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Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2024Qifu Yin (QFY) originates from "Jingyue Quanshu · Volume 51 · New Fang Bazhen · Buzhen" a work by Zhang Jingyue, a distinguished Chinese medical practitioner from the...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Qifu Yin (QFY) originates from "Jingyue Quanshu · Volume 51 · New Fang Bazhen · Buzhen" a work by Zhang Jingyue, a distinguished Chinese medical practitioner from the Ming Dynasty. QFY is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, and Polygalae Radix. QFY is frequently employed to address memory loss and cognitive impairment stemming from vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and related conditions. Our findings indicate that QFY can mitigate nerve cell damage. Moreover, the study explores the impact of QFY on the calcium ion pathway and sphingolipid metabolism in mice with myocardial infarction, presenting a novel perspective on QFY's mechanism in ameliorating myocardial infarction through lipidomics. While this research provides an experimental foundation for the clinical application of QFY, a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of its improvement mechanism remains imperative.
AIM OF THE STUDY
To clarify the regulatory mechanism of QFY on intestinal microecology in mice with memory impairment (MI).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The memory impairment mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine hydrobromide. Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into blank group, Ginkgo tablet group (0.276 g/kg), QFY high, medium and low dose groups (17.2 g/kg, 8.6 g/kg, 4.3 g/kg). The effect on memory ability was evaluated by open field and step-down behavioral experiments. The morphological changes of nerve cells in the hippocampus of mice were observed by pathological method. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the brain tissue of mice were detected. The expression levels of CREB, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Recombinant Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) in the hippocampus of mice were determined using immunohistochemistry. The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) related factors in the serum of mice was analyzed by ELISA. The levels of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The intestinal feces of mice were collected, and the 16S rDNA technology was used to detect the changes in intestinal microbiota microecological structure of feces in each group.
RESULTS
Behavioral experiments showed that the high-dose QFY group exhibited a significant increase in exercise time (P<0.05) and a decrease in diagonal time (P<0.05) compared to the model group. The medium-dose group of QFY showed a reduction in diagonal time (P<0.05). Additionally, the latency time significantly increased in the medium and high-dose groups of QFY (P<0.01). The number of errors in the low, medium and high dose groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01). The nerve cells in the CA1 and CA3 regions of QFY-treated mice demonstrated close arrangement and clear structure. Furthermore, the content of SOD significantly increased (P<0.01) and the content of MDA significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the low and high-dose QFY groups. The content of CAT in the medium-dose group significantly increased (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of APP expression particles in the CA1 and CA3 regions of all QFY groups. Moreover, BDNF expression significantly increased in the medium and high-dose groups, while CREB expression significantly increased in the low and medium-dose groups of QFY within the CA1 and CA3 regions. Serum analysis revealed significant increases in CREB content in the low, medium, and high dose groups of QFY (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05), and decreases in NMDAR content across all QFY dose groups (P<0.01). PCR analysis showed a significant decrease in the contents of ASK1 and JNK in the medium-dose group (P<0.01). Microecological analysis of intestinal microbiota demonstrated a significant restoration trend in the relative abundance of Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia (P<0.01 or P<0.05) at the phylum level in the QFY groups. At the genus level, Akkermansia, Paramuribaculum, Herminiimonas, Erysipelatoclostridium and other genera in the QFY groups showed a significant trend of relative abundance restoration (P<0.01 or P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
QFY can improve the memory of MI animals induced by scopolamine hydrobromide by restoring the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota and regulating related indexes in serum and brain tissue.
PubMed: 38851472
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118445 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Crohn's disease (CD)-associated periodontitis is common. However, the role of periodontal pathogens in the Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
Crohn's disease (CD)-associated periodontitis is common. However, the role of periodontal pathogens in the Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease remains unclear.
METHODS
To investigate the potential relationship mediated by periodontal pathogens between periodontitis and CD, we collected salivary samples from healthy participants (H group, n = 12), patients with CD (Ch group, n = 10), patients with periodontitis (Ps group, n = 12), and patients with Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease (Cp group, n = 12) and analyzed them by 16 S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS
Patients with Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease had increased levels of Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, and Prevotella, which correlated with the severity of periodontitis. Conversely, the levels of Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Gemella, which decreased in Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease, were negatively correlated with the severity of periodontitis. To further investigate the role of periodontal pathogens in CD development, representative periodontal pathogens causing periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, were administered to mice. These pathogens migrate to, and colonize, the gut, accelerating CD progression and aggravating colitis, and even systemic inflammation. In vitro experiments using a Caco-2/periodontal pathogen coculture revealed that P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum increased intestinal permeability by directly disrupting the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells.
CONCLUSION
Our findings strongly suggest that periodontal pathogens play a role in the relationship between periodontitis and CD. These results provide a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of Coexistence of CD and periodontal disease and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Crohn Disease; Periodontitis; Animals; Mice; Male; Female; Adult; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Caco-2 Cells; Saliva; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38849764
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04425-0 -
Brain and Behavior Jun 2024Gut dysbiosis has been established as a characteristic of schizophrenia (SCH). However, the signatures regarding SCH patients with prominent negative symptoms (SCH-N) in...
