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Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Jul 2024Both osteoporosis and tendinopathy are widely prevalent disorders, encountered in diverse medical contexts. Whilst each condition has distinct pathophysiological... (Review)
Review
Both osteoporosis and tendinopathy are widely prevalent disorders, encountered in diverse medical contexts. Whilst each condition has distinct pathophysiological characteristics, they share several risk factors and underlying causes. Notably, oxidative stress emerges as a crucial intersecting factor, playing a pivotal role in the onset and progression of both diseases. This imbalance arises from a dysregulation in generating and neutralising reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to an abnormal oxidative environment. Elevated levels of ROS can induce multiple cellular disruptions, such as cytotoxicity, apoptosis activation and reduced cell function, contributing to tissue deterioration and weakening the structural integrity of bones and tendons. Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow down the oxidation process, including Vitamin C, melatonin, resveratrol, anthocyanins and so on, demonstrating potential in treating these overlapping disorders. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the complex role of oxidative stress within the interlinked pathways of these comorbid conditions. By integrating contemporary research and empirical findings, our objective is to outline new conceptual models and innovative treatment strategies for effectively managing these prevalent diseases. This review underscores the importance of further in-depth research to validate the efficacy of antioxidants and traditional Chinese medicine in treatment plans, as well as to explore targeted interventions focused on oxidative stress as promising areas for future medical advancements.
Topics: Humans; Oxidative Stress; Osteoporosis; Antioxidants; Tendinopathy; Reactive Oxygen Species; Animals
PubMed: 38953556
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18508 -
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular... Jul 2024Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic drug widely used in chemotherapy. Curcumin (CUR) and piperine (PP) show a protective effect on neurodegenerative and...
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic drug widely used in chemotherapy. Curcumin (CUR) and piperine (PP) show a protective effect on neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. This research was designed to measure several biochemical parameters in the brain tissue of CP-applied rats to investigate the impact of combined CUR-PP administration. The study evaluated six groups of eight rats: Group 1 was the control; Groups 2 and 3 were administered 200 or 300 mg/kg CUR-PP via oral gavage; Group 4 received only 200 mg/kg CP on day 1; Groups 5 and 6 received CP + CUR-PP for 7 days. Data from all parameters indicated that CP caused brain damage. Phosphorylated TAU (pTAU), amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42), glutamate (GLU), and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) parameters were the same in Groups 4, 5, and 6. On the other hand, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kβ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the CP + CUR-PP groups were lower than those in the CP group (p < 0.05). However, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) parameters were higher in the CP + CUR-PP groups compared to the CP group (p < 0.05). It is thought that the similarity of Groups 5 and 6 with Group 4 in Aβ1-42, pTAU, GLU, and GABA parameters hinder the determination of treatment protection however, they might have a therapeutic effect if the applied dose or study duration were changed. This study attempted to evaluate the effects of a CUR-PP combination on CP-induced brain damage in rats by measuring biochemical parameters and performing histopathological examinations. Based on the findings, this CUR-PP combination could be considered an alternative medicine option in cases with conditions similar to those evaluated in this study.
Topics: Animals; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Benzodioxoles; Curcumin; Piperidines; Alkaloids; Rats; Cyclophosphamide; Male; Brain Injuries; Rats, Wistar; Brain; Oxidative Stress; Neuroprotective Agents
PubMed: 38953502
DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23760 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2024To evaluate the effect of entrapment of curcumin within liposomal formulation and the sustained release attitude of the formulated liposomal gel on periodontal defects... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of entrapment of curcumin within liposomal formulation and the sustained release attitude of the formulated liposomal gel on periodontal defects in diabetic patients in clinical and biochemical terms.
METHODS
Thirty diabetic patients with periodontitis were randomly assigned to three equal groups and ten healthy participants were assigned as the control group. Group I was subjected to scaling and root planing (SRP) with application of sustained release liposomal curcumin gel. Group II was subjected to scaling and root planning with application of curcumin gel. Group III was subjected to scaling and root planning with application of placebo gel. Group IV (control group), no intervention was done. The following parameters were evaluated before treatment and after 6 and 12 weeks: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).
RESULTS
All study groups showed improvement in clinical and biochemical parameters that are statistically significant. Upon comparing the results of treatment modalities, the highest improvement was achieved in group I followed by group II then group III.
CONCLUSION
Sustained release liposomal curcumin gel enhanced the antioxidant capacity, decreased the inflammatory mediators and showed more improvement in clinical outcome for treatment of periodontitis in diabetic patients.
