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Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology May 2024Acne vulgaris is a widespread chronic inflammatory dermatological condition. The precise molecular and genetic mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain incompletely...
BACKGROUND
Acne vulgaris is a widespread chronic inflammatory dermatological condition. The precise molecular and genetic mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. This research synthesizes existing databases, targeting a comprehensive exploration of core genetic markers.
METHODS
Gene expression datasets (GSE6475, GSE108110, and GSE53795) were retrieved from the GEO. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package. Enrichment analyses were conducted using GSVA for pathway assessment and clusterProfiler for GO and KEGG analyses. PPI networks and immune cell infiltration were analyzed using the STRING database and ssGSEA, respectively. We investigated the correlation between hub gene biomarkers and immune cell infiltration using Spearman's rank analysis. ROC curve analysis validated the hub genes' diagnostic accuracy. miRNet, TarBase v8.0, and ChEA3 identified miRNA/transcription factor-gene interactions, while DrugBank delineated drug-gene interactions. Experiments utilized HaCaT cells stimulated with Propionibacterium acnes, treated with retinoic acid and methotrexate, and evaluated using RT-qPCR, ELISA, western blot, lentiviral transduction, CCK-8, wound-healing, and transwell assays.
RESULTS
There were 104 genes with consistent differences across the three datasets of paired acne and normal skin. Functional analyses emphasized the significant enrichment of these DEGs in immune-related pathways. PPI network analysis pinpointed hub genes PTPRC, CXCL8, ITGB2, and MMP9 as central players in acne pathogenesis. Elevated levels of specific immune cell infiltration in acne lesions corroborated the inflammatory nature of the disease. ROC curve analysis identified the acne diagnostic potential of four hub genes. Key miRNAs, particularly hsa-mir-124-3p, and central transcription factors like TFEC were noted as significant regulators. In vitro validation using HaCaT cells confirmed the upregulation of hub genes following Propionibacterium acnes exposure, while CXCL8 knockdown reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, and migration. DrugBank insights led to the exploration of retinoic acid and methotrexate, both of which mitigated gene expression upsurge and inflammatory mediator secretion.
CONCLUSION
This comprehensive study elucidated pivotal genes associated with acne pathogenesis, notably PTPRC, CXCL8, ITGB2, and MMP9. The findings underscore potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and the therapeutic potential of agents like retinoic acid and methotrexate. The congruence between bioinformatics and experimental validations suggests promising avenues for personalized acne treatments.
Topics: Humans; Acne Vulgaris; Computational Biology; Genetic Markers; Gene Regulatory Networks; Protein Interaction Maps; Gene Expression Profiling; Precision Medicine; Methotrexate; Tretinoin; MicroRNAs; Propionibacterium acnes; HaCaT Cells; Databases, Genetic
PubMed: 38268224
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16152 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease originating in the sebaceous gland units of the skin follicles. Isotretinoin is presently the primary choice...
INTRODUCTION
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease originating in the sebaceous gland units of the skin follicles. Isotretinoin is presently the primary choice for the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, it could induce several adverse reactions like diarrhea, cheilitis, headache, elevated triglyceride levels and risk of inflammatory bowel disease and depression. Hence, it is imperative to seek an alternative therapy.
METHODS
One hundred five patients were randomly divided into 3 groups, and received a baseline treatment of oral doxycycline for the initial 4 weeks. Group I received isotretinoin oral for 12 weeks; Group P received oral MH-301 treatment for 12 weeks; Group IP received combined treatment with oral probiotics and oral isotretinoin for 12 weeks. The number of skin lesions was recorded at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks during the treatment to compare the efficacy of each intervention, and skin and fecal samples were collected from patients at 12 weeks for high-throughput sequencing to explore the microbiota differences between various groups.
RESULTS
Our results revealed that the combination of MH-301 with isotretinoin significantly reduced the number of skin lesions in patients compared to using MH-301 and isotretinoin alone ( < 0.001). Additionally, skin microbiome High-throughput analysis indicated the restorative effects of MH-301 on skin microbial diversity while also observing a reduction in the main microbiota of skin lesions, and . Meanwhile, gut microbiome High-throughput analysis showed that it could regulate disorders of the intestinal microbiota and increased the abundance of probiotics such as , , and genera.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, MH-301 could be used in combination with isotretinoin for optimal results in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The research conducted provides theoretical and data support for the adjuvant effect of in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
[ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier (ChiCTR2200063499).
