-
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Jun 2024In September 2023, France was one of the first countries that started a national immunisation campaign with nirsevimab, a new monoclonal antibody against respiratory...
Nirsevimab Effectiveness Against Cases of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis Hospitalised in Paediatric Intensive Care Units in France, September 2023-January 2024.
In September 2023, France was one of the first countries that started a national immunisation campaign with nirsevimab, a new monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Using data from a network of paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), we aimed to estimate nirsevimab effectiveness against severe cases of RSV bronchiolitis in France. We conducted a case-control study based on the test-negative design and included 288 infants reported by 20 PICUs. We estimated nirsevimab effectiveness at 75.9% (48.5-88.7) in the main analysis and 80.6% (61.6-90.3) and 80.4% (61.7-89.9) in two sensitivity analyses. These real-world estimates confirmed the efficacy observed in clinical studies.
Topics: Humans; France; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Case-Control Studies; Male; Female; Hospitalization; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antiviral Agents; Bronchiolitis; Bronchiolitis, Viral; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38840301
DOI: 10.1111/irv.13311 -
Respiratory Research Jun 2024The concurrent circulation of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses is unstoppable and represents a new diagnostic reality for clinicians and clinical microbiology...
BACKGROUND
The concurrent circulation of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses is unstoppable and represents a new diagnostic reality for clinicians and clinical microbiology laboratories. Multiplexed molecular testing on automated platforms that focus on the simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses in a single tube is a useful approach for current and future diagnosis of respiratory infections in the clinical setting.
METHODS
Two time periods were included in the study: from February to April 2022, an early 2022 period, during the gradual lifting of COVID-19 prevention measures in the country, and from October 2022 to April 2023, the 2022/23 respiratory infections season. We analysed a total of 1,918 samples in the first period and 18,131 respiratory samples in the second period using a multiplex molecular assay for the simultaneous detection of Influenza A (Flu-A), Influenza B (Flu-B), Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) and SARS-CoV-2.
RESULTS
The results from early 2022 showed a strong dominance of SARS-CoV-2 infections with 1,267/1,918 (66.1%) cases. Flu-A was detected in 30/1,918 (1.6%) samples, HRSV in 14/1,918 (0.7%) samples, and Flu-B in 2/1,918 (0.1%) samples. Flu-A/SARS-CoV-2 co-detections were observed in 11/1,267 (0.9%) samples, and HRSV/SARS-CoV-2 co-detection in 5/1,267 (0.4%) samples. During the 2022/23 winter respiratory season, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 1,738/18,131 (9.6%), Flu-A in 628/18,131 (3.5%), Flu-B in 106/18,131 (0.6%), and HRSV in 505/18,131 (2.8%) samples. Interestingly, co-detections were present to a similar extent as in early 2022.
CONCLUSION
The results show that the multiplex molecular approach is a valuable tool for the simultaneous laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, Flu-A/B, and HRSV in hospitalized and outpatients. Infections with Flu-A/B, and HRSV occurred shortly after the COVID-19 control measures were lifted, so a strong reoccurrence of various respiratory infections and co-detections in the post COVID-19 period was to be expected.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Influenza B virus; Influenza, Human; SARS-CoV-2; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Influenza A virus; Male; Female; Coinfection; Middle Aged; Adult; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Seasons; Aged
PubMed: 38840154
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02862-7 -
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology :... Jun 2024Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. RSV bronchiolitis is associated with an increased risk of subsequent wheezing. We...
BACKGROUND
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. RSV bronchiolitis is associated with an increased risk of subsequent wheezing. We aimed to document the parents' perception of the link between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing, wheezing-related healthcare and family resources use, and its impact on family daily life.
METHODS
This cross-sectional online survey enrolled 1200 parents with at least one child ≤6y living in the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, and Italy. Children diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis before age of 2 years were included in the RSV group, and those never diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis in the Reference group.