Topics: Humans; Curcumin; Liposomes; Delayed-Action Preparations; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Dental Scaling; Periodontitis; Root Planing; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Antioxidants; Periodontal Index
PubMed: 38953482
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b5459607 -
Magnesium Research Jun 2024Pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the development of Parkinson disease (PD) are multifaceted and include alpha synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress due to... (Review)
Review
Pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the development of Parkinson disease (PD) are multifaceted and include alpha synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, imbalance of trace elements as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. Alteration in the homeostasis of bivalent cations, such as iron, magnesium and calcium, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Low levels of magnesium have been associated with accelerated dopaminergic cell loss in animal PD models, and magnesium has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect in PD models. Evidence of a low magnesium level in the brain of PD individuals, with a low magnesium level in the diet, increasing the risk of PD, further strengthens the role of magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of PD. The presence of low-level magnesium in brain tissue and high level in CSF and serum support the possibility of dysfunctional magnesium transporters in PD. Indeed, variants in magnesium transport channels, such as TRPM7 and SLC41A1, have been recently detected in PD individuals. Magnesium, being an NMDA antagonist, could also have a therapeutic role in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. There are no clinical studies indicating a neuroprotective role of magnesium in PD, however, the Mediterranean diet and variants of the diet have been associated with a lower risk of PD, which may be due to the magnesium-rich constituents of the diet. Further clinical trials encompassing therapeutic models to optimize channel function, coupled with a high magnesium diet, may pave the way for promising neuroprotective intervention for PD.
Topics: Humans; Magnesium; Parkinson Disease; Neuroprotective Agents; Animals
PubMed: 38953416
DOI: 10.1684/mrh.2024.0523 -
Adipocyte Dec 2024Obesity is associated with a low-grade chronic inflammatory process characterized by higher circulating TNFα levels, thus contributing to insulin resistance. This study...
Obesity is associated with a low-grade chronic inflammatory process characterized by higher circulating TNFα levels, thus contributing to insulin resistance. This study evaluated the effect of silybin, the main bioactive component of silymarin, which has anti-inflammatory properties, on TNFα levels and its impact on glucose uptake in the adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 challenged with two different inflammatory stimuli, TNFα or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Silybin's pre-treatment effect was evaluated in adipocytes pre-incubated with silybin (30 or 80 µM) before challenging with the inflammatory stimuli (TNFα or LPS). For the post-treatment effect, the adipocytes were first challenged with the inflammatory stimuli and then post-treated with silybin. After treatments, TNFα production, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 protein expression were determined. Both inflammatory stimuli increased TNFα secretion, diminished GLUT4 expression, and significantly decreased glucose uptake. Silybin 30 µM only reduced TNFα secretion after the LPS challenge. Silybin 80 µM as post-treatment or pre-treatment decreased TNFα levels, improving glucose uptake. However, glucose uptake enhancement induced by silybin did not depend on GLUT4 protein expression. These results show that silybin importantly reduced TNFα levels and upregulates glucose uptake, independently of GLUT4 protein expression.
Topics: Animals; Silybin; Mice; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Glucose; 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Lipopolysaccharides; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Silymarin
PubMed: 38953241
DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2374062 -
The Journal of Rural Health : Official... Jul 2024To investigate the enduring disparities in adverse COVID-19 events between urban and rural communities in the United States, focusing on the effects of SARS-CoV-2...
PURPOSE
To investigate the enduring disparities in adverse COVID-19 events between urban and rural communities in the United States, focusing on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and therapeutic advances on patient outcomes.
METHODS
Using National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data from 2021 to 2023, this retrospective cohort study examined COVID-19 hospitalization, inpatient death, and other adverse events. Populations were categorized into urban, urban-adjacent rural (UAR), and nonurban-adjacent rural (NAR). Adjustments included demographics, variant-dominant waves, comorbidities, region, and SARS-CoV-2 treatment and vaccination. Statistical methods included Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, multivariable logistic, and Cox regression.
FINDINGS
The study included 3,018,646 patients, with rural residents constituting 506,204. These rural dwellers were older, had more comorbidities, and were less vaccinated than their urban counterparts. Adjusted analyses revealed higher hospitalization odds in UAR and NAR (aOR 1.07 [1.05-1.08] and 1.06 [1.03-1.08]), greater inpatient death hazard (aHR 1.30 [1.26-1.35] UAR and 1.37 [1.30-1.45] NAR), and greater risk of other adverse events compared to urban dwellers. Delta increased, while Omicron decreased, inpatient adverse events relative to pre-Delta, with rural disparities persisting throughout. Treatment effectiveness and vaccination were similarly protective across all cohorts, but dexamethasone post-ventilation was effective only in urban areas. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir better protected rural residents against hospitalization.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite advancements in treatment and vaccinations, disparities in adverse COVID-19 outcomes persist between urban and rural communities. The effectiveness of some therapeutic agents appears to vary based on rurality, suggesting a nuanced relationship between treatment and geographic location while highlighting the need for targeted rural health care strategies.
