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Journal of Chromatography. B,... Jul 2024This study delves into the dynamic interplay of volatile compounds, free amino acids, and metabolites, meticulously exploring their transformations during oat...
This study delves into the dynamic interplay of volatile compounds, free amino acids, and metabolites, meticulously exploring their transformations during oat fermentation. Analysis via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) unveiled significant alterations: 72 volatile compounds in unfermented oats (NFO) and 60 in fermented oats (FO), reflecting the profound impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae TU11 and Lactobacillus plantarum Heal19 on oat constituents. A marked increase in Heptane (5.7-fold) and specific alcohol compounds, like 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and Phenylethyl alcohol in FO samples, while reductions in Hexanal, Hexanoic acid, and Acetic acid were observed. Notably, 4 phenolic compounds emerged post-fermentation, revealing diverse microbial actions in flavor modulation. Orthogonal-partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) indicated a clear separation between NFO and FO, demonstrating distinct volatile compound profiles. Further analysis revealed a noteworthy decrease in all free amino acids except for a significant increase in serine during fermentation. Differential metabolite screening identified 354 metabolites with 219 upregulated and 135 down-regulated, uncovering critical markers like isophenoxazine and imidazole lactic acid. Correlation analyses unveiled intricate relationships between volatile compounds and diverse metabolites, illuminating underlying biochemical mechanisms shaping oat flavor profiles during fermentation.
Topics: Avena; Fermentation; Volatile Organic Compounds; Amino Acids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Lactobacillus plantarum; Metabolome; Metabolomics
PubMed: 38815355
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124168 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jul 2024Microplastics and organic micropollutants are two emerging contaminants that interact with each other in environmental and engineered systems. Sorption of organic...
Microplastics and organic micropollutants are two emerging contaminants that interact with each other in environmental and engineered systems. Sorption of organic micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides and industrial compounds, to microplastics can modify their bioavailability and biodegradation. The present study investigated the capacity of ultra-high density polyethylene particles (125 µm in diameter), before and after aging, to sorb 21 organic micropollutants at different environmentally relevant concentration. Furthermore, the biodegradation of these organic micropollutants by a biofilm microbial community growing on the microplastic surface was compared with the biodegradation by a microbial community originating from activated sludge. Among all tested organic micropollutants, propranolol (70%), trimethoprim (25%) and sotalol (15%) were sorbed in the presence of polyethylene particles. Growth of a biofilm on the polyethylene particles had a beneficial effect on the sorption of bromoxynil, caffeine and chloridazon and on the biodegradation of irbesartan, atenolol and benzotriazole. On the other hand, the biofilm limited the sorption of trimethoprim, propranolol, sotalol and benzotriazole and the biodegradation of 2,4-D. These results showed that ultra-high density polyethylene particles can affect both in a positive and negative way for the abiotic and biotic removal of organic micropollutants in wastewater. This project highlights the need for further investigation regarding the interaction between microplastics and organic micropollutants in the aquatic environment.
Topics: Biofilms; Biodegradation, Environmental; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Polyethylene; Microplastics; Adsorption; Propranolol; Trimethoprim; Atenolol; Triazoles; Sewage
PubMed: 38810284
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116510 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2024
Topics: Humans; Timolol; Ophthalmic Solutions; Conjunctival Diseases; Cysts; Treatment Outcome; Male; Adult
PubMed: 38808909
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.2023-0313 -
RSC Advances May 2024In this study, we synthesized mixed ligand complexes of the -[Co(tn)(Rpy)Br]Br type using a novel mechanochemical approach. Characterization involved spectral...
In this study, we synthesized mixed ligand complexes of the -[Co(tn)(Rpy)Br]Br type using a novel mechanochemical approach. Characterization involved spectral measurements and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, confirming the structure of the -[Co(tn)(4-Mepy)Br]Br complex. The single crystal refinement data revealed a monoclinic crystal system with a distorted octahedral geometry. The choice of the sixth ligand influenced the emission and magnetic properties, showing a ferromagnetic character in the Co(iii)-complex environment. We investigated efficient electron transfer to the cobalt(iii) center using TiO nanoparticles under UV-light irradiation. The adsorption characteristics of -[Co(tn)(Rpy)Br]Br in aqueous 2-propanol varied, leading to surface compound formation. Under UV irradiation, the anatase surface exhibited remarkable adsorption capabilities, facilitating efficient electron transfer to the Co(iii) center and resulting in a high photoefficiency for Co(ii) formation. Our study has put forward a model for interfacial electron transfer (IET), taking into account the overlap between the TiO conduction band and the acceptor level of the Co center, as well as the electronic coupling between the donor level of the Ti center and the acceptor level of the Co center. This model sheds light on the accumulation of electrons for reducing the adhered complex ion. The IET process was corroborated by the conversion of 2-propanol into acetone, as verified by H NMR technique. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the role of the Rpy moiety in modifying the structure of the TiO-cobalt(iii)-Rpy compound and propose a mechanism for IET reactions, thus advancing the field.