PubMed: 38264057
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1340068 -
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome Jan 2024Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the progression and exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fish oil and probiotics are dietary... (Review)
Review
Comparison of the efficacy of fish oil and probiotic supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the progression and exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fish oil and probiotics are dietary supplements that have the potential to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. However, their efficacy remains unclear in T2DM patients.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of fish oil or probiotic supplementation in T2DM patients from the database inception to December 13, 2023. Primary outcome indicators encompassed glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood lipid profile (triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Secondary outcome indicators included inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and adipocytokine (including leptin and adiponectin). The R software was used for statistical analysis, and GraphPad Prism was used for figure rendering.
RESULTS
A total of 60 RCTs involving 3845 T2DM patients were included in the analysis. The results showed that the probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Propionibacterium, etc.) were more effective in reducing HOMA-IR than fish oil (Surca = 0.935). Bifidobacterium demonstrated the highest efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels (Surca = 0.963). Regarding lipid metabolism, fish oil was superior to probiotics in lowering TG and TC levels (Surca values of 0.978 and 0.902, respectively). Furthermore, fish oil outperformed probiotics in reducing TNF-α (Surca = 0.839) and leptin (Surca = 0.712), and increasing adiponectin levels (Surca = 0.742). Node-splitting analysis showed good consistency (P > 0.05 for direct, indirect, and network comparison across various interventions).
CONCLUSIONS
In T2DM patients, fish oil was more effective than probiotics in regulating lipid metabolism. Probiotics outperformed fish oil in regulating glucose metabolism particularly; specifically, Bifidobacterium showed higher efficacy in reducing blood glucose.
PubMed: 38254166
DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01266-3 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Acne vulgaris is a type of chronic skin disorder caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Neutrophil extrinsic traps (NETs) play key role in many types of...
Acne vulgaris is a type of chronic skin disorder caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Neutrophil extrinsic traps (NETs) play key role in many types of inflammatory skin diseases. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) was reported modulate immune responses and neutrophil activity. Here, we explored the potential role of ADSCs and the potential mechanism associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in relieving acne vulgaris. In the P. acnes-infected ear skin model, histological staining was used to evaluate the inflammatory infiltration and NET formation in control, P. acnes, and P. acnes + ADSCs groups. Besides, western blot was used to detect the expression levels of cit-H3, MPO, and Nrf2 in ear tissue. In vitro, the immunofluorescence staining of MPO and cit-H3, and SYTOX green staining were performed to measure the NET formation. CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, and wound healing assay were used to detect the proliferation and migration abilities of keratinocytes. ELISA assay was utilized to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In P. acnes-infected ear skin, ADSC treatment significantly attenuated inflammation and NET formation via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. In vitro, the conditioned medium of ADSCs reduced the formation of P. acne-induced NETs. Besides, ADSCs could inhibit that the NETs efficiently promoted the proliferation, migration, and inflammatory cytokine secretion of keratinocytes. Our study suggested that ADSCs could attenuate P. acne-related inflammation by inhibiting NET formation. This study provides a novel therapeutic perspective of ADSCs in combating acne vulgaris.
Topics: Humans; Extracellular Traps; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Acne Vulgaris; Inflammation; Stem Cells; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 38233540
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51931-w -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The Korean mountains are home to the Korean red pine (). Pine needle oil has been used as a food additive and a traditional herbal medicine; however, any health-related...
