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Veterinary Research Apr 2024Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a bacterium frequently associated with porcine pleuropneumonia. The acute form of the disease is highly contagious and often...
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a bacterium frequently associated with porcine pleuropneumonia. The acute form of the disease is highly contagious and often fatal, resulting in significant economic losses for pig farmers. Serotype diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of APP strains circulating in north Italian farms from 2015 to 2022 were evaluated retrospectively to investigate APP epidemiology in the area. A total of 572 strains isolated from outbreaks occurring in 337 different swine farms were analysed. The majority of isolates belonged to serotypes 9/11 (39.2%) and 2 (28.1%) and serotype diversity increased during the study period, up to nine different serotypes isolated in 2022. The most common resistances were against tetracycline (53% of isolates) and ampicillin (33%), followed by enrofloxacin, florfenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (23% each). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was common, with a third of isolates showing resistance to more than three antimicrobial classes. Resistance to the different classes and MDR varied significantly depending on the serotype. In particular, the widespread serotype 9/11 was strongly associated with florfenicol and enrofloxacin resistance and showed the highest proportion of MDR isolates. Serotype 5, although less common, showed instead a concerning proportion of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance. Our results highlight how the typing of circulating serotypes and the analysis of their antimicrobial susceptibility profile are crucial to effectively manage APP infection and improve antimicrobial stewardship.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Serogroup; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Enrofloxacin; Farms; Retrospective Studies; Pleuropneumonia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Italy; Swine Diseases; Actinobacillus Infections; Serotyping; Thiamphenicol
PubMed: 38594744
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01305-x -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Apr 2024For the development of a competitive ELISA (cELISA) to detect serum antibodies against the Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (Mmm) (strain PG1), the causative agent of...
For the development of a competitive ELISA (cELISA) to detect serum antibodies against the Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (Mmm) (strain PG1), the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), all the proteins of this pathogen were analyzed. Then, a specific extracellular region of a transmembrane protein with the potential for diagnosis was identified. After that, a monoclonal antibody (Mab) named 3A8 was obtained using this extracellular region as an immunogen. Finally, a cELISA was established with the extracellular domain of this transmembrane protein as the coating antigen, Mab 3A8 as the competitive antibody, and HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG as the enzyme-labeled antibody. This established method was used to detect the antibody dynamic regularity of goats which are artificially immunized Mmm and was also compared with a commercial ELISA kit. Further, the sera of 1011 different cattle from border provinces of China were monitored using a candidate Mab 3A8 cELISA. The detection results of known background sera used in this study indicate that a candidate diagnostic marker was successfully identified by analyzing all the coding proteins of Mmm in this research, and the cELISA established based on the Mab 3A8 against this protein can detect CBPP-positive serum with specificity and has no cross-reaction with other related epidemic disease-positive sera. In addition, we tested the sera collected from the border areas of China using the established ELISA, and no positive sample was detected. The research protocol of the CBPP cELISA established in this study is different from the traditional method, which can greatly reduce the investment of manpower and capital and save development time. We believe that this study's protocol could serve as a reference for the development of detection methods for mycoplasma and other complex pathogens. KEY POINTS: • A Mmm-specific diagnostic marker was obtained based on protein characteristics. • A cELISA was established for CBPP serum antibody detection. • The serological investigation was conducted for CBPP in the border areas of China.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Pleuropneumonia; Membrane Proteins; China; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Goats
PubMed: 38587616
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13127-0 -
Cureus Feb 2024Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent bouts of fever and serositis. Mediterranean Fever () gene...
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent bouts of fever and serositis. Mediterranean Fever () gene mutations may cause not just FMF but various serositis including arthritis, enterocolitis, aseptic meningitis, pulmonary disease, and pericarditis. In this report, we present a 44-year-old female carrying gene variant. She was admitted to our hospital with a high fever, right back pain during inspiration, and lower-left abdominal pain. Laboratory findings showed high inflammatory response. Computed tomography (CT) indicated pleurisy of the right lobe and inflammation of the left uterine appendage. Transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated hydrosalpinx of the left oviduct. The symptoms of recurrent fever and transient serositis suggested FMF, and abdominal pain was resolved after taking colchicine. Later, it turned out that she had gene mutation (exon2 G304R heterozygous). Although she did not meet the criteria of FMF, this is the first reported variant carrier with transient hydrosalpinx. Attacks in female patients with FMF are triggered by menstruation. Moreover, FMF and associated amyloidosis may cause both male and female infertility. Although male patients with FMF may present with acute scrotum, diagnostic criteria of FMF do not include inflammation of uterine appendages. Internal medicine physicians need to cooperate with gynecologists to diagnose female patients carrying gene variants.