PubMed: 38808249
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02648a -
BMC Pediatrics May 2024Lip infantile hemangiomas tend to show less volumetric regression and are more susceptible to visible sequelae in the involuted stage. Some of them still require...
BACKGROUND
Lip infantile hemangiomas tend to show less volumetric regression and are more susceptible to visible sequelae in the involuted stage. Some of them still require surgical management after propranolol therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Stepwise, Multi-Incisional, and Single-Stage (SMISS) approach applied to lip reduction for those with involuted lip hemangiomas.
METHODS
A retrospective review was performed to evaluate patients with lip hemangioma who received previous propranolol treatment and underwent the aforementioned procedure. Demographic characteristics, lesion morphology, and medical history were reviewed. The Visual Analog Scale was applied to assess the postoperative appearance. Complications within 12 months postoperatively were recorded.
RESULTS
A total of 18 patients with lip hemangioma were eligible. All patients received oral propranolol therapy before surgery, with treatment duration ranging from 6.0 to 23.0 months. Their age at surgery ranged from 2.5 to 9.0 years. The median Visual Analog Scale scores were 8.0, ranging from 4.0 to 10.0. No severe complications were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
This modified technique based on the SMISS approach has proven reliable and effective in improving the aesthetic outcome for involuted lip infantile hemangiomas. Practical surgical techniques still play an important part in the propranolol era.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Hemangioma; Lip Neoplasms; Propranolol; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Lip; Treatment Outcome; Lipoma
PubMed: 38807073
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04838-4 -
Journal of Chemical Ecology May 2024Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are blood-feeding ectoparasites of cattle. Host-seeking stable flies respond to various cattle host cues, but a potential role of...
Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are blood-feeding ectoparasites of cattle. Host-seeking stable flies respond to various cattle host cues, but a potential role of cattle breath gases [carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH)] and cattle breath volatiles (acetone, isoprene, 2-butanone, 2-propanol, propionic acid, 3-methyl butyric acid, phenol), alone or in combination, on host-seeking behavior of stable flies has not yet been comprehensively investigated. In laboratory and greenhouse experiments, we tested the hypotheses that (1) CO and CH interactively attract stable flies, (2) CO 'gates' attraction of stable flies to CH, and (3) breath volatiles on their own, or in combination with both CO and CH, attract stable flies. In Y-tube olfactometer experiments, the blend of CH (0.5%) and CO (1%) in breathing air ('b-air') attracted significantly more female flies than CH, or CO, in b-air. The flies' responses to CH were contingent upon their prior or concurrent exposure to CO. In two-choice experiments in a large greenhouse compartment, significantly more flies landed on the host-look-alike barrel that disseminated a blend of CO and CH in b-air (CO/CH/b-air) than on the barrel disseminating either b-air or CO. Moreover, significantly more flies landed on the barrel that disseminated synthetic breath volatiles (SBVs) than on the barrel disseminating b-air. The blend of CO/CH/b-air and SBVs elicited more fly landings on barrels than CO/CH/b-air but not than SBVs. SBVs, possibly combined with both CH and CO, could be developed as a lure to enhance trap captures of stable flies in livestock production facilities.
PubMed: 38806939
DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01502-0 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2024Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare dermatological condition which may present with ocular manifestations. We report a case of recurrent cicatricial ectropion (CE)...
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare dermatological condition which may present with ocular manifestations. We report a case of recurrent cicatricial ectropion (CE) with topical beta-blocker use in the rare dermatological condition PRP. The patient underwent release of scar tissue, lateral tarsal strip and full-thickness supraclavicular skin graft for CE following immunosuppression with methotrexate for 3 months. Postoperatively, CE recurred, with skin graft shrinkage and resumption of periocular disease activity, 8 weeks following the introduction of topical timolol. The patient was referred for further immunosuppression and substitution of timolol before consideration for further surgery. PRP has a variety of potential ocular complications. Surgery has a high risk of recurrence and should be performed when the overall disease is quiescent and drugs, which could trigger reactivation, have been discontinued and/or substituted. Skin grafts should be oversized to off-set shrinkage.
