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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Aaptos suberitoides on colorectal cancer cells (DLD-1) and murine fibroblast...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Aaptos suberitoides on colorectal cancer cells (DLD-1) and murine fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3).
METHODS
A. suberitoides was collected from Putus Island, Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, and was processed with maceration and ethyl acetate extraction. The sponge extract was characterized based on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and then identified by using LCMS/MS analysis. DLD-1 and NIH-3T3 cells were treated with the ethyl acetate extract and then followed by 3- [4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2.5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to assess their cytotoxicity effect.
RESULTS
LCMS/MS analysis showed that the most abundant compounds in this extract were identified as aaptamine (1). Furthermore, this study revealed that the active ethyl acetate fraction of A. suberitoides has cytotoxic effects in colorectal cancer DLD-1 cells with an IC50 value of 9.597 µg/mL, higher than NIH-3T3 cells with an IC50 value of 12.23 µg/mL Thus, the active ethyl acetate fraction of A. suberitoides is considered more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells.
CONCLUSION
This study provides the first evidence to support the role of the ethyl acetate extract of A. suberitoides sponge extracts to be developed as a colorectal anticancer agent.
Topics: Animals; Colorectal Neoplasms; Porifera; Mice; Humans; Indonesia; Cell Proliferation; NIH 3T3 Cells; Antineoplastic Agents; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Apoptosis; Naphthyridines
PubMed: 38809646
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1737 -
Water Environment Research : a Research... May 2024This explorative study was aimed at first characterizing the sponge Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759) from the sub-Arctic Pasvik River (Northern Fennoscandia), in...
First report on pollutant accumulation and associated microbial communities in the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759) from the sub-Arctic Pasvik River (Norway).
This explorative study was aimed at first characterizing the sponge Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759) from the sub-Arctic Pasvik River (Northern Fennoscandia), in terms of associated microbial communities and pollutant accumulation. Persistent organic pollutants were determined in sponge mesohyl tissues, along with the estimation of the microbial enzymatic activity rates, prokaryotic abundance and morphometric traits, and the analysis of the taxonomic bacterial diversity by next-generation sequencing techniques. The main bacterial groups associated with S. lacustris were Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, followed by Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. The structure of the S. lacustris-associated bacterial communities was in sharp contrast to those of the bacterioplankton, being statistically close to those found in sediments. Dieldrin was measured at higher concentrations in the sponge tissues (3.1 ± 0.4 ng/g) compared to sediment of the same site (0.04 ± 0.03 ng/g). Some taxonomic groups were possibly related to the occurrence of certain contaminants, as was the case of Patescibacteria and dieldrin. Obtained results substantially contribute to the still scarce knowledge of bacterial community diversity, activities, and ecology in freshwater sponges. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Microbial community associated with Spongilla lacustris is probably shaped by the occurrence of certain contaminants, mainly dieldrin and heavy metals. A higher accumulation of dieldrin in the sponge mesohyl tissues than in sediment was determined. S. lacustris is suggested as sponge species to be used as a sentinel of pesticide pollution in the Pasvik River. S. lacustris, living in tight contact with soft substrates, harbored communities more similar to sediment than water communities.
Topics: Animals; Porifera; Rivers; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Bacteria; Microbiota; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 38787335
DOI: 10.1002/wer.11039 -
Marine Drugs May 2024Five new sulfated arylpyrrole and arylpyrrolone alkaloids, denigrins H-L (-), along with two known compounds, dictyodendrin B and denigrin G, were isolated from an...
Five new sulfated arylpyrrole and arylpyrrolone alkaloids, denigrins H-L (-), along with two known compounds, dictyodendrin B and denigrin G, were isolated from an extract of a New Zealand c.f. marine sponge. Denigrins H-L represent the first examples of sulfated denigrins with denigrins H and I (-), as derivatives of denigrin D, containing a pyrrolone core, and denigrins J-L (-), as derivatives of denigrin E (), containing a pyrrole core. Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, ESI, and HR-ESI-MS spectrometric data, as well as comparison with literature data. Compounds , along with six known compounds previously isolated from the same extract, showed minimal cytotoxicity against the HeLa cervical cancer cell line.