PubMed: 38558641
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55188 -
Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.) May 2024
PubMed: 38555222
DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110197 -
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical... Jun 2024Connective tissue diseases (CTD) are heterogeneous, immune-mediated inflammatory disorders often presenting with multiorgan involvement. With the advent of... (Review)
Review
Connective tissue diseases (CTD) are heterogeneous, immune-mediated inflammatory disorders often presenting with multiorgan involvement. With the advent of high-resolution computed tomography, CTD-related pleuritis-pleural thickening and effusion-is now increasingly recognized early in the disease trajectory. The natural history of CTD-related pleural effusions varies from spontaneous resolution to progressive fibrothorax with ventilatory impairment. Treatment of the underlying CTD is necessary to manage the pleural disease. Depending on the degree of symptom burden and physiological insult, specific treatment of pleural disease can include monitoring, repeated aspirations, systemic anti-inflammatory medication, and surgical decortication.
Topics: Humans; Connective Tissue Diseases; Pleural Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Disease Progression
PubMed: 38547917
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782612 -
Cureus Feb 2024Infected aortic aneurysm is a rare but fatal disease that occurs through various mechanisms. In this report, we describe the case of a patient who was hospitalized for...
Infected aortic aneurysm is a rare but fatal disease that occurs through various mechanisms. In this report, we describe the case of a patient who was hospitalized for acute pneumonia and developed an infected aortic aneurysm in the descending aorta during the hospitalization. A 73-year-old Japanese man presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of fever. He had a history of chronic renal failure due to nephrosclerosis and was on regular hemodialysis three times a week. The patient presented with an elevated inflammatory response, anemia, and low platelet counts after various tests. Computed tomography (CT) showed ground-glass opacity in the left lung with a small amount of pleural effusion, leading to a diagnosis of pneumonia. The patient was admitted to the hospital on the same day, and a course of antibiotics (ceftriaxone [CTRX]) was started. On the fourth day of hospitalization, (MSSA) was detected in the blood sample, which was collected from the patient on the day of admission. The patient was treated for MSSA pneumonia and bacteremia, and the antibiotics were changed to cefazolin (CEZ). Treatment with antimicrobials resulted in a negative blood culture retest on day 5 and improvement of the inflammatory response. On the 12th day, improvements in pneumonia and pleurisy were observed on the CT scan; however, an abnormal bulge was seen on the dorsal side of the descending thoracic aorta with suspected partial vessel wall disruption, suggesting a ruptured infected aortic aneurysm. Despite treatment with antibiotics, the thoracic descending aortic aneurysm continued to dilate with progressing rupture, and the patient died on the 25th day of hospitalization. This is the first report of an infected aneurysm caused by Staphylococcus aureus, despite a negative blood culture. Patients at high risk might develop infected aneurysms, and the possibility of rapid dilation should always be considered.
PubMed: 38523983
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54674 -
Veterinary Microbiology May 2024The intensification of pig farming has posed significant challenges in managing and preventing sanitary problems, particularly diseases of the respiratory complex....
The intensification of pig farming has posed significant challenges in managing and preventing sanitary problems, particularly diseases of the respiratory complex. Monitoring at slaughter is an important control tool and cannot be overstated. Hence, this study aimed at characterizing both macroscopical and microscopical lesions and identifying the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo), and Pasteurella multocida (PM) associated with pleurisy in swine. For this, a selected slaughterhouse in São Paulo State underwent a thorough examination of carcasses on the slaughter line, followed by lung sampling. The carcasses and lungs underwent macroscopical examination and were classified according to the score of pleurisy and lung samples were allocated into five groups, being: G0: score 0 - no lesions; G1: score 1; G2: score 2; G3: score 3; and G4: score 4. In total, 217 lung fragments were collected, for the histopathological evaluation and detection of the following respiratory pathogens: APP, Mhyo, and PM by qPCR. The results demonstrated that Mhyo and APP were the most prevalent etiological agents (single and co-identification) in lung samples, in different scores of pleurisies, while bronchopneumonia and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia lesions were the most frequent histopathological findings. Positive correlations were found between the quantification of APP DNA with 1) the score of pleurisy (R=0.254); 2) with the score of lung consolidation in all lung lobes (R=0.181 to R=0.329); and 3) with the score of lung consolidation in the entire lung (R=0.389). The study brings relevant information regarding the main bacterial pathogens associated with pleurisy in pigs and helps with understanding the relationship between the abovementioned pathogens and their impact on the respiratory health of pigs.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Swine Diseases; Brazil; Lung; Pleurisy; Lung Diseases; Pasteurella multocida
PubMed: 38502977
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110039 -
Medicine Mar 2024A 32-year-old male patient was diagnosed with a 30% left pneumothorax on November 5, 2020, during which chest imaging indicated abnormalities. Despite this, pulmonary...
