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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Atenolol (ATE) and propranolol (PRO) inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin have been investigated in aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was examined and...
Atenolol (ATE) and propranolol (PRO) inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin have been investigated in aqueous solution. The aqueous solution was examined and characterized using UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and H NMR. The physical mixture was characterized using FTIR. The existence of inclusion complexes is confirmed by observing changes in spectroscopic properties. The ATE complex with β-CD exhibited an interaction as host and (β-CD) as a guest in a 1:1 ratio, with an inclusion constant K of 2.09 × 10 µM, as determined by the typical double-reciprocal graphs. Similarly, the PRO complex with β-CD exhibited an interaction as host and (β-CD) guest in 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometry at the same time; the inclusion constants were K1 = 5.80 × 10 µM and K2 = 4.67 × 10 µM, as determined by typical double-reciprocal graphs. The variables influencing the formation of the inclusion complexes were investigated and optimized. Based on the enhancement in fluorescence intensity due to the formation of inclusion complexes, spectrofluorometric methods were developed and validated for determination of each drug's pharmaceutical formulation. The quantification of the fluorescence intensity for ATE and PRO was conducted at λ/λ 226/302 nm and λ/λ 231/338 nm, respectively. Under the optimal reaction circumstances, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients of 0.9918 and 0.99 were found in the concentration ranges of 0.3-1.7 μM, and 0.1-1.1 μM for ATE and PRO, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) were found to be 0.13 and 0.01 μM for ATE and PRO, respectively. The suggested approach was effectively applied to the analysis of both drugs' pharmaceutical formulations.
Topics: Atenolol; beta-Cyclodextrins; Propranolol; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 38930938
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122875 -
Microorganisms May 2024Two thermophilic spore-forming sulfate-reducing strains, 435 and 781, were isolated from oil and gas reservoirs in Western Siberia (Russia) about 50 years ago. Both...
Two thermophilic spore-forming sulfate-reducing strains, 435 and 781, were isolated from oil and gas reservoirs in Western Siberia (Russia) about 50 years ago. Both strains were found to be neutrophilic, chemoorganotrophic, anaerobic bacteria, growing at 45-70 °C (optimum, 55-60 °C) and with 0-4.5% (/) NaCl (optimum, 0.5-1% NaCl). The major fatty acids were iso-C, iso-C, C, and C. In sulfate-reducing conditions, the strains utilized H/CO, formate, lactate, pyruvate, malate, fumarate, succinate, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, butyrate, valerate, and palmitate. In 2005, based on phenotypic characteristics and a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains were described as '' sp. nov. However, this species was not validly published because the type strain was not deposited in two culture collections. In this study, a genomic analysis of strain 435 was carried out to determine its taxonomic affiliation. The genome size of strain 435 was 2.886 Mb with a 55.1% genomic G + C content. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were highest between strain 435 and members of the genus , 78.7-93.3% and 25.0-52.2%, respectively; these values were below the species delineation cut-offs (<95-96% and <70%). The cumulative phenotypic and phylogenetic data indicate that two strains represent a novel species within the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 435 (=VKM B-1492 = DSM 23196). A genome analysis of strain 435 revealed the genes for dissimilatory sulfate reduction, autotrophic carbon fixation via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, hydrogen utilization, methanol and organic acids metabolism, and sporulation, which were confirmed by cultivation studies.
PubMed: 38930497
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061115 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Ethanol possesses high economic value, but as an industrial waste, it poses harm to human health and the environment. The paper describes the preparation of a...
Ethanol possesses high economic value, but as an industrial waste, it poses harm to human health and the environment. The paper describes the preparation of a thermoplastic polyurethane-poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (TPU-PNIPAM) copolymer designed to selectively uptake alcohol in aqueous solution. The material was created by bonding TPU and PNIPAM together through intermolecular hydrogen bonds, enhancing its hydrophobic properties and making it easier to interact with alcohol molecules. As the amount of PNIPAM in TPU increases, the number of hydrophobic isopropyl groups in TPU-PNIPAM also increases, leading to an enhanced selective uptake ability of TPU-PNIPAM for alcohols in aqueous solution. When the temperature reaches 55 °C, the hydrophobic groups in TPU-PNIPAM are more exposed, further enhancing the selective uptake ability of TPU-PNIPAM for alcohols in aqueous solution. TPU-PNIPAM demonstrates selective preferential uptake for various concentrations and types of alcohol in aqueous solutions. The material's selective uptake performance for alcohols increases with their hydrophobicity, so TPU-PNIPAM exhibited the best adsorption performance for a 10 wt% n-propanol solution under the combined effect of steric hindrance. In addition, TPU-PNIPAM exhibited selective adsorption for other organic solvents, which demonstrated the universality of TPU-PNIPAM in removing contaminants from aqueous solutions.
