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Microorganisms Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the disruption of the swine gut microbiota and histopathological changes caused by infection with enterotoxigenic . Fecal samples were...
This study aimed to evaluate the disruption of the swine gut microbiota and histopathological changes caused by infection with enterotoxigenic . Fecal samples were collected from piglets suffering from diarrhea post-recovery and healthy animals. Intestinal tissues were collected for histopathological changes. The results revealed histopathological changes mainly in the ileum of the infected animals compared to those in the ileum of the control and recovered animals. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealed that the diarrheal group exhibited the highest bacterial richness. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) corroborated the presence of dysbiosis in the gut microbiota following -induced diarrhea. While the normal control and infected groups displayed slight clustering, the recovery group formed a distinct cluster with a distinct flora. , , and were the dominant phyla in both the healthy and recovered piglets and in the diarrheal group. LEfSe and the associated LDA score analysis revealed that the recovered group exhibited dominance of the phyla and , while groups N and I showed dominance of the phyla and , respectively. The LDA scores highlighted a significant expression of the family in group R. The obtained findings will help in understanding the microbiome during swine colibacillosis, which will support control of the outbreaks.
PubMed: 38930615
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061233 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2024To assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica extract in alleviating halitosis and reducing the inflammatory response to halitosis-related bacteria. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica extract in alleviating halitosis and reducing the inflammatory response to halitosis-related bacteria.
METHODOLOGY
This investigation, using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract (PE), involved four aspects. First, we evaluated the effect on growth and aggregation of halitosis-related bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Solobacterium moorei, using a microdilution assay and scanning electron microscopy. Second, volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels were measured on individuals with halitosis in randomized short-term (26 participants) and double-blind randomized long-term trials (18 participants in each group) after rinsing with PE for 3, 6, and 12 h, and 28 days. Third, we analyzed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in TR146 cells using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Lastly, we assessed pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mRNA expression via the same experimental methods in a three-dimensional oral mucosal epithelial model (3D OMEM).
RESULTS
PE extract dose-dependently inhibited the growth of F. nucleatum (50% inhibition concentration [IC50]=0.079%), P. gingivalis (IC50=0.65%), and S. moorei (IC50=0.07%) and effectively prevented bacterial aggregation. Furthermore, VSC contents decreased significantly at 3, 6, and 12 h after rinsing with 5% PE compared with those in the control. Long-term use of mouthwash containing 5% PE for 28 days led to a significant decrease in VSC contents. PE attenuated the F. nucleatum- or P. gingivalis-stimulated mRNA expression and protein release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in TR146 cells. It also suppressed IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 secretion and TLR2 mRNA expression in F. nucleatum-induced OMEMs.
CONCLUSION
Our findings support the use of PE in oral care products to alleviate halitosis and it may reduce inflammation.
Topics: Phyllanthus emblica; Halitosis; Humans; Plant Extracts; Double-Blind Method; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Cytokines; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Time Factors; Male; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Treatment Outcome; Adult; Young Adult; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Fruit; Statistics, Nonparametric; Mouth Mucosa; Analysis of Variance; Sulfur Compounds
PubMed: 38922243
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0047 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024The human oral microbiome may play a role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this scoping review was to examine microbial diversity and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The human oral microbiome may play a role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this scoping review was to examine microbial diversity and differences in the composition of the oral microbiome between OSCC patients and healthy controls.
METHODS
A literature search (in PubMed and Embase.com) was performed on January 9, 2023. The outcome variables used from the included studies of this review were alpha- and beta diversity and oral microbiome composition profiles for each taxonomic level (phylum-, class-, order-, genus- and species level).
RESULTS
Thirteen out of 423 studies were included in this review compromising 1,677 subjects, of which 905 (54.0%) were OSCC patients and 772 (46.0%) were healthy controls. Most studies found a higher alpha diversity in the OSCC patient group and significantly different beta diversities between OSCC patient samples and healthy control samples. Studies reported more abundant (on phylum level), (on genus level), and (on species level) in OSCC patients. The healthy control group had more abundant (on phylum level), and (on genus level) and (on species level) according to most studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings show differences in oral microbiome diversity and composition in OSCC patients. Clinical implications demand continuing study. Development of internationally accepted standard procedures for oral sample collection and oral microbiota analysis is needed for more conclusive and clinically relevant comparisons in future research.
PubMed: 38919733
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1366153 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Jun 2024The rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, being triggered by the overuse or misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming sector. We evaluated...
The rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, being triggered by the overuse or misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming sector. We evaluated Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis BIONCL17752 strain, and characterized its probiotic potential to endure hostile gastrointestinal conditions. Genome sequencing analysis revealed probiotics traits, and gene clusters involved in bacteriocins, lactococcin A, and sactipeptides production. The absence of genes for antibiotic resistance, virulence, and biogenic amine production indicates the potential of probiotic strain. The BIONCL17752 strain was explored for antibiotic-free feed supplement for growth promotor in broiler chicken. The feed supplemented with 4 × 10 CFU/kg of probiotic strain, in combination with various concentrations of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 kg/tonne in starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively. A significant improvement of body weight 152 to 171 g/bird (p < 0.05), and a low feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.62, was achieved without using synthetic antibiotics for growth promotion. The results of biochemical, hematological, and histological examinations showed normal features, indicating that the treatment had no harmful effects on the bird's health. Reduced levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum are an indication of the health benefits for the treated birds. Microbial community analysis of fecal samples of poultry birds exhibited a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Probiotic treatment resulted in reduced Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) in the broiler's gut which highlights the benefits of probiotic dietary supplements. Importantly, the probiotic-fed group exhibited a high abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) such as glycoside hydrolases (GH), glycoside transferases (GT), and carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) hydrolases which are essential for the degradation of complex sugar molecules. The probiotic potential of the BIONCL17752 strain contributes to broilers' health by positively affecting intestinal microbiota, achieving optimal growth, and lowering mortality, demonstrating the economic benefits of probiotic treatment in organic poultry farming.
PubMed: 38904895
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10313-4 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2024The pathogenesis of oral cavity cancers is complex. We tested the hypothesis that oral microbiota dysbiosis is associated with oral cavity cancer.
OBJECTIVES
The pathogenesis of oral cavity cancers is complex. We tested the hypothesis that oral microbiota dysbiosis is associated with oral cavity cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with primary oral cavity cancer who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Matching healthy individuals were recruited as controls. Data on socio-demographic and behavioral factors, self-reported periodontal measures and habits, and current dental status were collected using a structured questionnaire and periodontal chartings. In addition to self-reported oral health measures, each participant received a standard and detailed clinical examination. DNA was extracted from saliva samples from patients and healthy controls. Next-generation sequencing was performed by targeting V3-V4 gene regions of the 16 S rRNA with subsequent bioinformatic analyses.
RESULTS
Patients with oral cavity cancers had a lower quality of oral health than healthy controls. Proteobacteria, Aggregatibacter, Haemophilus, and Neisseria decreased, while Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Gemella, and Fusobacteria increased in oral cancer patients. At the species level, C. durum, L. umeaens, N. subflava, A. massiliensis, and V. dispar were significantly lower, while G. haemolysans was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Major periodontopathogens associated with periodontal disease (P. gingivalis and F.nucleatum) increased 6.5- and 2.8-fold, respectively.
CONCLUSION
These data suggested that patients with oral cancer had worse oral health conditions and a distinct oral microbiome composition that is affected by personal daily habits and may be associated with the pathogenicity of the disease and interspecies interactions.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This paper demonstrates the link between oral bacteria and oral cancers, identifying mechanistic interactions between species of oral microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Dysbiosis; Mouth Neoplasms; Saliva; Case-Control Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Aged; Microbiota; Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Oral Health
PubMed: 38884817
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05770-8 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The study aimed to develop a quantitative colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique using the phenol red indicator (QLAMP-PhR) for detecting...
The study aimed to develop a quantitative colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique using the phenol red indicator (QLAMP-PhR) for detecting Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) levels in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and healthy individuals. QLAMP-PhR assays were conducted on 251 stool samples specific for the Fn FadA gene. Six primers were synthesized and utilized with master mix reagents, and a phenol red indicator was employed to enhance the QLAMP-PhR technique. A standard quantitative analysis curve was generated using a logarithmic function (absorbance vs. concentration) by serially diluting the copy number of genomic DNA templates (Fn ATCC25586). The CRC group exhibited a significantly higher abundance of Fn compared to the healthy control group (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the QLAMP-PhR technique effectively identifies Fn specifically by its gene for the key virulence factor FadA. Additionally, ideas for developing a real-time QLAMP-PhR test were presented. Compared to the traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, QLAMP-PhR offers several advantages including rapidity, simplicity, specificity, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness method that can quantitatively screen for Fn presence in normal populations. The QLAMP-PhR method represents a sensitive and specific amplification assay for the rapid detection of the Fn pathogen. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the application of QLAMP-PhR for detecting FadA in Fn.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Feces; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Colorimetry; Male; Female; Phenolsulfonphthalein; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Middle Aged; Aged; Fusobacterium Infections; Sensitivity and Specificity; Adult
PubMed: 38877111
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62846-x -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Jun 2024Legionella pneumonia is one of the most severe types of atypical pneumonia, impairing multiple organ systems, posing a threat to life. Diagnosing Legionella pneumonia is...
BACKGROUND
Legionella pneumonia is one of the most severe types of atypical pneumonia, impairing multiple organ systems, posing a threat to life. Diagnosing Legionella pneumonia is challenging due to difficulties in culturing the bacteria and limitations in immunoassay sensitivity and specificity.