Topics: Animals; Porifera; Humans; New Zealand; Pyrroles; HeLa Cells; Alkaloids; Sulfates; Molecular Structure; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 38786622
DOI: 10.3390/md22050231 -
Marine Drugs May 2024Marine sponges of the genus have proven to be unabated sources of novel secondary metabolites with remarkable scaffold diversities and significant bioactivities. The... (Review)
Review
Marine sponges of the genus have proven to be unabated sources of novel secondary metabolites with remarkable scaffold diversities and significant bioactivities. The discovery of chemical substances from sponges has continued to increase over the last few years. The current work provides an up-to-date literature survey and comprehensive insight into the reported metabolites from the members of the genus , as well as their structural features, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships when available. In this review, 222 metabolites are discussed based on published data from the period from mid-2015 to the beginning of 2024. The compounds are categorized into sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sesterterpenes, meroterpenes, linear furanoterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and other miscellaneous substances. The biological effects of these chemical compositions on a vast array of pharmacological assays including cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, neuroprotective, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)-inhibitory, and phytoregulating activities are also presented.
Topics: Porifera; Animals; Humans; Structure-Activity Relationship; Biological Products; Secondary Metabolism
PubMed: 38786604
DOI: 10.3390/md22050213 -
Marine Drugs Apr 2024As a result of screening a panel of marine organisms to identify lead molecules for the stimulation of endochondral bone formation, the calcareous sponge was identified...
As a result of screening a panel of marine organisms to identify lead molecules for the stimulation of endochondral bone formation, the calcareous sponge was identified to exhibit significant activity during endochondral differentiation. On further molecular networking analysis, dereplication and chemical fractionation yielded the known clathridine A-related metabolites and the homodimeric complex (clathridine A) Zn (), together with the new unstable heterodimeric complex (clathridine A-clathridimine)Zn (). With the presence of the zinc complexes annotated through the LC-MS analysis of the crude extract changing due to the instability of some metabolites and complexes constituting the mixture, we combined the isolation of the predicted molecules with their synthesis in order to confirm their structure and to understand their reactivity. Interestingly, we also found a large quantity of the contaminant benzotriazoles BTZ () and its semi-dimer (BTZ)CH (), which are known to form complexes with transition metals and are used for preventing corrosion in water. All isolated 2-aminoimidazole derivatives and complexes were synthesized not only for structural confirmation and chemical understanding but to further study their bioactivity during endochondral differentiation, particularly the positively screened imidazolone derivatives. Compounds leucettamine B, clathridine A and clathridimine were found to increase type X collagen transcription and stimulate endochondral ossification in the ATDC5 micromass model.
Topics: Animals; Porifera; Osteogenesis; Cell Differentiation; Aquatic Organisms; Zinc
PubMed: 38786586
DOI: 10.3390/md22050196 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... May 2024The fouling phenomenon grabbed global attention and caused huge economic losses specifically in marine-related industries. Sessile behavior exposed the sponge to the...
The fouling phenomenon grabbed global attention and caused huge economic losses specifically in marine-related industries. Sessile behavior exposed the sponge to the risk of fouling. However, their bodies remained free from foulers, which were attributed to the chemical defense system. The objectives of this study were to determine the antibiofilm activity of the marine sponge, Stylissa carteri, and to characterize the isolated compound involved. The antibiofilm activity of S. carteri methanolic crude extract (MCE) and fractions was tested against biofilm-producing bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using two different modes of crystal violet biofilm assays: preventive and detachment. Besides that, the disc-diffusion test was conducted to screen the antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria while a cytotoxicity assay was conducted on the HepG2 cell line. Bioassay-guided fractionation was carried out using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and solid phase extraction using a C18 Sep-Pak Cartridge. The crystal compound was isolated and characterized through thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The S. carteri MCE showed a promising result with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of 20.22 μg/mL in the preventive assay, while no IC was determined in the detachment assay since all inhibitions < 50%. The S. carteri MCE exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and displayed a non-cytotoxic effect. Fraction 4 from MCE of S. carteri (IC = 2.40 μg/mL) reduced the biofilm in the preventive assay at all concentrations and exhibited no antibacterial activity indicating the independence of antibiofilm from antibacterial properties. Based on the data obtained, an alkaloid named debromohymenialdisine (DBH) was identified from Fraction 4 of S. carteri MCE. In conclusion, S. carteri was able to reduce the establishment of the biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa and could serve as a prominent source of natural antifouling agents.
Topics: Biofilms; Porifera; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Humans
PubMed: 38780848
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33704-0 -
Journal of Natural Products Jun 2024Bis-indole alkaloids from marine sponges are an intriguing class of natural products with a variety of activities. However, only a preliminary biological study of...