RESULTS
The odds of wheezing were 4.5-fold (95%CI 3.5-5.9) higher in the RSV than in the Reference group. The odds increased to 7.7-fold (95%CI 5.4-11.1) among children who were hospitalized, and 9-fold (95%CI 5.1-16.6) among those admitted to pediatric intensive care with RSV bronchiolitis. Similar trends were observed across all countries. In total, 57% of parents reported their child's wheezing to have moderate to severe impact on their emotional well-being, and 53% on their daily life activities and/or social life. 64% of parents reported moderate-severe impact of wheezing on child's quality of sleep and 49% and 46% reported a moderate-severe impact on their children's emotional well-being and physical activities.
CONCLUSIONS
This survey suggests an association between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing in children across different countries. Wheezing, especially in association with RSV infection, was associated with increased healthcare utilization and costs, and significantly impacted parents' and children daily life.
Topics: Humans; Respiratory Sounds; Cross-Sectional Studies; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Parents; Male; Female; Infant; Child, Preschool; Italy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Spain; United Kingdom; United States; Hospitalization; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Adult; Child; Cost of Illness
PubMed: 38837464
DOI: 10.1111/pai.14169 -
Mikrochimica Acta Jun 2024A trendsetting direct competitive-based biosensing tool has been developed and implemented for the determination of the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid...
A trendsetting direct competitive-based biosensing tool has been developed and implemented for the determination of the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (ARA), a highly significant biological regulator with decisive roles in viral infections. The designed methodology involves a competitive reaction between the target endogenous ARA and a biotin-ARA competitor for the recognition sites of anti-ARA antibodies covalently attached to the surface of carboxylic acid-coated magnetic microbeads (HOOC-MµBs), followed by the enzymatic label of the biotin-ARA residues with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (Strep-HRP) conjugate. The resulting bioconjugates were magnetically trapped onto the sensing surface of disposable screen-printed carbon transducers (SPCEs) to monitor the extent of the biorecognition reaction through amperometry. The operational functioning of the exhaustively optimized and characterized immunosensing bioplatform was highly convenient for the quantitative determination of ARA in serum samples from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2-) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected individuals in a rapid, affordable, trustful, and sensitive manner.
Topics: Humans; Arachidonic Acid; COVID-19; Biosensing Techniques; SARS-CoV-2; Horseradish Peroxidase; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Immunoassay; Streptavidin; Biotin; Limit of Detection
PubMed: 38834823
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06440-y -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Activated lung ILC2s produce large quantities of IL-5 and IL-13 that contribute to eosinophilic inflammation and mucus production following respiratory syncytial virus...
Activated lung ILC2s produce large quantities of IL-5 and IL-13 that contribute to eosinophilic inflammation and mucus production following respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV). The current understanding of ILC2 activation during RSV infection, is that ILC2s are activated by alarmins, including IL-33, released from airway epithelial cells in response to viral-mediated damage. Thus, high levels of RSV neutralizing maternal antibody generated from maternal immunization would be expected to reduce IL-33 production and mitigate ILC2 activation. Here we report that lung ILC2s from mice born to RSV-immunized dams become activated despite undetectable RSV replication. We also report, for the first time, expression of activating and inhibitory Fcgamma receptors on ILC2s that are differentially expressed in offspring born to immunized versus unimmunized dams. Alternatively, ex vivo IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s was mitigated following the addition of antibody: antigen immune complexes. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of Fcgamma receptor ligation by immune complexes as an alternative mechanism of ILC2 regulation in RSV-associated eosinophilic lung inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Mice; Female; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Lung; Interleukin-33; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Lymphocytes; Immunization; Receptors, IgG; Antibodies, Viral; Pregnancy; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
PubMed: 38827738
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374818 -
Respiratory Investigation Jul 2024Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza virus are responsible for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in adults. We...
Burden of respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and influenza virus infections in Japanese adults in the Hospitalized Acute Respiratory Tract Infection study.
BACKGROUND
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza virus are responsible for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in adults. We assessed the clinical burden of RSV, hMPV and influenza virus infection among Japanese adults hospitalized with ARTIs.
