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Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology May 2024Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is associated with increased risk of fractures, worsened by presence of microvascular complications. This study's objective is to determine the...
BACKGROUND
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is associated with increased risk of fractures, worsened by presence of microvascular complications. This study's objective is to determine the impact of progressive decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on bone biomarkers and bone microarchitecture in youth with T1D.
METHODS
Slopes of eGFR were calculated using measures obtained at four timepoints from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were identified as eGFR decliners if eGFR decreased ≥ 3ml/min/1.73m/year. Bone health was assessed in young adulthood by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT Xtreme CTII) and bone biomarkers; osteocalcin, procollagen 1 intact n-terminal pro-peptide (P1NP), c-terminal telopeptide (CTX), and bone specific alkaline phosphatase. The relationship between diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI) and vitamin D level on bone biomarkers and microarchitecture was evaluated. Linear regression analysis was used for the statistical analysis in this study.
RESULTS
Ninety-nine study participants were studied with longitudinal evaluation of eGFR over 7.4 ± 1.0 years with mean age of 14.7 ± 1.7 years at baseline. Cross sectional evaluation of bone was performed at 21.3 ± 2.1 years. 44% participants had eGFR decline and showed 5% higher cortical porosity diameter than non-decliners (p = 0.035). Greater diabetes duration was associated with higher trabecular separation (p = 0.004) and lower trabecular number (p = 0.01). Higher level of 25 hydroxy-vitamin D was associated with lower trabecular separation (p = 0.01). Elevated glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.0008) and BMI (p = 0.009), were associated with lower markers of bone formation.
CONCLUSION
Mild increase in cortical porosity diameter was found in youth with T1D and eGFR decline, however, overall measures of bone microarchitecture on HR-pQCT were similar between both groups and there were no statistically significant changes in bone biomarkers. Hence, skeletal impairments were limited in youth with different eGFR trajectories near peak bone mass. Longitudinal HR-pQCT studies are needed to further understand the impact of eGFR decline on bone microarchitecture. Optimal glycemic control, normal BMI and vitamin D status were supported by this study as important markers for good bone health.
PubMed: 38790001
DOI: 10.1186/s40842-024-00169-6 -
Clinical Chemistry May 2024When using biological variation (BV) data, BV estimates need to be robust and representative. High-endurance athletes represent a population under special physiological...
BACKGROUND
When using biological variation (BV) data, BV estimates need to be robust and representative. High-endurance athletes represent a population under special physiological conditions, which could influence BV estimates. Our study aimed to estimate BV in athletes for metabolism and growth-related biomarkers involved in the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP), by 2 different statistical models.
METHODS
Thirty triathletes were sampled monthly for 11 months. The samples were analyzed for human growth hormone (hGH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), insulin, and N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P-III-NP) by immunoassay. Bayesian and ANOVA methods were applied to estimate within-subject (CVI) and between-subject BV.
RESULTS
CVI estimates ranged from 7.8% for IGFBP-3 to 27.0% for insulin, when derived by the Bayesian method. The 2 models gave similar results, except for P-III-NP. Data were heterogeneously distributed for P-III-NP for the overall population and in females for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. BV components were not estimated for hGH due to lack of steady state. The index of individuality was below 0.6 for all measurands, except for insulin.
CONCLUSIONS
In an athlete population, to apply a common CVI for insulin would be appropriate, but for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 gender-specific estimates should be applied. P-III-NP data were heterogeneously distributed and using a mean CVI may not be representative for the population. The high degree of individuality for IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and P-III-NP makes them good candidates to be interpreted through reference change values and the ABP.
PubMed: 38781424
DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvae072 -
PloS One 2024This study aimed to evaluate the intervention effect of curcumin on hepatic fibrosis in rodent models through systematic review and meta-analysis, in order to provide... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the intervention effect of curcumin on hepatic fibrosis in rodent models through systematic review and meta-analysis, in order to provide meaningful guidance for clinical practice.
METHODS
A systematic retrieval of relevant studies on curcumin intervention in rats or mice hepatic fibrosis models was conducted, and the data were extracted. The outcome indicators included liver cell structure and function related indicators, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), ratio of albumin to globulin (A/G), total bilirubin (TBIL), bax protein, bcl-2 protein and index of liver, as well as the relevant indicators for evaluating the degree of hepatic fibrosis, such as hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), type I collagen (Collagen I), type III collagen (Collagen III), type III procollagen (PCIII), type III procollagen amino terminal peptide (PIIINP), type IV collagen (IV-C), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), hydroxyproline (HYP), platelet derived factor-BB (PDGF-BB), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and oxidative stress-related indicators, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). These results were then analyzed by meta-analysis. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the syrcle's bias risk tool.