PubMed: 38930165
DOI: 10.3390/ma17122795 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024This study investigates the effect of pure yeast culture fermentation versus spontaneous fermentation on the volatile compound profile of industrially produced plum...
This study investigates the effect of pure yeast culture fermentation versus spontaneous fermentation on the volatile compound profile of industrially produced plum brandy. Using traditional distillation methods, the evolution of key volatile compounds is monitored at seven different moments during the distillation process. By integrating advanced analytical techniques such as GC-MS and sensory evaluation, significant differences in the composition of the distillates are highlighted, particularly in terms of ethyl esters and higher alcohols which are key to the sensory properties of the final product. Distillates produced with the addition of pure cultures gave higher concentrations of esters than those obtained by wild fermentation. The results of our industrial research show that the most critical step is to limit the storage of the input raw material, thereby reducing the subsequent risk of producing higher concentrations of 1-propanol. Furthermore, our results indicate that the heart of the distillate can only be removed up to an ethanol content of approximately 450 g/L and that the removal of additional ethanol results in only a 10% increase in the total volume of the distillate, which in turn results in an increase in boiler heating costs of approximately 30%.
PubMed: 38928895
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121955 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Atenolol, one of the top five best-selling drugs in the world today used to treat angina and hypertension, and to reduce the risk of death after a heart attack, faces...
Atenolol, one of the top five best-selling drugs in the world today used to treat angina and hypertension, and to reduce the risk of death after a heart attack, faces challenges in current synthetic methods to address inefficiencies and environmental concerns. The traditional synthesis of this drug involves a process that generates a large amount of waste and other by-products that need disposal. This study presents a one-pot DES-based sustainable protocol for synthesizing atenolol. The use of the DES allowed the entire process to be conducted with no need for additional bases or catalysts, in short reaction times, under mild conditions, and avoiding chromatographic purification. The overall yield of atenolol was 95%. The scalability of the process to gram-scale production was successfully demonstrated, emphasizing its potential in industrial applications. Finally, the 'greenness' evaluation, performed using the First Pass CHEM21 Metrics Toolkit, highlighted the superiority in terms of the atom economy, the reaction mass efficiency, and the overall process mass intensity of the DES-based synthesis compared with the already existing methods.
Topics: Atenolol; Deep Eutectic Solvents; Green Chemistry Technology
PubMed: 38928384
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126677 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The pivotal role of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the emotional modulation of hippocampal plasticity and memory consolidation is well-established. Specifically,...
Predatory Odor Exposure as a Potential Paradigm for Studying Emotional Modulation of Memory Consolidation-The Role of the Noradrenergic Transmission in the Basolateral Amygdala.
The pivotal role of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the emotional modulation of hippocampal plasticity and memory consolidation is well-established. Specifically, multiple studies have demonstrated that the activation of the noradrenergic (NA) system within the BLA governs these modulatory effects. However, most current evidence has been obtained by direct infusion of synthetic NA or beta-adrenergic agonists. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of endogenous NA release in the BLA, induced by a natural aversive stimulus (coyote urine), on memory consolidation for a low-arousing, hippocampal-dependent task. Our experiments combined a weak object location task (OLT) version with subsequent mild predator odor exposure (POE). To investigate the role of endogenous NA in the BLA in memory modulation, a subset of the animals (Wistar rats) was treated with the non-selective beta-blocker propranolol at the end of the behavioral procedures. Hippocampal tissue was collected 90 min after drug infusion or after the OLT test, which was performed 24 h later. We used the obtained samples to estimate the levels of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc)-two molecular markers of experience-dependent changes in neuronal activity. The result suggests that POE has the potential to become a valuable behavioral paradigm for studying the interaction between BLA and the hippocampus in memory prioritization and selectivity.
Topics: Animals; Memory Consolidation; Basolateral Nuclear Complex; Male; Rats; Odorants; Norepinephrine; Hippocampus; Emotions; Rats, Wistar; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Propranolol
PubMed: 38928281
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126576 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024In this study, FeO nanoparticles (FeNPs) decorated with halogenated perylene diimides (PDIs) have been used for capturing VOCs (volatile organic compounds) through...
In this study, FeO nanoparticles (FeNPs) decorated with halogenated perylene diimides (PDIs) have been used for capturing VOCs (volatile organic compounds) through noncovalent binding. Concretely, we have used tetrachlorinated/brominated PDIs as well as a nonhalogenated PDI as a reference system. On the other hand, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol were used as VOCs. Experimental studies along with theoretical calculations (the BP86-D3/def2-TZVPP level of theory) pointed to two possible and likely competitive binding modes (lone pair-π through the π-acidic surface of the PDI and a halogen bond via the σ-holes at the Cl/Br atoms). More in detail, thermal desorption (TD) experiments showed an increase in the VOC retention capacity upon increasing the length of the alkyl chain, suggesting a preference for the interaction with the PDI aromatic surface. In addition, the tetrachlorinated derivative showed larger VOC retention times compared to the tetrabrominated analog. These results were complemented by several state-of-the-art computational tools, such as the electrostatic surface potential analysis, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), as well as the noncovalent interaction plot (NCIplot) visual index, which were helpful to rationalize the role of each interaction in the VOC···PDI recognition phenomena.
