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Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.) Jul 2024In this article, we consider the influence of a periodic sequence of Gaussian pulses on a chimera state in a ring of coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo systems. We found that on...
In this article, we consider the influence of a periodic sequence of Gaussian pulses on a chimera state in a ring of coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo systems. We found that on the way to complete spatial synchronization, one can observe a number of variations of chimera states that are not typical for the parameter range under consideration. For example, the following modes were found: breathing chimera, chimera with intermittency in the incoherent part, traveling chimera with strong intermittency, and others. For comparison, here we also consider the impact of a harmonic influence on the same chimera, and to preserve the generality of the conclusions, we compare the regimes caused by both a purely positive harmonic influence and a positive-negative one.
PubMed: 38953753
DOI: 10.1063/5.0214787 -
Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.) Jul 2024Preservation of the frontotemporal branches of the facial nerve is essential to obtain good cosmetic outcomes after anterolateral cranial base approaches.1,2 Since the...
Preservation of the frontotemporal branches of the facial nerve is essential to obtain good cosmetic outcomes after anterolateral cranial base approaches.1,2 Since the description of the interfacial dissection, most nerve injuries are due to retraction of the nerve fibers and not direct transection.3-5 In this video, we showcase the use of a monopolar stimulator to guide the placement of hook retractors and assess no undue retraction is applied to the nerve fibers during a pterional craniotomy. This simple tool can help in preserving frontalis function after anterolateral skull base craniotomies. Institutional review board approval was not required; the patient consented to the procedure and to the publication of his/her image.
PubMed: 38953653
DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001270 -
Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.) Jul 2024In cases where dumbbell-shaped cervical schwannoma encases the vertebral artery (VA), there is a risk of VA injury during surgery. The objective of this study is to...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
In cases where dumbbell-shaped cervical schwannoma encases the vertebral artery (VA), there is a risk of VA injury during surgery. The objective of this study is to propose a strategy for preserving the VA during the surgical excision of tumors adjacent to the VA through the utilization of anatomic layers.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 37 patients who underwent surgery for dumbbell-shaped cervical schwannoma with contacting VA from January 2004 to July 2023. The VA encasement group consisted of 12 patients, and the VA nonencasement group included 25 patients.
RESULTS
The perineurium acted as a protective barrier from direct VA exposure or injury during surgery. However, in the VA encasement group, 1 patient was unable to preserve the perineurium while removing a tumor adjacent to the VA, resulting in VA injury. The patient had the intact dominant VA on the opposite side, and there were no new neurological deficits or infarctions after the surgery. Gross total resection was achieved in 25 patients (67.6%), while residual tumor was confirmed in 12 patients (32.4%). Four patients (33.3% of 12 patients) underwent reoperation because of the regrowth of the residual tumor within the neural foramen. In the case of the 8 patients (66.7% of 12 patients) whose residual tumor was located outside the neural foramen, no regrowth was observed, and there was no recurrence of the tumor within the remaining perineurium after total resection.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, when resecting a dumbbell-shaped cervical schwannoma contacting VA, subperineurium dissection prevents VA injury because the perineurium acts as a protective barrier.
PubMed: 38953646
DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001245 -
MBio Jul 2024Copious amounts of methane, a major constituent of greenhouse gases currently driving climate change, are emitted by livestock, and efficient methods that curb such...
UNLABELLED
Copious amounts of methane, a major constituent of greenhouse gases currently driving climate change, are emitted by livestock, and efficient methods that curb such emissions are urgently needed to reduce global warming. When fed to cows, the red seaweed (AT) can reduce enteric methane emissions by up to 80%, but the achieved results can vary widely. Livestock produce methane as a byproduct of methanogenesis, which occurs during the breakdown of feed by microbes in the rumen. The ruminant microbiome is a diverse ecosystem comprising bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and archaea, and methanogenic archaea work synergistically with bacteria to produce methane. Here, we find that an effective reduction in methane emission by high-dose AT (0.5% dry matter intake) was associated with a reduction in methanol-utilizing within the rumen, suggesting that they may play a greater role in methane formation than previously thought. However, a later spike in suggested an acquired resistance, possibly via the reductive dehalogenation of bromoform. While we found that AT inhibition of methanogenesis indirectly impacted ruminal bacteria and fermentation pathways due to an increase in spared H, we also found that an increase in butyrate synthesis was due to a direct effect of AT on butyrate-producing bacteria such as , and . Together, our findings provide several novel insights into the impact of AT on both methane emissions and the microbiome, thereby elucidating additional pathways that may need to be targeted to maintain its inhibitory effects while preserving microbiome health and animal productivity.