RESULTS
A total of 59 studies were included in the meta-analysis, and the results showed that curcumin can reduce the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL, bax protein, and index of liver in hepatic fibrosis models. It can also reduce HA, LN, Collagen I, Collagen III, PCIII, PIIINP, IV-C, TNF-α, α-SMA, HYP, PDGF-BB, CTGF, TGF-β1 and MDA, and increase the levels of ALB, A/G, SOD, and GSH-Px in the hepatic fibrosis models. However, the effects of curcumin on bcl-2 protein, IL-6 in hepatic fibrosis models and index of liver in mice were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
The analysis results indicate that curcumin can reduce liver cell apoptosis by maintaining the stability of liver cell membrane, inhibit the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells by reducing inflammatory response, and alleviate tissue peroxidation damage by clearing oxygen free radicals.
Topics: Animals; Liver Cirrhosis; Curcumin; Mice; Rats; Disease Models, Animal; Oxidative Stress; Liver
PubMed: 38781262
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304176 -
JCI Insight May 2024Caloric restriction improves metabolic health but is often complicated by bone loss. We studied bone parameters in humans during a 10-day fast and identified candidate...
Caloric restriction improves metabolic health but is often complicated by bone loss. We studied bone parameters in humans during a 10-day fast and identified candidate metabolic regulators of bone turnover. Pro-collagen 1 intact N-terminal pro-peptide (P1NP), a bone formation marker, decreased within 3 days of fasting. Whereas dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measures of bone mineral density were unchanged after 10 days of fasting, high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT demonstrated remodeling of bone microarchitecture. Pathway analysis of longitudinal metabolomics data identified one-carbon metabolism as fasting dependent. In cultured osteoblasts, we tested the functional significance of one-carbon metabolites modulated by fasting, finding that methionine - which surged after 3 days of fasting - affected markers of osteoblast cell state in a concentration-dependent manner, in some instances exhibiting a U-shaped response with both low and high concentrations driving putative antibone responses. Administration of methionine to mice for 5 days recapitulated some fasting effects on bone, including a reduction in serum P1NP. In conclusion, a 10-day fast in humans led to remodeling of bone microarchitecture, potentially mediated by a surge in circulating methionine. These data support an emerging model that points to a window of optimal methionine exposure for bone health.
Topics: Methionine; Animals; Humans; Bone Remodeling; Fasting; Mice; Male; Female; Bone Density; Osteoblasts; Procollagen; Middle Aged; Adult; Absorptiometry, Photon; Peptide Fragments; Caloric Restriction
PubMed: 38780544
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177997 -
Theranostics 2024Cell metabolism reprogramming to sustain energy production, while reducing oxygen and energy consuming processes is crucially important for the adaptation to...
Cell metabolism reprogramming to sustain energy production, while reducing oxygen and energy consuming processes is crucially important for the adaptation to hypoxia/ischemia. Adaptive metabolic rewiring is controlled by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Accumulating experimental evidence indicates that timely activation of HIF in brain-resident cells improves the outcome from acute ischemic stroke. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Thus, we investigated whether HIF-dependent metabolic reprogramming affects the vulnerability of brain-resident cells towards ischemic stress. We used genetic and pharmacological approaches to activate HIF in the murine brain and in primary neurons and astrocytes . Numerous metabolomic approaches and molecular biological techniques were applied to elucidate potential HIF-dependent effects on the central carbon metabolism of brain cells. In animal and cell models of ischemic stroke, we analysed whether HIF-dependent metabolic reprogramming influences the susceptibility to ischemic injury. Neuron-specific gene ablation of prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) protein, negatively regulating the protein stability of HIF-α in an oxygen dependent manner, reduced brain injury and functional impairment of mice after acute stroke in a HIF-dependent manner. Accordingly, PHD2 deficient neurons showed an improved tolerance towards ischemic stress , which was accompanied by enhanced HIF-1-mediated glycolytic lactate production through pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-mediated inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase. Systemic treatment of mice with roxadustat, a low-molecular weight pan-PHD inhibitor, not only increased the abundance of numerous metabolites of the central carbon and amino acid metabolism in murine brain, but also ameliorated cerebral tissue damage and sensorimotor dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke. In neurons and astrocytes roxadustat provoked a HIF-1-dependent glucose metabolism reprogramming including elevation of glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, glycolytic capacity, lactate production and lactate release, which enhanced the ischemic tolerance of astrocytes, but not neurons. We found that strong activation of HIF-1 in neurons by non-selective inhibition of all PHD isoenzymes caused a HIF-1-dependent upregulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 redirecting glucose-6-phosphate from pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to the glycolysis pathway. This was accompanied by a reduction of NADPH production in the PPP, which further decreased the low intrinsic antioxidant reserve of neurons, making them more susceptible to ischemic stress. Nonetheless, in organotypic hippocampal cultures with preserved neuronal-glial interactions roxadustat decreased the neuronal susceptibility to ischemic stress, which was largely prevented by restricting glycolytic energy production through lactate transport blockade. Collectively, our results indicate that HIF-1-mediated metabolic reprogramming alleviates the intrinsic vulnerability of brain-resident cells to ischemic stress.