Topics: Humans; Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris; Ectropion; Skin Transplantation; Timolol; Male; Recurrence; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Female; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Cicatrix
PubMed: 38806396
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256445 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Jun 2024A method for the syntheses of isolable, active esters is described in which carboxylic acids are treated with triphenylphosphine, iodine, and triethylamine. Active...
A method for the syntheses of isolable, active esters is described in which carboxylic acids are treated with triphenylphosphine, iodine, and triethylamine. Active esters accessible in this way include -hydroxysuccinimide esters, -hydroxyphthalimide esters (-(acyloxy)phthalimides), -acylsaccharins, pentafluorophenol esters, pentachlorophenol esters, -hydroxybenzotriazole esters, and hexafluoro-2-propanol esters. The approach can be similarly applied toward the formation of -acylsaccharins and -acylimidazoles. The method is suitable for the formation of isolable active esters of aromatic and aliphatic activated acids as well as α-amino acid derivatives. These products are widely used reagents in organic synthesis, peptide synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology (e.g., for bioconjugations). The method has broad substrate scope, uses simple and inexpensive reagents, avoids the use of carbodiimides or other coupling agents, and occurs at room temperature. Additionally, the diastereomers of compound Boc-Ala-NHCHPh are demonstrated to be distinguishable by H NMR (in DMSO-), allowing for a straightforward NMR method to establish the degree of racemization of activated esters of Boc-Ala or amide bond formations using Boc-Ala.
PubMed: 38805361
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00272 -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A,... Jul 2024This study presents a method based on acid transesterification and the purification by solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass...
Determination of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in nutritional foods by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on acid hydrolysis and solid-phase extraction.
This study presents a method based on acid transesterification and the purification by solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantifying 3- and 2-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in nutritional foods. The fat was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with petroleum ether and diethyl ether after the sample was hydrolysed with ammonia. Then the extract was purified by a SPE cartridge filled with the aminopropyl sorbents. It was demonstrated that the optimal elution volume for 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and GE greatly depended on the sample matrix and varied from 6 to 12 mL for four different kinds of food matrices. All three analytes in the sample solution could be fully collected in the first 10-12 mL of eluate. By this way, monoacylglycerols commonly present in the samples were fully removed. Therefore, the overestimation of GE quantification was effectively eliminated. The modified analytical procedure was fully validated in a single laboratory and has been recommended as a Chinese Food Safety National Standard. In addition, two derivatisation agents, heptafluorobutyrylimidazole and phenylboronic acid, were proved to be equivalent in method accuracy and precision for the quantification of three analytes.
Topics: Solid Phase Extraction; Esters; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrolysis; Food Contamination; Propanols; Food Analysis; Epoxy Compounds; alpha-Chlorohydrin; Acids
PubMed: 38805241
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2353796 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Phononic crystals (PnCs) emerge as an innovative sensor technology, especially for high-performance sensing applications. This study strives to advance this field by...
Phononic crystals (PnCs) emerge as an innovative sensor technology, especially for high-performance sensing applications. This study strives to advance this field by developing new designs of PnC structures that exhibit stability in the face of construction imperfections and deformations, focusing on the evolution of topological PnCs (TPnCs). These designs could be promising to overcome the problem of instability involved in most of the theoretical PnC sensors when they emerge in experimental verification. In particular, the fabrication process of any design could collide with some fluctuations in controlling the size of each component. Thus, Fano resonance is introduced through a one-dimensional (1D) quasiperiodic TPnC. To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first to observe Fano modes in liquid cavities through 1D PnCs. Various quasiperiodic PnC designs are employed to detect the temperature of alcohols (specifically propanol) across an extensive temperature range (160-240 °C). The effects of many geometrical parameters on the sensor stability, such as material thicknesses, are studied. Numerical findings demonstrated that the designed quasiperiodic topological PnCs based on Fibonacci sequence of the second order proved superior performance. This sensing tool provides sensitivity, quality factor and figure-of-merit values of 104,533.33 Hz/°C, 223.69 and 0.5221 (/°C), respectively, through temperature detection of propanol in the range of 160-240 °C.
PubMed: 38802403
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62268-9