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Nutricion Hospitalaria Jun 2024This article reviews the evidence for the use of different strains of probiotics in the prevention of prevalent pathologies in premature neonates. A systematic review...
This article reviews the evidence for the use of different strains of probiotics in the prevention of prevalent pathologies in premature neonates. A systematic review was conducted of the use of probiotics in neonates with less than 37 weeks of gestational age, based on a search for systematic reviews and observational and experimental studies performed during the period from January 2014 to February 2021. For this purpose, the PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were consulted. The aim of this article was to review the existing data on the relationship between the administration of probiotics (with different strains and doses) and the risk of necrotising enterocolitis, mortality, late sepsis and other disease parameters in premature infants. The literature search obtained 240 articles, of which we selected 16, representing a total sample of over 200,000 premature infants. Analysis of the data obtained reveals statistical evidence that the combined administration of probiotics (especially of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains) reduces the incidence of grade II or higher necrotising enterocolitis, all-cause mortality, late sepsis, length of hospital stay and time until complete enteral nutrition is achieved. However, no benefits were apparent with respect to alleviating bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity or intraventricular haemorrhage. Further research is needed to determine the most appropriate strains, doses and treatment duration for preterm infants to achieve the health benefits identified.
PubMed: 38967287
DOI: 10.20960/nh.03743 -
Public Health Nursing (Boston, Mass.) Jul 2024Limited information is available regarding the knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors and the actual risk behaviors among African American (AA) older...
Limited information is available regarding the knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors and the actual risk behaviors among African American (AA) older women living in rural areas of Alabama. A pilot study of needs assessment for CVD prevention behaviors was conducted to collect such data from rural AA women. This paper reports the quantitative part of the needs assessment of this pilot study. We recruited participants (N = 30) using convenience sampling. Data collection measures included: i) American Heart Association's CVD-related knowledge questionnaire, ii) Five Times Sit to Stand Test to measure dynamic balance and iii) Six minute walk test (6MWT) to assess exercise endurance iv) standard weighing scale to measure body weight and v) standard measurements scale to measure height. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The majority (76%) of participants had hypertension (70%), diabetes (60%), poor balance (70%), and low exercise endurance (100%). Most of the participants had low knowledge related to CVD risk factors. This study demonstrated the need to conduct a large-scale study to assess knowledge related to heart health and the actual needs and preferences of these individuals. Conducting such a study would lay the foundation for developing a need-based program for these underserved individuals while incorporating their preferences and the strategies that would help engage them in a heart health intervention.
PubMed: 38967253
DOI: 10.1111/phn.13370 -
Cancer Medicine Jul 2024The aim of this study was to determine attitude of Dutch midwifes, gynecologists and general practitioners (GPs) towards involvement in antenatal cervical cancer...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to determine attitude of Dutch midwifes, gynecologists and general practitioners (GPs) towards involvement in antenatal cervical cancer screening (CCS) in the Netherlands.
METHODS
In 2021, Dutch midwives, gynecologists, and GPs were offered a single digital questionnaire assessing perceived feasibility, benefits, and harms of antenatal CCS.
RESULTS
A total of 6943 Questionnaires were send and response rate was 18% (N = 1260). Of all respondents, 78% considered antenatal CCS via obstetric care providers feasible. Most respondents (85%) agreed that offering CCS in person can increase motivation to attend. Most midwives (93%) considered that women would feel less encumbered if cervical sampling would be performed by obstetric care providers, rather than by GPs.
CONCLUSION
Results indicate that introduction of antenatal CCS is considered feasible by a majority of Dutch midwifes, gynecologists, and GPs. Considered benefits include improved motivation to attend and reduced test related barriers.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Netherlands; Early Detection of Cancer; Adult; Prenatal Care; Pregnancy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Attitude of Health Personnel; Middle Aged; Midwifery; General Practitioners
PubMed: 38967246
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7380 -
Journal of Motor Behavior Jul 2024This study assessed the impact of integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on athletes' jumping performance and lower limb injury prevention. A thorough search across...
This study assessed the impact of integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on athletes' jumping performance and lower limb injury prevention. A thorough search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library, identified a sample of 19,805 athletes aged between 8.5 and 27.7 years. Results showed that INT led to a significant improvement in jumping ability (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.30-0.60, = 0.000) and a reduction in lower limb injuries (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.62-0.74, = 0.000). The most effective interventions lasted at least 25 minutes, conducted 2-5 times per week, for a minimum of 9 weeks. This approach was particularly beneficial for children and adolescents, as it enhanced their countermovement jump (CMJ) ability and helped in the prevention of injuries.
PubMed: 38967242
DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2024.2369699 -
The Journal of Gene Medicine Jul 2024Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are susceptible to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but current treatments are limited. Icariside II (IS), a...