Topics: Animals; Female; Male; Mice; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Carbon; Cellular Reprogramming; Disease Models, Animal; Glycolysis; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases; Ischemic Stroke; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurons; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase
PubMed: 38773968
DOI: 10.7150/thno.88223 -
EMBO Reports Jun 2024The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces proteins destined to organelles of the endocytic and secretory pathways, the plasma membrane, and the extracellular space. While...
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces proteins destined to organelles of the endocytic and secretory pathways, the plasma membrane, and the extracellular space. While native proteins are transported to their intra- or extracellular site of activity, folding-defective polypeptides are retro-translocated across the ER membrane into the cytoplasm, poly-ubiquitylated and degraded by 26 S proteasomes in a process called ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Large misfolded polypeptides, such as polymers of alpha1 antitrypsin Z (ATZ) or mutant procollagens, fail to be dislocated across the ER membrane and instead enter ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD) pathways. Here, we show that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ERAD components, such as the α1,2-mannosidase EDEM1 or the OS9 ERAD lectins triggers the delivery of the canonical ERAD clients Null Hong Kong (NHK) and BACE457Δ to degradative endolysosomes under control of the ER-phagy receptor FAM134B and the LC3 lipidation machinery. Our results reveal that ERAD dysfunction is compensated by the activation of FAM134B-driven ERLAD pathways that ensure efficient lysosomal clearance of orphan ERAD clients.
Topics: Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation; Lysosomes; Humans; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Membrane Proteins; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Proteolysis; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Animals; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Protein Folding; Protein Transport; Lectins; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Mice; HeLa Cells
PubMed: 38773321
DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00165-y -
Age and Ageing May 2024Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to alterations in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and the renal-bone axis. This may be partly driven by altered inflammation and...
CONTEXT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to alterations in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and the renal-bone axis. This may be partly driven by altered inflammation and iron status. Vitamin D supplementation may reduce inflammation.
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS
Older adults with early CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30-60 ml/min/1.73 m2; CKDG3a/b; n = 35) or normal renal function (eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73 m2; CKDG1; n = 35) received 12,000, 24,000 or 48,000 IU D3/month for 1 year. Markers of the renal-bone axis, inflammation and iron status were investigated pre- and post-supplementation. Predictors of c-terminal and intact FGF23 (cFGF23; iFGF23) were identified by univariate and multivariate regression.
RESULTS
Pre-supplementation, comparing CKDG3a/b to CKDG1, plasma cFGF23, iFGF23, PTH, sclerostin and TNFα were significantly higher and Klotho, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and iron were lower. Post-supplementation, only cFGF23, 25(OH)D and IL6 differed between groups. The response to supplementation differed between eGFR groups. Only in the CKDG1 group, phosphate decreased, cFGF23, iFGF23 and procollagen type I N-propeptide increased. In the CKDG3a/b group, TNFα significantly decreased, and iron increased. Plasma 25(OH)D and IL10 increased, and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks decreased in both groups. In univariate models cFGF23 and iFGF23 were predicted by eGFR and regulators of calcium and phosphate metabolism at both time points; IL6 predicted cFGF23 (post-supplementation) and iFGF23 (pre-supplementation) in univariate models. Hepcidin predicted post-supplementation cFGF23 in multivariate models with eGFR.
CONCLUSION
Alterations in regulators of the renal-bone axis, inflammation and iron status were found in early CKD. The response to vitamin D3 supplementation differed between eGFR groups. Plasma IL6 predicted both cFGF23 and iFGF23 and hepcidin predicted cFGF23.
Topics: Humans; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Aged; Male; Female; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Dietary Supplements; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Biomarkers; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Iron; Kidney; Vitamin D; Aged, 80 and over; Treatment Outcome; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Age Factors; Cholecalciferol; Time Factors; Bone and Bones
PubMed: 38770543
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae096 -
PeerJ 2024Physical activity is an important factor in modelling the remodelling and metabolism of bone tissue. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in indices...
BACKGROUND
Physical activity is an important factor in modelling the remodelling and metabolism of bone tissue. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in indices demonstrating bone turnover in men under the influence of maximum-intensity exercise.
METHODS
The study involved 33 men aged 20-25, divided into two groups: experimental ( = 15) and control ( = 18). People training medium- and long-distance running were assigned to the experimental group, and non-training individuals to the control. Selected somatic, physiological and biochemical indices were measured. The level of aerobic fitness was determined using a progressively increasing graded test (treadmill test for subjective fatigue). Blood samples for determinations were taken before the test and 60 minutes after its completion. The concentration of selected bone turnover markers was assessed: bone fraction of alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), osteoclacin (OC), N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of the alpha chain of type I collagen (NTx1), N-terminal propeptide of type I progolagen (PINP), osteoprotegerin (OPG). In addition, the concentration of 25(OH)D3 prior to the stress test was determined. Additionally, pre and post exercise, the concentration of lactates in the capillary blood was determined.