Topics: Alcohols; Perylene; Volatile Organic Compounds; Halogens; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Quantum Theory
PubMed: 38928142
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126436 -
Frontiers in Dentistry 2024This study assessed the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) and isopropyl alcohol (IA) on immediate and late pushout bond strength (PBS) of fiber posts to dentin. In this in...
This study assessed the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) and isopropyl alcohol (IA) on immediate and late pushout bond strength (PBS) of fiber posts to dentin. In this in vitro study, 54 single-canal premolars were endodontically treated, and randomly assigned to 3 groups (N=18) for root dentin conditioning with distilled water (control), 2% CHX, and 70% IA after post space preparation. Fiber posts were cemented with TheraCem self-adhesive cement, and each group was subdivided into two subgroups (N=9) for PBS measurement immediately after bonding, and after 5000 thermal cycles (5-55°C). The roots were then sectioned, and their PBS was measured. The mode of failure was evaluated under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). The highest PBS was noted in the IA group (21.12 MPa) after 24 hours and the lowest PBS belonged to the control group after thermocycling (7.48 MPa). The immediate and post-thermocycling PBS were significantly lower in the control group than the CHX group (P<0.05). The PBS in both the control and CHX groups was lower than that in the IA group (P<0.001). Regardless of the type of detergent, a significant reduction in PBS was observed after thermocycling (P<0.003). The PBS significantly decreased from the cervical towards the apical region in all groups (P<0.001). According to the results, application of IA before the self-adhesive cement effectively improved the immediate and late PBS, and was significantly more effective than CHX
PubMed: 38919768
DOI: 10.18502/fid.v21i13.15374 -
Acta Chimica Slovenica Apr 2024A Quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) analysis has been carried out on the chromatography parameters of lipophilicity of selected spirohydantoins....
A Quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) analysis has been carried out on the chromatography parameters of lipophilicity of selected spirohydantoins. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was applied for construct the QSRR models. The chromatographic parameters of lipophilicity were determined by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. Chromatographic analyses were performed on C-18 modified silica gel with a two-component mobile phase consisting of water and protic organic solvent (ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, or t-butanol) in different ratios. QSRR models were built and for additional four aqueous mobile phases: acetone-water, acetonitrile-water, tetrahydrofuran-water, and 1,4-dioxane-water (results published before). In total, chromatographic lipophilicity parameters obtained for two types of organic solvents was subject of the QSRR. The predictive ability of each model was defined by an internal validation coefficient. The best QSRR model for predicting the chromatographic parameter of lipophilicity was obtained for tetrahydrofuran as an organic solvent.
Topics: Chromatography, Thin Layer; Hydantoins; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Spiro Compounds; Solvents; Linear Models; Dioxanes
PubMed: 38919103
DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2023.8602 -
Inorganic Chemistry Jun 2024Lung cancer poses a serious threat to people's lives and health due to its high incidence rate and high mortality rate, making it necessary to effectively conduct early...
Lung cancer poses a serious threat to people's lives and health due to its high incidence rate and high mortality rate, making it necessary to effectively conduct early screening. As an important biomarker for lung cancer, the detection of -propanol gas suffers from a low response value and a high detection limit. In this paper, flower-like Ho-doped ZnO was fabricated by the coprecipitation method for -propanol detection at subppm concentrations. The gas sensor based on the 3% Ho-doped ZnO showed selectivity to -propanol gas. Its response value to 100 ppm -propanol was 341 at 140 °C, and its limit of detection (LOD) was about 25.6 ppb, which is lower than that of -propanol in the breath of a healthy person (150 ppb). The calculation results show that the adsorption of -propanol on a Ho-doped ZnO surface releases more energy than isopropanol, ethanol, formaldehyde, acetone, and ammonia. The enhanced gas-sensing properties of the Ho-doped ZnO material can be attributed to the fact that the Ho-doping distorts the crystal lattice of the ZnO, increases the specific surface area, and generates a large amount of oxygen defects. In addition, the doped Ho partially forms a HoO/ZnO heterojunction in the material and improves the gas-sensing properties. The 3% Ho-doped ZnO material is expected to be a promising candidate for the trace detection of -propanol gas.
PubMed: 38917470
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01408