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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024Anomalies of the fetal chest require advanced imaging with ultrasound and MR imaging as well as expertise on the part of the interpreting pediatric radiologist.... (Review)
Review
Anomalies of the fetal chest require advanced imaging with ultrasound and MR imaging as well as expertise on the part of the interpreting pediatric radiologist. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and congenital lung malformation are the most frequently seen, and in both conditions, the radiologist should provide both detailed anatomic description and measurement data for prognostication. This article provides a detailed approach to imaging the anatomy, in-depth explanation of available measurements and prognostic value, and keys to identifying candidates for fetal intervention. Less common congenital lung tumors and mediastinal and chest wall masses are also reviewed.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Thorax; Prenatal Diagnosis; Female; Pregnancy; Thoracic Diseases; Lung
PubMed: 38944440
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.03.006 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024Fetal MR imaging overcomes many of the technical barriers of ultrasound and is an important diagnostic tool for fetal genitourinary (GU) anomalies. It is suited for... (Review)
Review
Fetal MR imaging overcomes many of the technical barriers of ultrasound and is an important diagnostic tool for fetal genitourinary (GU) anomalies. It is suited for evaluation of GU anomalies because of the fluid-sensitive sequences and superior soft tissue contrast. Often GU malformations are part of a multisystem genetic or congenital condition, and imaging the entire fetus with MR adds additional clarity about the extent of disease. It adds confidence to diagnoses of renal agenesis, urinary tract dilation, cystic disease, and tumors. It is particularly useful to delineate anatomy in complex GU malformations. This additional information guides counseling.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Urogenital Abnormalities; Prenatal Diagnosis; Female; Pregnancy; Urogenital System
PubMed: 38944439
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.03.008 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024Monochorionic twins are at risk for complications due to the presence of placental vascular anastomoses, including twin-twin transfusion syndrome, twin... (Review)
Review
Monochorionic twins are at risk for complications due to the presence of placental vascular anastomoses, including twin-twin transfusion syndrome, twin anemia-polycythemia sequence, selective fetal growth restriction, and twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence. While ultrasound is the primary modality to screen for the development of these complications, MRI plays an important role in assessing monochorionic twin pregnancies for the development of other complications, such as neurologic injury. In this article, the authors review the ultrasound imaging findings associated with monochorionic twin complications, management options, and the role for MRI in these pregnancies.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Fetoscopy; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Fetofetal Transfusion; Pregnancy, Twin; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Twins, Monozygotic
PubMed: 38944438
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.02.010 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024Skeletal dysplasias (SDs) are a diverse group of genetic disorders. Diagnosis can be difficult as many are rare and with varied presentations, but with knowledge of the... (Review)
Review
Skeletal dysplasias (SDs) are a diverse group of genetic disorders. Diagnosis can be difficult as many are rare and with varied presentations, but with knowledge of the most common SDs presenting prenatal and with an algorithm that uses both sonographic and MR imaging techniques, directed genetic testing and counseling can be provided for many families.
Topics: Humans; Bone Diseases, Developmental; Pregnancy; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Fetal Diseases
PubMed: 38944437
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.02.009 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024Fetal MR imaging has been shown to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of fetal gastro-intestinal pathologies. To recognize the various pathologies, it is, however,... (Review)
Review
Fetal MR imaging has been shown to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of fetal gastro-intestinal pathologies. To recognize the various pathologies, it is, however, essential to know the normal MR imaging appearance of the fetal bowel at various gestational ages. By providing additional information to ultrasound in case of a fetal gastrointestinal anomaly, MR imaging helps to improve planning for the delivery, postnatal management, and improves parental counseling.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prenatal Diagnosis; Gastrointestinal Tract; Female; Pregnancy; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Fetal Diseases
PubMed: 38944436
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.03.005 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024Over the last 20 years, there have been remarkable developments in fetal brain MR imaging analysis methods. This article delves into the specifics of structural... (Review)
Review
Over the last 20 years, there have been remarkable developments in fetal brain MR imaging analysis methods. This article delves into the specifics of structural imaging, diffusion imaging, functional MR imaging, and spectroscopy, highlighting the latest advancements in motion correction, fetal brain development atlases, and the challenges and innovations. Furthermore, this article explores the clinical applications of these advanced imaging techniques in comprehending and diagnosing fetal brain development and abnormalities.
Topics: Humans; Brain; Pregnancy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prenatal Diagnosis; Female; Neuroimaging; Fetus
PubMed: 38944434
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.03.004 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024This article provides the readers with practical guidance on how to perform fetal MR imaging, including technical considerations such as scanner field strength and use... (Review)
Review
This article provides the readers with practical guidance on how to perform fetal MR imaging, including technical considerations such as scanner field strength and use of appropriate radiofrequency receive coils, and summarizes the role, strengths, and limitations of the various MR imaging sequences. The authors review the various factors to consider in scan preparation, including study indication, timing, maternal preparation, and the creation of an institutional fetal imaging protocol. Additional factors that go into scan optimization during acquisition including prioritizing maternal comfort and ways to troubleshoot various artifacts that maybe encountered in fetal imaging are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Female; Fetus; Fetal Diseases
PubMed: 38944433
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.02.008 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024This review covers the embryology, definition, and diagnosis of open spinal dysraphism with a focus on fetal ultrasound and MR imaging findings. Differentiating open... (Review)
Review
This review covers the embryology, definition, and diagnosis of open spinal dysraphism with a focus on fetal ultrasound and MR imaging findings. Differentiating open versus closed spinal dysraphic defects on fetal imaging will also be discussed. Current fetal surgery practices and imaging findings in the context of fetal surgery are also reviewed.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Spine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Spinal Dysraphism; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Fetal Diseases
PubMed: 38944432
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.01.004 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024Prenatal MRI plays an essential role in the evaluation of the head and neck. This article overviews technical considerations and both isolated and syndromic anomalies of... (Review)
Review
Prenatal MRI plays an essential role in the evaluation of the head and neck. This article overviews technical considerations and both isolated and syndromic anomalies of the fetal calvarium, globes and orbits, ears, maxilla, mandible, and neck.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Head; Pregnancy; Neck; Female; Prenatal Diagnosis
PubMed: 38944431
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.03.003 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Aug 2024This review article provides a comprehensive overview of fetal MR imaging in supratentorial cerebral malformations. It emphasizes the importance of fetal MR imaging as... (Review)
Review
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of fetal MR imaging in supratentorial cerebral malformations. It emphasizes the importance of fetal MR imaging as an adjunct diagnostic tool used alongside ultrasound, improving the detection and characterization of prenatal brain abnormalities. This article reviews a spectrum of cerebral malformations, their MR imaging features, and the clinical implications of these findings. Additionally, it outlines the growing importance of fetal MR imaging in the context of perinatal care.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prenatal Diagnosis; Brain
PubMed: 38944430
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2024.03.002