The Korean mountains are home to the Korean red pine (). Pine needle oil has been used as a food additive and a traditional herbal medicine; however, any health-related properties of its trunk oil remain unknown. Herein, we assessed antibacterial and antiviral properties of essential oil extracted from the trunk of . Th extracted oil was hydrodistilled using a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested using the microbroth dilution technique against 10 bacterial species (6 g-positive and 4 g-negative) and fungi. The extract exerted strong antimicrobial activity against , , , , and (minimum inhibitory concentration = 10 mL/L). Additionally, it exhibited dose-dependent activity against influenza virus A and feline coronavirus. Furthermore, among 20 identified constituents accounting for 98.7% of the oil contents, the major components included 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol (10.12%), 2-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-2-propanol (9.09%), fenchone (8.14%), -isopropyltoluene (6.35%), and isothymol methyl ether (6.14%). The trunk essential oil showed antibacterial and antiviral activities that depended on its chemical composition and the microbial strains tested herein. The essential oil can be used as an antimicrobial agent and disinfectant.
PubMed: 38231728
DOI: 10.3390/foods12234279 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024In our pursuit of enhancing acne treatment while minimizing side effects, we developed tailored Adapalene microsponges (MS) optimized using a Box-Behnken design 3. The...
In our pursuit of enhancing acne treatment while minimizing side effects, we developed tailored Adapalene microsponges (MS) optimized using a Box-Behnken design 3. The independent variables, Eudragit RS100 percentage in the polymer mixture, organic phase volume, and drug to polymer percentage, were explored. The optimized formulation exhibited remarkable characteristics, with a 98.3% ± 1.6 production yield, 97.3% ± 1.64 entrapment efficiency, and a particle size of 31.8 ± 1.1 µm. Notably, it achieved a 24 h cumulative drug release of 75.1% ± 1.4. To delve deeper into its efficacy, we evaluated the optimized microspongeal-gel in vitro, in vivo, and clinically. It demonstrated impressive retention in the pilosebaceous unit, a target for acne treatment. Comparative studies between our optimized Adapalene microspongeal gel and marketed Adapalene revealed superior performance. In vivo studies on Propionibacterium acnes-infected mice ears showed a remarkable 97% reduction in ear thickness, accompanied by a significant decrease in inflammatory signs and NF-κB levels, as confirmed by histopathological and histochemical examination. Moreover, in preliminary clinical evaluation, it demonstrated outstanding effectiveness in reducing comedonal lesions while causing fewer irritations. This not only indicates its potential for clinical application but also underscores its ability to enhance patient satisfaction, paving the way for future commercialization.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Adapalene; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Polymers; Dermatologic Agents; Treatment Outcome; Gels
PubMed: 38228631
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51392-1 -
ACS Omega Jan 2024Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) holds significant application prospects due to its anticancer, anti-atherosclerosis, lipid-lowering, weight-loss, and growth-promoting...
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) holds significant application prospects due to its anticancer, anti-atherosclerosis, lipid-lowering, weight-loss, and growth-promoting functions. The key to its efficient production lies in optimizing the biocatalytic performance of linoleic acid isomerase (LAI). Here, we constructed a mutant library and screened positive mutants with high linoleate isomerase activity. The proteomics and metabolomics were used to explore the mechanism in the regulation of linoleic acid isomerase activity. High-throughput proteomics revealed 104 differentially expressed proteins unique to positive mutant strains of linoleic acid isomerase of which 57 were upregulated and 47 were downregulated. These differentially expressed proteins were primarily involved in galactose metabolism, the phosphotransferase system, starch metabolism, and sucrose metabolism. Differential metabolic pathways were mainly enriched in amino acid biosynthesis, including glutamate metabolism, the Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway, and the ABC transporter pathway. The upregulated metabolites include dl-valine and Acetyl coA, while the downregulated metabolites include Glutamic acid and Phosphoenolpyruvate. Overall, the activity of linoleic acid isomerase in the mutant strain was increased by the regulation of key proteins involved in galactose metabolism, sucrose metabolism, and the phosphotransferase system. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of high-yield CLA food.
PubMed: 38222669
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08243 -
Translational Animal Science 2024We examined the effects of a blend of , multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and the ruminal bacterial community of...
Effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of , multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and rumen bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period.
