists in using plasmonic photothermal absorbers to generate "virtual" defects enabling controlled deviation of cracks. We engineer a dip-coating process coupled with selective light irradiation enabling simultaneous deposition and light-directed crack patterning. This approach represents a rare example of a robust self-assembly process with long-range order that can be programmed in both space and time.
PubMed: 38326305
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45365-1 -
Planta Feb 2024After blue-light exposure, ubiquitination of PHOTOTROPIN1 lysine 526 enhances phototropic responses. Arabidopsis blue-light photoreceptor, PHOTOTROPIN1 (PHOT1) mediates...
After blue-light exposure, ubiquitination of PHOTOTROPIN1 lysine 526 enhances phototropic responses. Arabidopsis blue-light photoreceptor, PHOTOTROPIN1 (PHOT1) mediates a series of blue-light responses that function to optimize photosynthesis efficiency. Blue-light sensing through the N-terminal sensory domain activates the C-terminal kinase activity of PHOT1, resulting in autophosphorylation. In addition to phosphorylation, PHOT1 lysine residue 526 (Lys526), after blue-light exposure, was found to carry a double glycine attachment, indicative of a possible ubiquitination modification. The functionality of PHOT1 Lys526 was investigated by reverse genetic approaches. Arginine replacements of PHOT1 Lys526, together with Lys527, complemented phot1-5 phot2-1 double mutant with attenuated phototropic bending, while blue-light responses: leaf expansion and stomatal opening, were restored to wild type levels. Transgenic seedlings were not different in protein levels of phot1 Lys526 527Arg than the wild type control, suggesting the reduced phototropic responses was not caused by reduction in protein levels. Treating the transformants with proteosome inhibitor, MG132, did not restore phototropic sensitivity. Both transgenic protein and wild type PHOT1 also had similar dark recovery of kinase activity, suggesting that phot1 Lys526 527Arg replacement did not affect the protein stability to cause the phenotype. Together, our results indicate that blocking Lys526 ubiquitination by arginine substitution may have caused the reduced phototropic phenotype. Therefore, the putative ubiquitination on Lys526 functions to enhance PHOT1-mediated phototropism, rather than targeting PHOT1 for proteolysis.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Arginine; Light; Lysine; Phosphoproteins; Phototropism; Plants, Genetically Modified; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 38305934
DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04332-2