BACKGROUND
Gut dysbiosis has been established as a characteristic of schizophrenia (SCH). However, the signatures regarding SCH patients with prominent negative symptoms (SCH-N) in young adults have been poorly elucidated.
METHODS
Stool samples were obtained from 30 young adults with SCH-N, 32 SCH patients with prominent positive symptoms (SCH-P) along with 36 healthy controls (HCs). Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Meanwhile, psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS).
RESULTS
There is a significant difference in β-diversity but not α-diversity indexes among the three groups. Moreover, we found a higher abundance of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla and a lower abundance of Firmicutes phyla in SCH-N when compared with HC. Besides, we identified a diagnostic potential panel comprising six genera (Coprococcus, Monoglobus, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Escherichia-Shigella, Dorea, and Butyricicoccus) that can distinguish SCH-N from HC (area under the curve = 0.939). However, the difference in microbial composition between the SCH-N and SCH-P is much less than that between SCH-N and the HC, and SCH-N and SCH-P cannot be effectively distinguished by gut microbiota.
CONCLUSION
The composition of gut microbiota was changed in the patients with SCH-N, which may help in further understanding of pathogenesis in young adults with SCH-N.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Male; Young Adult; Female; Adult; Feces; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38841824
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3579 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is produced by hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) from trimethylamine (TMA). High TMAO level is a biomarker of cardiovascular...
BACKGROUND
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is produced by hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) from trimethylamine (TMA). High TMAO level is a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, and it also affects periodontitis through interactions with the gastrointestinal microbiome. While recent findings indicate that periodontitis may alter systemic TMAO levels, the specific mechanisms linking these changes and particular oral pathogens require further clarification.
METHODS
In this study, we established a C57BL/6J male mouse model by orally administering (, ), (, ), (, ) and PBS was used as a control. We conducted LC-MS/MS analysis to quantify the concentrations of TMAO and its precursors in the plasma and cecal contents of mice. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. TMAO-related lipid metabolism and enzymes in the intestines and liver were assessed by qPCR and ELISA methods. We further explored the effect of on FMO3 expression and lipid molecules in HepG2 cells by stimulating the cells with -LPS .
RESULTS
The three oral pathogenic bacteria were orally administered to the mice for 5 weeks. The group showed a marked increase in plasma TMAO, betaine, and creatinine levels, whereas no significant differences were observed in the gut TMAO level among the four groups. Further analysis showed similar diversity and composition in the gut microbiomes of both the and groups, which were different from the and control groups. The profiles of TMA-TMAO pathway-related genera and gut enzymes were not significantly different among all groups. The group showed significantly higher liver FMO3 levels and elevated lipid factors (IL-6, TG, TC, and NEFA) in contrast to the other groups. experiments confirmed that stimulation of HepG2 cells with -LPS upregulated the expression of FMO3 and increased the lipid factors TC, TG, and IL-6.
CONCLUSION
This study conclusively demonstrates that , compared to and , plays a critical role in elevating plasma TMAO levels and significantly influences the TMA-TMAO pathway, primarily by modulating the expression of hepatic FMO3 and directly impacting hepatic lipid metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Male; Methylamines; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxygenases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Hep G2 Cells; Lipid Metabolism; Disease Models, Animal; Periodontitis; Liver; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Mouth
PubMed: 38836053
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1413787 -
Carbohydrate Research Jul 2024Sialic acid metabolism in oral bacteria is a complex process involving nutrient acquisition, immune evasion, cell surface modification, and the production of metabolites... (Review)
Review
Sialic acid metabolism in oral bacteria is a complex process involving nutrient acquisition, immune evasion, cell surface modification, and the production of metabolites that contribute to bacterial persistence and virulence in the oral cavity. In addition to causing various periodontal diseases, certain oral pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, can induce inflammatory reactions and influence the immunity of host cells. These associations with host cells are linked to various diseases, particularly colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Sialic acid can be found in the host oral mucosa, saliva, or food residues in the oral cavity, and it may promote the colonization of oral bacteria and contribute to disease development. This review aims to summarize the role of sialic acid metabolism in oral bacteria and discuss its effect on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Colorectal Neoplasms; Mouth; Bacteria; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Animals
PubMed: 38823062
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109172 -
Journal of Gastroenterology May 2024Microbiota may be associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development. However, it is not known the predictive value of microbial biomarkers combining...
BACKGROUND
Microbiota may be associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development. However, it is not known the predictive value of microbial biomarkers combining epidemiological factors for the early detection of ESCC and precancerous lesions.