CASE PRESENTATION
This paper reports a rare case of sepsis caused by combined infection with Legionella pneumophila and Fusobacterium necrophorum, leading to respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, myocardial damage, and electrolyte disorders. In addition, we systematically reviewed literature on patients with combined Legionella infections, analyzing their clinical features, laboratory results and diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
For pathogens that require prolonged incubation periods and are less sensitive to conventional culturing methods, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can be a powerful supplement to pathogen screening and plays a significant role in the auxiliary diagnosis of complex infectious diseases.
Topics: Humans; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Legionella pneumophila; Legionnaires' Disease; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Coinfection; Metagenomics; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Bacterial
PubMed: 38867173
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03097-4 -
Journal of Animal Science Jun 2024Mastitis is an important disease with economic and welfare implications in both clinical and subclinical states. The aim of this research was to sequence the...
Mastitis is an important disease with economic and welfare implications in both clinical and subclinical states. The aim of this research was to sequence the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to describe the microbial diversity and taxonomy of milk from clinically healthy ewes (Rambouillet, WF = 9; Hampshire, BF = 5). Experimental ewes represented a subset of a larger study assessing the impacts of divergent dietary zinc (Zn) concentrations [1× National Academics of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) recommendations = CON or 3× NASEM recommendations = ZnTRT] throughout late gestation and lactation. Milk was collected at four periods during early lactation (18 - 24 h, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d postpartum) and at weaning (84 ± 14 d postpartum). Somatic cell counts (SCC) were quantified, averaged, and classed (low: < 500 × 103; medium: 500 × 103 - 100 × 104; high: > 100 × 104 cells/mL). Milk samples (n = 67) were sequenced to identify bacteria and archaea; the most abundant phyla were Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Lentisphaerae, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Saccharibacteria TM7, and Verrucomicrobia. Mastitis pathogens were among the most relatively abundant genera, including Staphylococcus, Mannheimia, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas. Effects of breed, dietary Zn concentration, SCC class, and their two-way interactions on milk microbiome diversity and taxonomy were assessed within early lactation (using a repeated measures model) and weaning samples. Alpha-diversity metrics included Pielou's evenness, Faith's phylogenetic diversity, and Shannon's entropy indices. Main and interactive effects between Zn treatment, breed, SCC class, and period were variable in early lactation and not evident in weaning samples. Milk from BF ewes had increased Faith's phylogenetic diversity and Shannon's entropy, and differed in unweighted UniFrac composition (P ≤ 0.10). Milk from CON ewes had a reduced rate of composition change through early lactation (P = 0.02) indicating greater microbiome stability than ZnTRT ewe milk. These results support that milk is not sterile, and breed, dietary Zn concentration, and SCC class variably affect the milk microbiome. Findings from the current study provide important foundational insights into the effects of increased dietary Zn supplementation on longitudinal changes in the milk microbiome and associations with mammary gland health and mastitis.
PubMed: 38864526
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae163 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Microbial community composition is closely associated with host disease onset and progression, underscoring the importance of understanding host-microbiota dynamics in...
INTRODUCTION
Microbial community composition is closely associated with host disease onset and progression, underscoring the importance of understanding host-microbiota dynamics in various health contexts.
METHODS
In this study, we utilized full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to conduct species-level identification of the microorganisms in the oral cavity of a giant panda () with oral malignant fibroma.
RESULTS
We observed a significant difference between the microbial community of the tumor side and non-tumor side of the oral cavity of the giant panda, with the latter exhibiting higher microbial diversity. The tumor side was dominated by specific microorganisms, such as , sp. feline oral taxon 110, sp. feline oral taxon 100, and sp. feline oral taxon 078, that have been reported to be associated with tumorigenic processes and periodontal diseases in other organisms. According to the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, more than 9 distinct biomarkers were obtained between the tumor side and non-tumor side samples. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the oral microbiota of the giant panda was significantly associated with genetic information processing and metabolism, particularly cofactor and vitamin, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, a significant bacterial invasion of epithelial cells was predicted in the tumor side.
DISCUSSION
This study provides crucial insights into the association between oral microbiota and oral tumors in giant pandas and offers potential biomarkers that may guide future health assessments and preventive strategies for captive and aging giant pandas.
Topics: Ursidae; Animals; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Porphyromonas; Campylobacter; Mouth; Fusobacterium; Fibroma; Neisseria; Mouth Neoplasms; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 38863832
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1356907 -
Organic Letters Jun 2024Bacterial nonulosonic acids (NulOs), which feature a nine-carbon backbone, are associated with the biological functions of bacterial glycans. Here, an orthogonally...
Bacterial nonulosonic acids (NulOs), which feature a nine-carbon backbone, are associated with the biological functions of bacterial glycans. Here, an orthogonally protected 5-amino-7-azido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-d-glycero-l-gluco-2-nonulosonic acid related to ATCC 23726 NulO was synthesized from -acetylneuraminic acid with sequential performance of C5,7 azidation, C9 deoxygenation, C4 epimerization, and N5,7 differentiation. The C5 azido group in the obtained 5,7-diazido-NulO can be regioselectively reduced to differentiate the two amino groups.
Topics: N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Molecular Structure; Sugar Acids; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Azides
PubMed: 38861677
DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01861