IMPORTANCE
Livestock emits copious quantities of methane, a major constituent of the greenhouse gases currently driving climate change. Methanogens within the bovine rumen produce methane during the breakdown of feed. While the red seaweed (AT) can significantly reduce methane emissions when fed to cows, its effects appear short-lived. This study revealed that the effective reduction of methane emissions by AT was accompanied by the near-total elimination of methane-generating . However, populations subsequently rebounded due to their ability to inactivate bromoform, a major inhibitor of methane formation found in AT. This study presents novel findings on the contribution of to ruminal methanogenesis, the mode of action of AT, and the possibility for complementing different strategies to effectively curb methane emissions.
PubMed: 38953639
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00782-24 -
Lab on a Chip Jul 2024The recapitulation of tumor microenvironment is of great interest to preclinical screening of drugs. Compared with culture of cell lines, tumor organ slices can better...
The recapitulation of tumor microenvironment is of great interest to preclinical screening of drugs. Compared with culture of cell lines, tumor organ slices can better preserve the complex tumor architecture and phenotypic activity of native cells, but are limited by their exposure to fluid shear and gradual degradation under perfusion culture. Here, we established a decellularized liver matrix (DLM)-GelMA "sandwich" structure and a perfusion-based microfluidic platform to support long-term culture of tumor slices with excellent structural integrity and cell viability over 7 days. The DLM-GelMA was able to secrete cytokines and growth factors while providing shear protection to the tumor slice the sandwich structure, leading to the preservation of the tumor microenvironment where immune cells (CD3, CD8, CD68), tumor-associated fibroblasts (α-SMA), and extracellular matrix components (collagen I, fibronectin) were well maintained. Furthermore, this chip presented anti-tumor efficacy at cisplatin (20 μM) on tumor patients, demonstrating our platform's efficacy to design patient-specific treatment regimens. Taken together, the successful development of this DLM-GelMA sandwich structure on the chip could faithfully reflect the tumor microenvironment and immune response, accelerating the screening process of drug molecules and providing insights for practical medicine.
PubMed: 38953554
DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00278d -
Journal of Managed Care & Specialty... Jul 2024In this market insights program, AMCP brought together a panel of experts representing various stakeholders: national and regional health plans, integrated health care... (Review)
Review
In this market insights program, AMCP brought together a panel of experts representing various stakeholders: national and regional health plans, integrated health care systems, employer benefits groups, clinical experts, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and patient advocacy organizations. The objectives were to gain insights into the current and evolving treatments in hemophilia, sickle cell disease, and β-thalassemia; measure the effects of recently approved therapies on clinicians, payers, and patients; recognize emerging trends within the stop-loss market; address potential issues and obstacles related to monitoring and reporting outcomes; and identify concerns associated with both existing and emerging contracting and reimbursement models. This article aims to summarize expert perspectives on health care system challenges and strategies concerning the management of inherited blood disorders and to advance managed care professionals' understanding of their role in supporting care for these patients. The experts emphasized that when shaping coverage policies, a patient-centered approach is crucial, focusing on preserving organ function to maintain eligibility for future gene therapies among individuals with inherited blood disorders. These strategies, including benefit design modifications, specialized provider networks, and centralized mechanisms like registries, are vital for evaluating effectiveness, facilitating decision-making, and managing costs and risks associated with new and emerging treatment options for inherited blood disorders.
Topics: Humans; Managed Care Programs; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Hemophilia A; Hematologic Diseases; Genetic Therapy
PubMed: 38953485
DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7-a.s1 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2024Dens invaginatus may be associated with peri-invagination lesions and vital pulp concurrently. This case report examines the successful preservation of vital pulp and...
Dens invaginatus may be associated with peri-invagination lesions and vital pulp concurrently. This case report examines the successful preservation of vital pulp and minimally invasive treatment of invagination for Oehlers type IIIA dens invaginatus with an extensive peri-invagination lesion. A healthy 19-year-old man presented with occasional swelling of the left maxillary anterior region. Pulp vitality tests revealed vital and healthy tooth pulp. CBCT indicated Oehlers type IIIA dens invaginatus with an invagination parallel to the pulp cavity. The diagnosis was type IIIA dens invaginatus with a peri-invagination lesion. The treatment plans involved preservation of the vital pulp and minimally invasive treatment of the invagination. A 5-year follow-up revealed that both healing of the peri-invagination lesion and preservation of the vital pulp had been successful. Pulp vitality can be preserved in type IIIA dens invaginatus associated with a peri-invagination lesion through minimally invasive treatment of the invagination.
Topics: Humans; Male; Young Adult; Dental Pulp; Dens in Dente; Follow-Up Studies; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
PubMed: 38953483
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b5459617 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2024To investigate the clinical effect of implant-assisted dental intentional replantation (IR) for the treatment of "drifted" anterior periodontally hopeless teeth (PHT).
Effect of Dental Implant System-Assisted Tooth Intentional Replantation in the Treatment of Anterior Teeth with Pathological Tooth Flaring, Drifting and Elongation in Patients with Stage III/IV Periodontitis: a Case Series.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical effect of implant-assisted dental intentional replantation (IR) for the treatment of "drifted" anterior periodontally hopeless teeth (PHT).