METHODS
A total of 449 specimens (esophageal swabs and saliva) were collected from 349 participants with different esophageal statuses in China to explore and validate ESCC-associated microbial biomarkers from genes level to species level by 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomic sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
A bacterial biomarker panel including Actinomyces graevenitzii (A.g_1, A.g_2, A.g_3, A.g_4), Fusobacteria nucleatum (F.n_1, F.n_2, F.n_3), Haemophilus haemolyticus (H.h_1), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g_1, P.g_2, P.g_3) and Streptococcus australis (S.a_1) was explored by metagenomic sequencing to early detect the participants in Need group (low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and ESCC) vs participants without these lesions as the Noneed group. Significant quantitative differences existed for each microbial target in which the detection efficiency rate was higher in saliva than esophageal swab. In saliva, the area under the curve (AUC) based on the microbial biomarkers (A.g_4 ∩ P.g_3 ∩ H.h_1 ∩ S.a_1 ∩ F.n_2) was 0.722 (95% CI 0.621-0.823) in the exploration cohort. Combining epidemiological factors (age, smoking, drinking, intake of high-temperature food and toothache), the AUC improved to 0.869 (95% CI 0.802-0.937) in the exploration cohort, which was validated with AUC of 0.757 (95% CI 0.663-0.852) in the validation cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
It is feasible to combine microbial biomarkers in saliva and epidemiological factors to early detect ESCC and precancerous lesions in China.
PubMed: 38819499
DOI: 10.1007/s00535-024-02117-8 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Aug 2024We described a case of a 24-year-old man with multiple organ failure caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme F1260. This is the first described case of... (Review)
Review
We described a case of a 24-year-old man with multiple organ failure caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme F1260. This is the first described case of Lemierre's syndrome with multiple organ failure due to F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme F1260 in an adult in China. Our study highlights that there may be a risk of misdiagnosis based solely on typical manifestations of internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis, metastatic lesions, and F. necrophorum isolated from blood cultures or normally sterile sites. Clinicians should be cognizant of the potential utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in facilitating early pathogen detection in severe infections, thus enabling timely and appropriate administration of antibiotics to reduce mortality rates and improve prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Multiple Organ Failure; Lemierre Syndrome; Young Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
PubMed: 38796934
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116375 -
Microorganisms Apr 2024The blotched snakehead is an important economical freshwater species in East Asia. However, there has been relatively little research conducted on the correlation...
The blotched snakehead is an important economical freshwater species in East Asia. However, there has been relatively little research conducted on the correlation between gender and gut microbes. In this study, 36 of 1000 blotched snakeheads were randomly selected for growth performance measurement and gut microbiota high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that microbial diversity, composition, and metabolic functions were altered by gender and growth performance except the microbial network. In our study, Proteobacteria were the most abundant phylum, with Fusobacteria showing enrichment in males and Bacteroidetes in females. Notably, phylum Deinococcus-Thermus was identified as a significant biomarker. The Cetobacterium was the most abundant genus-level taxon. Furthermore, gut microbes specializing in the production of gut-healthy substances, such as coenzymes and vitamins, were identified as biomarkers in the fast-growing group. Our investigation highlighted the impact of gender on the composition and abundance of gut microbial biomarkers in both males and females, thereby influencing differential growth performance through the modulation of specific metabolic functions.
PubMed: 38792700
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050871 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Periodontitis is linked to the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an epidemiologically frequent and clinically aggressive malignancy. In this... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is linked to the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an epidemiologically frequent and clinically aggressive malignancy. In this context, and , two bacteria that cause periodontitis, are found in OSCC tissues as well as in oral premalignant lesions, where they exert pro-tumorigenic activities. Since the two bacteria are present also in endodontic diseases, playing a role in their pathogenesis, here we analyze the literature searching for information on the impact that endodontic infection by or could have on cellular and molecular events involved in oral carcinogenesis. Results from the reviewed papers indicate that infection by and/or triggers the production of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in dental pulp cells or periodontal cells, affecting the survival, proliferation, invasion, and differentiation of OSCC cells. In addition, the two bacteria and the cytokines they induce halt the differentiation and stimulate the proliferation and invasion of stem cells populating the dental pulp or the periodontium. Although most of the literature confutes the possibility that bacteria-induced endodontic inflammatory diseases could impact on oral carcinogenesis, the papers we have analyzed and discussed herein recommend further investigations on this topic.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Mouth Neoplasms; Fusobacterium Infections; Carcinogenesis; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Periodontitis; Animals; Cytokines
PubMed: 38791123
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105083 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, remain a leading cause of death globally. Emerging evidence suggests the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in...
INTRODUCTION
Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, remain a leading cause of death globally. Emerging evidence suggests the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health. This study aims to explore the impact of gut microbiota on myocardial infarction using a mouse model.
METHODS
The research utilizes a multi-omics approach, including 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS-based metabolomics to analyze fecal and serum samples from mice modeled to mimic myocardial infarction. This methodology allows for a comprehensive analysis of microbial populations and their metabolic output.
RESULTS
The findings reveal a significant reduction in gut microbiota α-diversity in mice with induced myocardial infarction compared to healthy controls. Notably, there is an increase in populations of Fusobacteria and Clostridia. Metabolomic analysis indicates disruptions in amino acid and energy metabolism, suggesting a metabolic dysregulation linked to myocardial health.
DISCUSSION
The study proposes a novel microbiota-metabolite-myocardium axis, where specific microbial metabolites may directly affect heart health. This connection points to the gut microbiota as a potential player in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and may open new therapeutic avenues targeting the gut microbiome to combat cardiovascular diseases.
PubMed: 38784809
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389311