We examined the effects of a blend of , multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and the ruminal bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (221 ± 25.6 kg BW; 180 ± 17 d of age) were stratified by body weight () into four pens (10 steers per pen) such that each pen had a similar average BW at the beginning of the experiment. The pens were randomly assigned to receive a corn silage basal diet (CON; = 20) or the basal diet supplemented with 9 g/steer/d of PRO feed additive (PRO; = 20). The PRO additive is a blend of and the fermentation products of , , , , and . The DMI and water consumed were monitored using the GrowSafe intake nodes and custom flow meters, respectively. BWs were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (). Before morning feeding, 10 mL of blood was taken from each steer on days 0-7, and thereafter weekly for analyses of immune cells, plasma glucose, and NEFAs. On day 56, rumen fluid samples (200 mL each) were collected from all the steers for microbiome analysis. Over the 56-d receiving period, the supplemental PRO had no effects on DMI, water intake, or ADG. However, compared to CON, beef steers fed supplemental PRO tended to have greater ADG ( = 0.08) and BW ( = 0.07) during the first 14 d of the study. There was a treatment × day interaction ( ≤ 0.05) for WBC, neutrophils and monocytes over the 56 d such that beef steers fed supplemental PRO had lower blood concentrations on certain days during the first 7 d after weaning, indicating reduced inflammation or stress response. The results of the rumen microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of complex fiber degrading or obligate proton-reducing bacterial genera such as , group, , , and were greater ( ≤ 0.05) in beef steers fed supplemental PRO compared to CON. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of PRO improved the growth performance, reduced stress or inflammatory response during the initial days after weaning, and altered the ruminal bacterial community toward increased relative abundance of bacterial genera associated with improved rumen function.
PubMed: 38221963
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad143 -
Biotechnologia 2023Plants provide an unlimited source of bioactive compounds, possessing tremendous applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In the search for sources of antioxidants...
Plants provide an unlimited source of bioactive compounds, possessing tremendous applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In the search for sources of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents against human pathogens, ethanol extracts of flowers (CJ flower extract) were evaluated. The highest total phenolic (5.65 μg GAE/ml) and flavonoid (0.43 μg QE/ml) contents were observed in the 100 μg/ml CJ flower extract. To assess antioxidant activity, three antioxidant tests were employed: DPPH radical-scavenging, ABTS radical-scavenging, and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assay. The CJ flower extract demonstrated significant ( < 0.05) antioxidant activity, dependent on the percentage of solvent extraction and the specific assays utilized. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained with 100% ethanol extraction and using the hydroxyl radical-scavenging assay (56.63%). Antimicrobial activity was assessed against six human pathogens, including the fungi and five Gram-positive bacteria (, , , , and ), as well as one Gram-negative bacterium ( ). The CJ flower extract inhibited the growth of both fungal and bacterial pathogens. The cytotoxicity of the CJ flower extract was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the highest concentration of the extract (100 μg/ml) did not affect L929 cell viability. Moreover, the CJ flower extract demonstrated the ability to suppress HO-induced toxicity in L929 cells. Overall, the CJ flower extract has potential as an alternative source for exploring new antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, and cytoprotectants that could prove valuable for biomedical applications.
PubMed: 38213478
DOI: 10.5114/bta.2023.132772 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Griseb. is a Balkan endemic species listed in The Red Data Book of Bulgaria with the conservation status "endangered". Successful micropropagation was achieved on MS...
Griseb. is a Balkan endemic species listed in The Red Data Book of Bulgaria with the conservation status "endangered". Successful micropropagation was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L benzyladenine (BA), followed by a subsequent ex vitro adaptation in an experimental field resulting in 92% regenerated plants. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), phenylethanoid glycosides (verbascoside, leucosceptoside A), phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid), iridoids (allobetonicoside and 8-OAc-harpagide), and alkaloids (trigonelline) were identified, characteristic of plants belonging to the genus . High antioxidant and radical scavenging activities were observed in both in situ and ex vitro acclimated plants, correlating with the reported high concentrations of total phenols and flavonoids in these variants. Ex vitro adapted plants also exhibited a well-defined anti-inflammatory potential, demonstrating high inhibitory activity against the complement system. Employing a disk diffusion method, a 100% inhibition effect was achieved compared to positive antibiotic controls against and , with moderate activity against . The induced in vitro and ex vitro model systems can enable the conservation of in nature and offer future opportunities for the targeted biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites, with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
PubMed: 38202340
DOI: 10.3390/plants13010030