METHODS
The Hospitalized Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (HARTI) study was a multinational, prospective cohort study in adults with ARTIs across the 2017-2019 epidemic seasons. Enrolment in Japan began in Sept 2018 and ran until Oct 2019. The clinical diagnosis of ARTI and the decision to hospitalize the patient were made according to local standard of care practices. Viral testing was performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
Of the 173 adults hospitalized with ARTI during this period at the Japan sites, 7 (4.0%), 9 (5.2%), and 11 (6.4%) were positive for influenza virus, RSV, and hMPV, respectively. RSV season was observed from Oct 2018 to Jan 2019, followed by influenza from Dec 2018 to Apr 2019. hMPV was detected across both the RSV and influenza seasons. Two patients with RSV and 1 patient with hMPV required ICU admission whereas none with influenza. Use of antibiotics, bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids was high amongst patients with RSV and hMPV at 1, 2, and 3 months' post-discharge compared with patients with influenza, with few exceptions.
CONCLUSION
These findings highlight the need for a high degree of clinical suspicion for RSV and hMPV infection in adults hospitalized with ARTIs.
Topics: Humans; Metapneumovirus; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Paramyxoviridae Infections; Influenza, Human; Japan; Hospitalization; Male; Female; Respiratory Tract Infections; Aged; Acute Disease; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Adult; Cohort Studies; Cost of Illness; East Asian People
PubMed: 38823191
DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.05.015 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Oct 2024WuHuTang (WHT) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound for treating asthma, and the evidence supports that it has a good effect on acute asthma attacks in children...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
WuHuTang (WHT) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound for treating asthma, and the evidence supports that it has a good effect on acute asthma attacks in children and adults. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of acute asthma attacks, and the effect on dendritic cells is the key to its pathogenesis. Previous studies have confirmed that the pathogenesis of viruses is related to exosomes. However, there are few studies on the exosomes induced by RSV. Whether WHT can improve the changes caused by RSV-induced exosomes or not is worthy of further exploration.
AIM OF THE STUDY
We aim to study the effects of RSV-induced exosomes on the function and autophagy of dendritic cells, and to observe the intervention effect of WHT serum on the above effects.
METHODS
The co-culture model of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by RSV (BMSCs-Exo-RSV) and dendritic cells was established, and then WHT serum was used to intervene. After 24 h of intervention, the CCK-8 method, flow cytometry, Elisa, RT-qCPR, and Western blot were used to detect the above-mentioned culture model.
RESULTS
RSV-induced exosomes had certain effects on viability, apoptosis, and costimulatory molecules generation of dendritic cells. At the same time, the levels of IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and autophagy increased, while the levels of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β decreased, and the AKT/TSC/mTOR pathway was inhibited. WHT serum could activate this pathway and reverse the above changes in dendritic cells.
CONCLUSION
This study reveals that the pathogenic effect of RSV is related to the exosomes induced by RSV. The exosomes induced by RSV affect the function of dendritic cells by inhibiting the AKT/TSC/mTOR pathway, which can be activated by WHT to reverse the effects caused by RSV-induced exosomes.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Exosomes; Autophagy; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Animals; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Apoptosis; Coculture Techniques; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Cells, Cultured; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Cytokines; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Cell Survival
PubMed: 38806137
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118397 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common infections in the general population and are mainly caused by respiratory viruses. Detecting several viruses in a...
INTRODUCTION
Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common infections in the general population and are mainly caused by respiratory viruses. Detecting several viruses in a respiratory sample is common. To better understand these viral codetections and potential interferences, we tested for the presence of viruses and developed quantitative PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) for the viruses most prevalent in coinfections: human rhinovirus (HRV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and quantified their viral loads according to coinfections and health status, age, cellular abundance and other variables.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples from two different cohorts were analyzed: one included hospitalized infants under 12 months of age with acute bronchiolitis (n=719) and the other primary care patients of all ages with symptoms of ARI (n=685). We performed Multiplex PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs, and quantitative PCR on samples positive for HRV or/and RSV to determine viral loads (VL). Cellular abundance (CA) was also estimated by qPCR targeting the GAPDH gene. Genotyping was performed either directly from first-line molecular panel or by PCR and sequencing for HRV.