METHODS
The present authors recruited 22 patients with stage III/IV periodontitis who suffered drifting of the maxillary anterior teeth, with a total of 25 teeth. The PHT were extracted for in vitro root canal treatment (RCT). The root surface was smoothed and the shape was trimmed, and the alveolar socket was scratched. The dental implant system was used to prepare the alveolar socket according to the direction, depth and shape of the tooth implantation. The PHT were reimplanted into the prepared alveolar socket. The periodontal indicators were analysed statistically before and after surgery.
RESULT
Twenty-two patients who completed the full course of treatment, with a total of 25 PHT, had a successful retention rate of 88%. Mean periodontal probing depth (PPD) decreased by 2.880 ± 0.556 mm and 3.390 ± 0.634 mm at 6 months and 1 year, respectively, and clinical attachment loss (CAL) decreased by 2.600 ± 0.622 mm and 2.959 ± 0.731 mm at the same time points, respectively, showing significant improvement (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Dental implant system-assisted IR can effectively preserve "drifted" natural PHT in patients with stage III/IV periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Tooth Replantation; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Dental Implants; Root Canal Therapy; Tooth Socket; Maxilla; Treatment Outcome; Incisor
PubMed: 38953479
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b5459589 -
Journal of Medical Virology Jul 2024Factor VIII and IX clotting factor concentrates manufactured from pooled plasma have been identified as potent sources of virus infection in persons with hemophilia...
Factor VIII and IX clotting factor concentrates manufactured from pooled plasma have been identified as potent sources of virus infection in persons with hemophilia (PWHs) in the 1970s and 1980s. To investigate the range and diversity of viruses over this period, we analysed 24 clotting factor concentrates for several blood-borne viruses. Nucleic acid was extracted from 14 commercially produced clotting factors and 10 from nonremunerated donors, preserved in lyophilized form (expiry dates: 1974-1992). Clotting factors were tested by commercial and in-house quantitative PCRs for blood-borne viruses hepatitis A, B, C and E viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV), HIV- types 1/2, parvoviruses B19V and PARV4, and human pegiviruses types 1 and 2 (HPgV-1,-2). HCV and HPgV-1 were the most frequently detected viruses (both 14/24 tested) primarily in commercial clotting factors, with frequently extremely high viral loads in the late 1970s-1985 and a diverse range of HCV genotypes. Detection frequencies sharply declined following introduction of virus inactivation. HIV-1, HBV, and HAV were less frequently detected (3/24, 1/24, and 1/24 respectively); none were positive for HEV. Contrastingly, B19V and PARV4 were detected throughout the study period, even after introduction of dry heat treatment, consistent with ongoing documented transmission to PWHs into the early 1990s. While hemophilia treatment is now largely based on recombinant factor VIII/IX in the UK and elsewhere, the comprehensive screen of historical plasma-derived clotting factors reveals extensive exposure of PWHs to blood-borne viruses throughout 1970s-early 1990s, and the epidemiological and manufacturing parameters that influenced clotting factor contamination.
Topics: Humans; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood-Borne Pathogens; Blood-Borne Infections; Drug Contamination; History, 20th Century; Hemophilia A; Viruses; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Factor VIII; Time Factors
PubMed: 38953434
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29774 -
Neurological Research Jul 2024Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) has been established as a preoperative diagnostic procedure in glioma surgery, increasing the extent of resection and...
BACKGROUND
Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) has been established as a preoperative diagnostic procedure in glioma surgery, increasing the extent of resection and preserving functional outcome. nTMS motor mapping for the resection of motor eloquent meningiomas has not been evaluated in a comparative analysis, yet.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective matched-pair analysis for tumor location and size in meningioma patients with tumors located over or close to the primary motor cortex. Half of the study population received nTMS motor mapping preoperatively (nTMS-group). The primary endpoint were permanent surgery-related motor deficits. Additional factors associated with new motor deficits were evaluated apart from nTMS.
RESULTS
62 patients (mean age 62 ± 15.8 years) were evaluated. 31 patients received preoperative nTMS motor mapping. In this group, motor thresholds (rMT) corresponded with tumor location and preoperative motor status, but could not predict motor outcome. No patient with preoperative intact motor function had a surgery-related permanent deficit in the nTMS group whereas four patients in the non-TMS group with preoperative intact motor status harbored from permanent deficits. 13 patients (21.3%) had a permanent motor deficit postoperatively with no difference between the nTMS and the non-TMS-group. Worsening in motor function was associated with higher patient age ( = 0.01) and contact to the superior sagittal sinus ( = 0.027).
CONCLUSION
nTMSmotor mapping did not lead to postoperative preservation in motorfunction. nTMS data corresponded well with the preoperative motorstatus and were associated with postoperative permanent deficits if tumors were located over the motor hotspot according to nTMS.
PubMed: 38953309
DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2370731