Bis-indole alkaloids from marine sponges are an intriguing class of natural products with a variety of activities. However, only a preliminary biological study of tulongicin A (), a related previously isolated marine tris-indole alkaloid, has been conducted. In this study, we accomplished the first asymmetric total synthesis of via the construction of an imidazoline-linked bis-indolylmethane skeleton using a Friedel-Crafts-type reaction. Our synthesis enabled a detailed study of the antibacterial profile of . Compound displayed bactericidal activity against , including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Indole Alkaloids; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Animals; Staphylococcus aureus; Porifera; Marine Biology
PubMed: 38758599
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00129 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek May 2024Staphylococcus aureus is the etiologic agent of many nosocomial infections, and its biofilm is frequently isolated from medical devices. Moreover, the dissemination of...
Staphylococcus aureus is the etiologic agent of many nosocomial infections, and its biofilm is frequently isolated from medical devices. Moreover, the dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains from this pathogen, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, is a worldwide public health issue. The inhibition of biofilm formation can be used as a strategy to weaken bacterial resistance. Taking that into account, we analysed the ability of marine sponge-associated bacteria to produce antibiofilm molecules, and we found that marine Priestia sp., isolated from marine sponge Scopalina sp. collected on the Brazilian coast, secretes proteins that impair biofilm development from S. aureus. Partially purified proteins (PPP) secreted after 24 hours of bacterial growth promoted a 92% biofilm mass reduction and 4.0 µg/dL was the minimum concentration to significantly inhibit biofilm formation. This reduction was visually confirmed by light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, biochemical assays showed that the antibiofilm activity of PPP was reduced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1,10 phenanthroline (PHEN), while it was stimulated by zinc ions, suggesting an active metallopeptidase in PPP. This result agrees with mass spectrometry (MS) identification, which indicated the presence of a metallopeptidase from the M28 family. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing analysis of Priestia sp. shows that gene ywad, a metallopeptidase-encoding gene, was present. Therefore, the results presented herein indicate that PPP secreted by the marine Priestia sp. can be explored as a potential antibiofilm agent and help to treat chronic infections.
Topics: Biofilms; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacterial Proteins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Animals; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Brazil; Porifera
PubMed: 38740670
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01977-7 -
Cells Apr 2024Microtubules are an indispensable component of all eukaryotic cells due to their role in mitotic spindle formation, yet their organization and number can vary greatly in...
Microtubules are an indispensable component of all eukaryotic cells due to their role in mitotic spindle formation, yet their organization and number can vary greatly in the interphase. The last common ancestor of all eukaryotes already had microtubules and microtubule motor proteins moving along them. Sponges are traditionally regarded as the oldest animal phylum. Their body does not have a clear differentiation into tissues, but it contains several distinguishable cell types. The choanocytes stand out among them and are responsible for creating a flow of water with their flagella and increasing the filtering and feeding efficiency of the sponge. Choanocyte flagella contain microtubules, but thus far, observing a developed system of cytoplasmic microtubules in non-flagellated interphase sponge cells has been mostly unsuccessful. In this work, we combine transcriptomic analysis, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy with time-lapse recording to demonstrate that microtubules appear in the cytoplasm of sponge cells only when transdifferentiation processes are activated. We conclude that dynamic cytoplasmic microtubules in the cells of sponges are not a persistent but rather a transient structure, associated with cellular plasticity.
Topics: Microtubules; Animals; Interphase; Cell Differentiation; Porifera
PubMed: 38727272
DOI: 10.3390/cells13090736 -
Bioinspiration & Biomimetics May 2024marine sponge spicules are renowned for their remarkable strength and toughness. These spicules exhibit a unique concentric layering structure, which contributes to...
marine sponge spicules are renowned for their remarkable strength and toughness. These spicules exhibit a unique concentric layering structure, which contributes to their exceptional mechanical resistance. In this study, finite element method simulations were used to comprehensively investigate the effect of nested cylindrical structures on the mechanical properties of spicules. This investigation leveraged scanning electron microscopy images to guide the computational modeling of the microstructure and the results were validated by three-point bending tests of 3D-printed spicule-inspired structures. The numerical analyses showed that the nested structure of spicules induces stress and strain jumps on the layer interfaces, reducing the load on critical zones of the fiber and increasing its toughness. It was found that this effect shows a tapering enhancement as the number of layers increases, which combines with a threshold related to the 3D-printing manufacturability to suggest a compromise for optimal performance. A comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical properties of these fibers can assist in developing a new generation of bioinspired structures with practical real-world applications.
Topics: Animals; Finite Element Analysis; Stress, Mechanical; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Porifera; Computer Simulation; Biomimetic Materials; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 38714195
DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad483e