RESULTS
When comparing the two groups, significant statistical differences were found for the mean level of: 25(OH)D3 ( = 0.025), b-ALP ( < 0.001), OC ( = 0.004) and PINP ( = 0.029) prior to the test. On the other hand, within individual groups, between the values pre and post the stress test, there were statistically significant differences for the average level of: b-ALP ( < 0.001), NTx1 ( < 0.001), OPG ( = 0.001) and PINP ( = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
A single-session maximum physical effort can become an effective tool to initiate positive changes in bone turnover markers.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Exercise; Young Adult; Osteoprotegerin; Alkaline Phosphatase; Collagen Type I; Peptides; Running; Exercise Test; Procollagen
PubMed: 38770097
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17258 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Apr 2024To evaluate the effect of subcutaneous teriparatide therapy on fracture healing rate and change in bone mass density in osteoporotic hip fractures. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of subcutaneous teriparatide therapy on fracture healing rate and change in bone mass density in osteoporotic hip fractures.
METHODS
The meta-analysis was done from September to December 2022, and comprised literature search on Wanfang, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from the establishment of the respective database till December 2022. The relevant journals of the library of Macao University of Science and Technology, China, were manually searched for randomised controlled trials of teriparatide in the treatment of osteoporotic hip fractures. The shortlisted studies were subjectd to Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Jadad Rating Scale. Meta-analysis was done using the RevMan 5.4 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration Network. Fracture healing rate and bone mineral density were the primary outcome measures, while mortality, adverse events, malformations, complications, subsequent fractures, timed-up-and-go test, visual analogue scale score, and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide were the secondary outcome measures.
RESULTS
Of the 1,094 articles retrieved, 8(0.7%) randomised controlled trials were analysed. There were 744 patients; 372(50%) in the teriparatide group and 372(50%) in the control group. Fracture healing rate was not significantly different (p=0.82), while bone mineral density was significantly different between the groups (p<0.001). Mortality, adverse events, deformity, and complications were not significantly different (p>0.05), while subsequent fractures, timed-up-and-go score, visual analogue scale score and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide were significantly different between the groups (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The literature did not support teriparatide's ability to improve the healing rate of osteoporotic hip fractures, or to reduce mortality, adverse events, malformations, and complications. In addition, teriparatide could increase bone mineral density of osteoporotic hip fractures and the procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide value, alleviate hip pain, and reduce subsequent fracture rates. This trial is registered with PROSPERO with registration number CRD42022379832.
Topics: Humans; Teriparatide; Osteoporotic Fractures; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Hip Fractures; Bone Density; Fracture Healing; Bone Remodeling; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Peptide Fragments; Procollagen
PubMed: 38751272
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9245 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024To investigate the relationship between bone turnover markers (BTMs) and thyroid indicators in Graves' disease (GD) and to further assess predictive value of changes in...
PURPOSE
To investigate the relationship between bone turnover markers (BTMs) and thyroid indicators in Graves' disease (GD) and to further assess predictive value of changes in early stage retrospectively.
METHODS
We studied 435 patients with GD and 113 healthy physical examiners retrospectively and followed up these two groups of patients after 6 months. We investigated the correlations between BTMs and other 15 observed factors, and analyzed the predictive value of FT and FT before and after treatment (FT-P/FT-A, FT-P/FT-A) on whether BTMs recovered.
RESULTS
The levels of thyroid hormones and BTMs in GD group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05) and decreased after 6 months of treatment. FT3, W, Ca and ALP were independent factors in predicting the elevation of OST. Duration of disease, FT3, TSH and ALP were independent factors in predicting the elevation of P1NP. Age, duration of disease, TRAb and ALP were independent factors in predicting the elevation of CTX-1. The AUC of FT-P/FT-A and FT-P/FT-A for predicting OST recovery were 0.748 and 0.705 (P < 0.05), respectively, and the cut-off values were 0.51 and 0.595. There was no predictive value for P1NP and CTX-1 recovery (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
BTMs were abnormally elevated in GD and were significantly correlated with serum levels of FT3, FT4, TRAb, Ca, and ALP. FT decreased more than 51% and FT dropped more than 59.5% after 6 months of treatment were independent predictors for the recovery of BTMs in GD.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Graves Disease; Adult; Biomarkers; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Bone Remodeling; Predictive Value of Tests; Thyroid Gland; Bone and Bones; Thyroid Hormones; Case-Control Studies; Prognosis; Antithyroid Agents; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 38742199
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1301213