RESULTS
The risks of viral codetection were 4.1 (IC[1.8; 10.0]) and 93.9 1 (IC[48.7; 190.7]) higher in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis than in infants in primary care for RSV and HRV respectively (p<0.001). CA was higher in samples positive for multiple viruses than in mono-infected or negative samples (p<0.001), and higher in samples positive for RSV (p<0.001) and HRV (p<0.001) than in negative samples. We found a positive correlation between CA and VL for both RSV and HRV. HRV VL was higher in children than in the elderly (p<0.05), but not RSV VL. HRV VL was higher when detected alone than in samples coinfected with RSV-A and with RSV-B. There was a significant increase of RSV-A VL when codetecting with HRV (p=0.001) and when co-detecting with RSV-B+HRV versus RSV-A+ RSV-B (p=0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Many parameters influence the natural history of respiratory viral infections, and quantifying respiratory viral loads can help disentangle their contributions to viral outcome.
Topics: Humans; Viral Load; Coinfection; Infant; Respiratory Tract Infections; Female; Child, Preschool; Male; Rhinovirus; Child; Health Status; Adult; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Adolescent; Middle Aged; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Nasopharynx; Infant, Newborn; Young Adult; Aged; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Acute Disease; Genotype; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38803572
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380855 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jul 2024Quercetin has received extensive attention for its therapeutic potential treating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection diseases. Recent studies have highlighted...
BACKGROUND
Quercetin has received extensive attention for its therapeutic potential treating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection diseases. Recent studies have highlighted quercetin's ability of suppressing alveolar macrophages (AMs)-derived lung inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of quercetin against RSV infection still remains elusive.
PURPOSE
This study aims to elucidate the mechanism about quercetin anti-inflammatory effect on RSV infection.
METHODS
BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with RSV and received quercetin (30, 60, 120 mg/kg/d) orally for 3 days. Additionally, an in vitro infection model utilizing mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S cells) was employed to validate the proposed mechanism.
RESULTS
Quercetin exhibited a downregulatory effect on glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism in RSV-infected AMs. However, it increased itaconic acid production, a metabolite derived from citrate through activating immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1), and further inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. While the suppression of SDH activity orchestrated a cascading downregulation of Hif-1α/NLRP3 signaling, ultimately causing AMs polarization from M1 to M2 phenotypes.
CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated quercetin stimulated IRG1-mediated itaconic acid anabolism and further inhibited SDH/Hif-1α/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which led to M1 to M2 polarization of AMs so as to ameliorate RSV-induced lung inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Succinates; Macrophages, Alveolar; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Quercetin; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Glycolysis; Female; Signal Transduction; Citric Acid Cycle; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Hydro-Lyases
PubMed: 38797031
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155761 -
Viruses May 2024Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most prevalent cause of acute lower respiratory infection in young children. Currently, the first RSV vaccines are approved by...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most prevalent cause of acute lower respiratory infection in young children. Currently, the first RSV vaccines are approved by the FDA. Recently, N6-methyladenosine (mA) RNA methylation has been implicated in the regulation of the viral life cycle and replication of many viruses, including RSV. mA methylation of RSV RNA has been demonstrated to promote replication and prevent anti-viral immune responses by the host. Whether mA is also involved in viral entry and whether mA can also affect RSV infection via different mechanisms than methylation of viral RNA is poorly understood. Here, we identify mA reader YTH domain-containing protein 1 (YTHDC1) as a novel negative regulator of RSV infection. We demonstrate that YTHDC1 abrogates RSV infection by reducing the expression of RSV entry receptor CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) on the cell surface of lung epithelial cells. Altogether, these data reveal a novel role for mA methylation and YTHDC1 in the viral entry of RSV. These findings may contribute to the development of novel treatment options to control RSV infection.
Topics: Humans; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Adenosine; Virus Internalization; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; Virus Replication; Methylation; Down-Regulation; RNA Splicing Factors; Epithelial Cells; Cell Line; A549 Cells; RNA, Viral; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Nerve Tissue Proteins
PubMed: 38793659
DOI: 10.3390/v16050778