BACKGROUND
A 32-year-old male patient was diagnosed with a 30% left pneumothorax on November 5, 2020, during which chest imaging indicated abnormalities. Despite this, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was not diagnosed or treated at that time due to a negative result in the MGIT960 culture. The patient experienced symptoms of cough and expectoration on April 24, 2022. Upon repeating the chest imaging, the condition had worsened, confirming the presence of pulmonary TB, leading to the patient's hospitalization. On September 1, 2022, the 11-year-old daughter of the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by bronchial tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy.
METHODS
The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was confirmed through sputum smears and Gene Xpert MTB/RIF testing, for the patient and his 11-year-old daughter in 2022. The patient underwent a 6-month combination therapy (2HRZE/4HR) comprising isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. His daughter with pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by bronchial tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy underwent a 12-month combination therapy.
RESULTS
Late diagnosis and treatment delays contribute to tuberculosis infections within families. Fortunately, after more than 3 months of antituberculosis treatment, the patient experienced relief from cough and sputum secretion, and there was improvement observed in the chest CT scan. Six months later, the patient was successfully cured of TB. 12 months later, his daughter also was successfully cured of TB.
CONCLUSION SUBSECTIONS
Early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is vital to reduce transmission, morbidity, and mortality.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Male; Cough; Delayed Diagnosis; Latent Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pleural; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Female
PubMed: 38489738
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037406 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Excessive and imbalance of free radicals within the body lead to inflammation. The objective of the current research work was to explore the anti-inflammatory and...
Excessive and imbalance of free radicals within the body lead to inflammation. The objective of the current research work was to explore the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the isolated compounds from In this study, the isolated phenolic compounds were investigated for and anti-inflammatory potential along with the antioxidant enzyme. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the phenolic compounds was assayed via various enzymes like COX-1/2, 5-LOX and ABTS, DPPH, and HO free radical enzyme inhibitory assay. These compounds were also explored for their antioxidant activity like examining SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and MDA levels in the brain, heart, and liver. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced pleurisy model in mice. On the basis of initial screening of isolated compounds, the most potent compound was further evaluated for the anti-inflammatory mechanism. Furthermore, the molecular docking study was also performed for the potent compound. The phenolic compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MS/NMR analysis by comparing its spectra to the library spectra. The isolated phenolic compounds from were 5-methylpyrimidine-24,4-diol (1), 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one (2), 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (3), 3-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (), and 2,6-dimethoxy-4-vinylphenol (5). In antioxidant assay, the most potent compound was compound having IC values of 0.98, 0.90, and 5 μg/mL against ABTS, DPPH, and HO, respectively. Similarly, against COX1/2 and 5-LOX ,compound was again the potent compound with IC values of 42.76, 10.70, and 7.40 μg/mL. Based on the results, compound was further evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Findings of the study suggest that contains active compounds with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These compounds could be screened as drug candidates for pharmaceutical research, targeting conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions in medicinal chemistry and support their ethnomedicinal use for inflammation and oxidative stress.
PubMed: 38487169
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1346526 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Apr 2024Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an important cause of death in cats. Thoracic manifestations are less common than abdominal manifestations, and FIP-associated...
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an important cause of death in cats. Thoracic manifestations are less common than abdominal manifestations, and FIP-associated respiratory disease is poorly documented. This study aimed to investigate pathological findings in the respiratory tract of cats with FIP and the occurrence and distribution of feline coronavirus antigen in the respiratory tract using immunohistochemistry. A retrospective study was carried out on 112 cats with FIP, of which 66 had inflammatory histological lesions in the respiratory tract (58.9%) and were included in this study. Three major gross patterns were defined: marked fibrin deposition in the thoracic cavity with lung atelectasis; marked fibrin deposition in the thoracic cavity with lung pyogranulomas; and lung pyogranulomas without thoracic effusion. Histological analysis revealed primary lesions in the visceral pleura and lung parenchyma at a similar frequency, with multifocal to diffuse presentations. Marked lesions were commonly observed. Five major histological patterns were defined: pleuritis; pleuritis and vasculitis/perivascular injury in the lung parenchyma; pleuritis and pneumonia; perivascular injury in the parenchyma without pleuritis; and pneumonia without pleuritis. In the pleura and pulmonary parenchyma, FIP virus antigen was detected in perivascular and peribronchial macrophages and in macrophages within bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue and foci of necrosis and inflammation in the pleura and lung parenchyma. Co-infections with retroviruses were detected in 47 cats (71.2%), mainly with feline leukemia virus (62.2%). Although FIP is a systemic disease, some cats developed significant lesions in the thoracic cavity, including involvement of the upper respiratory tract and presenting respiratory signs, without other classic signs of FIP. This work advances our knowledge of FIP in the respiratory system, helping veterinarians to recognize the various presentations of this disease.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Feline Infectious Peritonitis; Retrospective Studies; Respiratory System; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Fibrin; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 38479335
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.02.001