BACKGROUND
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are susceptible to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but current treatments are limited. Icariside II (IS), a flavonoid compound derived from the plant epimedin, showed anti-cancer,anti-inflammation and immunoregulation effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible effect and underlying mechanisms of IS on NSCLC patients with COVID-19 (NSCLC/COVID-19).
METHODS
NSCLC/COVID-19 targets were defined as the common targets of NSCLC (collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas database) and COVID-19 targets (collected from disease database of Genecards, OMIM, and NCBI). The correlations of NSCLC/COVID-19 targets and survival rates in patients with NSCLC were analyzed using the survival R package. Prognostic analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Furthermore, the targets in IS treatment of NSCLC/COVID-19 were defined as the overlapping targets of IS (predicted from drug database of TMSCP, HERBs, SwissTarget Prediction) and NSCLC/COVID-19 targets. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of these treatment targets were performed aiming to understand the biological process, cellular component, molecular function and signaling pathway. The hub targets were analyzed by a protein-protein interaction network and the binding capacity with IS was characterized by molecular docking.
RESULTS
The hub targets for IS in the treatment of NSCLC/COVID-19 includes F2, SELE, MMP1, MMP2, AGTR1 and AGTR2, and the molecular docking results showed that the above target proteins had a good binding degree to IS. Network pharmacology showed that IS might affect the leucocytes migration, inflammation response and active oxygen species metabolic process, as well as regulate the interleukin-17, tumor necrosus factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway in NSCLC/COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS
IS may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of current clinical anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapy to benefit patients with NSCLC combined with COVID-19.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Lung Neoplasms; COVID-19; Network Pharmacology; Flavonoids; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Protein Interaction Maps; Prognosis
PubMed: 38967229
DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3710 -
Health Services Research Jul 2024To describe the impacts of four Veterans Health Administration (VA) Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) projects implementing an evidence-based lifestyle...
Real-world impacts from a decade of Quality Enhancement Research Initiative-partnered projects to translate the Diabetes Prevention Program in the Veterans Health Administration.
OBJECTIVES
To describe the impacts of four Veterans Health Administration (VA) Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) projects implementing an evidence-based lifestyle intervention known as the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).
DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING
2012-2024 VA administrative and survey data.
STUDY DESIGN
This is a summary of findings and impacts from four effectiveness-implementation projects focused on in-person and/or online DPP across VA sites.
DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS
Patient demographics, participation data, and key findings and impacts were summarized across reports from the VA Diabetes-Mellitus Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI-DM) Diabetes Prevention Program (VA DPP) Trial, QUERI-DM Online DPP Trial, the Enhancing Mental and Physical Health of Women through Engagement and Retention (EMPOWER) QUERI DPP Project, and EMPOWER 2.0 QUERI Program.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Between 2012 and 2024, four VA QUERI studies enrolled 963 Veterans in DPP across 16 VA sites. All participants had overweight/obesity with one additional risk factor for type 2 diabetes (i.e., prediabetes, elevated risk score, or history of gestational diabetes) and 56% (N = 536) were women. In addition to enhancing the reach of and engagement in diabetes prevention services among Veterans, these projects resulted in three key impacts as follows: (1) informing the national redesign of VA MOVE! including recommendations to increase the number of MOVE! sessions and revise guidelines across 150+ VA sites, (2) enhancing the national evidence base to support online DPP delivery options with citations in national care guidelines outside VA, and (3) demonstrating the importance of gender-tailoring of preventive care services by and for women Veterans to enhance engagement in preventive services.
CONCLUSIONS
Over the past decade, the evolution of VA QUERI DPP projects increased the reach of and engagement in diabetes prevention services among Veterans, including women Veterans who have been harder to engage in lifestyle change programs in VA, and resulted in three key impacts informing type 2 diabetes and obesity prevention efforts within and outside of VA.
PubMed: 38967218
DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.14349 -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2024Bone metastasis in metastatic breast cancer commonly results in osteolytic lesions due to osteoclast activity, promoting bone destruction and tumor progression. The...
Bone metastasis in metastatic breast cancer commonly results in osteolytic lesions due to osteoclast activity, promoting bone destruction and tumor progression. The bioactive fungal isolates, 4-acetyl-antroquinonol B (4-AAQB) and erinacine A, have diverse pharmacological and biological activities. However, their effects on breast cancer bone metastasis treatment remain unclear. Our study aimed to examine the impact of 4-AAQB or erinacine A on breast cancer metastases in bone. The effects of 4-AAQB and erinacine A on breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis, breast cancer migration, production of prometastatic cytokine (TGF-β) and marker (MMP-9), as well as potential MAPK signaling transductions were assessed. The results revealed that 4-AAQB and erinacine A effectively suppressed breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis and migration, and reduced TGF-β and MMP-9 production via Erk or JNK signaling transductions, specifically in breast cancer cells or in breast cancer cells-induced osteoclasts. Based on these findings, either 4-AAQB or erinacine A showed promise in preventing breast cancer metastases in bone.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Humans; Female; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Animals; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Bone Neoplasms; Mice; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Cyclohexanones; 4-Butyrolactone
PubMed: 38967210
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024053977 -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2024Lingzhi or reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, is a medicinal mushroom quite widely developed as herbal medicine because it has acted as an anticancer, antitumor,...
Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) Nanogel in a Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis Rat Model: Anti-Arthritic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidative Activity.
Lingzhi or reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, is a medicinal mushroom quite widely developed as herbal medicine because it has acted as an anticancer, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The active mycochemical compounds of G. lucidum mushrooms, such as flavonoids and polysaccharides, can suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevent lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease where the exact cause is unknown, and RA prevalence continues to increase yearly. In patients with RA, joint damage and inflammation occur. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of G. lucidum nanogels as anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative. The research method was a true experiment using a control group and treatment group that randomly assigned, using 24 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 0.1 mL. The rats were divided into six groups; healthy control/HCt (did not receive the treatment), negative control/NCt (induced by CFA), and positive control/PCt (given 0.012 diclofenac sodium). TG1 (given 250 mg G. lucidum nanogels), TG2 (given 500 mg G. lucidum nanogels), TG3 (given 750 mg G. lucidum nanogels). IgG, eNOS, IL-1β, COX-2, NOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 parameters were measured using ELISA, and the data obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS (P < 0.05). The results showed that administering G. lucidum nanogels significantly reduced IgG, NOS, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increased eNOS levels. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing eNOS levels prove that the nanogel extract G. lucidum have the potential to be developed as anti-arthritis natural therapeutic.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats, Wistar; Reishi; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Antioxidants; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Rats; Freund's Adjuvant; Nanogels; Disease Models, Animal; Arthritis, Experimental; Cytokines; Polyethylene Glycols; Polyethyleneimine
PubMed: 38967209
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024053884 -
Cancer Medicine Jul 2024Our study aims to evaluate the predictive accuracy of functional liver remnant volume (FLRV) in post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) among surgically-treated jaundiced...
Is conventional functional liver remnant volume higher than 40% still sufficient to prevent post-hepatectomy liver failure in jaundiced patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma? A single-center experience in China.
OBJECTIVE
Our study aims to evaluate the predictive accuracy of functional liver remnant volume (FLRV) in post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) among surgically-treated jaundiced patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA).
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed surgically-treated jaundiced patients with HCCA between June, 2000 and June, 2018. The correlation between FRLV and PHLF were analyzed. The optimal cut off value of FLRV in jaundiced HCCA patients was also identified and its impact was furtherly evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 224 jaundiced HCCA patients who received a standard curative resection (43 patients developed PHLF) were identified. Patients with PHLF shared more aggressive clinic-pathological features and were generally in a more advanced stage than those without PHLF. An obvious inconsistent distribution of FLRV in patients with PHLF and those without PHLF were detected. FLRV (continuous data) had a high predictive accuracy in PHLF. The newly-acquired cut off value (FLRV = 53.5%, sensitivity = 81.22%, specificity = 81.4%) showed a significantly higher predictive accuracy than conventional FLRV cut off value (AUC: 0.81 vs. 0.60, p < 0.05). Moreover, patients with FLRV lower than 53.5% also shared a significantly higher major morbidity rate as well as a worse prognosis, which were not detected for FLRV of 40%.
CONCLUSION
For jaundiced patients with HCCA, a modified FLRV of 53.5% is recommended due to its great impact on PHLF, as well as its correlation with postoperative major morbidities as well as overall prognosis, which might help clinicians to stratify patients with different therapeutic regimes and outcomes. Future multi-center studies for training and validation are required for further validation.
Topics: Humans; Male; Hepatectomy; Female; Middle Aged; Klatskin Tumor; Retrospective Studies; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Liver Failure; China; Jaundice; Liver; Aged; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Adult; Organ Size
PubMed: 38967142
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7342 -
BJU International Jul 2024The mitochondrion serves as a critical intracellular organelle, engaging in essential roles in the regulation of energy production, oxidative stress management, calcium... (Review)
Review
The mitochondrion serves as a critical intracellular organelle, engaging in essential roles in the regulation of energy production, oxidative stress management, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. One such disease that has been particularly associated with these functions is kidney stone disease (KSD), specifically calcium oxalate (CaOx). It is underpinned by oxidative stress and tissue inflammation. Recent studies have shed light on the vital involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction, the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent cell death in CaOx crystal retention and aggregation. These processes are pivotal in the pathogenesis of kidney stone formation. This review focuses on the pivotal roles of mitochondria in renal cell functions and provides an overview of the intricate interconnectedness between mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the context of KSD. It is essential to recognise the utmost significance of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that safeguard mitochondrial function and regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Such knowledge carries significant scientific implications and opens up promising avenues for the development of innovative strategies to prevent the formation of kidney stones.
PubMed: 38967108
DOI: 10.1111/bju.16454