PubMed: 38953158
DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12857 -
PeerJ 2024The bioaccessibility of tannins as antioxidants in meat is essential to maximise their effectiveness in protecting the product. This property determines the amount of...
The bioaccessibility of tannins as antioxidants in meat is essential to maximise their effectiveness in protecting the product. This property determines the amount of tannins available to interact with meat components, inhibiting lipid and protein oxidation and, consequently, prolonging shelf life and preserving the sensory quality of the product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of condensed tannins (CT) from extract (AME) and their effect on the physico-chemical characteristics of fattened lamb meat. Thirty-six Dorset × Hampshire lambs (3 months old and 20.8 ± 3.3 kg live weight) were used. The lambs were distributed equally ( = 9) into four treatments: T1, T2, T3 and T4, which included a basal diet plus 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% of CT from AME, respectively. At the end of the fattening period, bioaccessibility was evaluated, the animals were slaughtered and a sample of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle was collected to assess colour, lipid oxidation, cooking weight loss and shear force on days 1, 4, 7 and 14 of shelf-life, in samples preserved at -20 °C. In addition, the long chain fatty acid profile was analysed. A completely randomised design was used, and the means were compared with Tukey's test ( < 0.05). The mean lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and hue (H*) values were higher for T3 and T4. The addition of CT did not affect ( > 0.05) redness (a*), cooking weight loss (CWL) or shear force (SF). T4 decreased ( < 0.05) stearic acid and increased cis-9 trans-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Bioaccessibility was higher in the supplemented groups (T1 < T2, T3 and T4). In conclusion, supplementing CT from AME in the diet of lambs did not reduce lipid oxidation, but T3 or T4 improved some aspects of meat colour and CLA deposition.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Proanthocyanidins; Antioxidants; Biological Availability; Red Meat; Meat; Cooking; Plant Extracts; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38952978
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17572 -
PeerJ 2024Desserts with vegetable ingredients are a constantly expanding global market due to the search for alternatives to cow's milk. Fermentation of these matrices by lactic...
BACKGROUND
Desserts with vegetable ingredients are a constantly expanding global market due to the search for alternatives to cow's milk. Fermentation of these matrices by lactic acid bacteria can add greater functionality to the product, improving its nutritional, sensory, and food safety characteristics, as well as creating bioactive components with beneficial effects on health. Concern for health and well-being has aroused interest in byproducts of the industry that have functional properties for the body, such as mature coconut water, a normally discarded residue that is rich in nutrients. This study aimed to develop a probiotic gelatin based on pulp and water from mature coconuts and evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, viability of the LR32 strain in the medium, as well as the texture properties of the product.
METHODS
After collection and cleaning, the physicochemical characterization, mineral analysis, analysis of the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of mature coconut water were carried out, as well as the centesimal composition of its pulp. Afterwards, the gelling was developed with the addition of modified corn starch, gelatin, sucrose, and probiotic culture, being subjected to acidity analysis, texture profile and cell count, on the first day and every 7 days during 21 days of storage, under refrigeration at 5 °C. An analysis of the centesimal composition was also carried out.
RESULTS
The main minerals in coconut water were potassium (1,932.57 mg L), sodium (19.57 mg L), magnesium (85.13 mg L) calcium (279.93 mg L) and phosphorus (11.17 mg L ), while the pulp had potassium (35.96 g kg), sodium (0.97 g kg), magnesium (2.18 g kg), 37 calcium (1.64 g kg), and phosphorus (3.32 g kg). The phenolic content of the water and pulp was 5.72 and 9.77 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 100 g, respectively, and the antioxidant capacity was 1.67 and 0.98 39 g of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) mg, respectively. The coconut pulp had 2.81 g 100 gof protein, 1.11 g 100 g of 40 ash, 53% moisture, and 5.81 g 100 g of carbohydrates. The gelatin produced during the storage period presented firmness parameters ranging from 145.82 to 206.81 grams-force (gf), adhesiveness from 692.85 to 1,028.63 gf sec, cohesiveness from 0.604 to 0.473, elasticity from 0.901 to 0.881, gumminess from 86.27 to 97.87 gf, and chewiness from 77.72 to 91.98 gf. Regarding the viability of the probiotic microorganism, the dessert had 7.49 log CFU g that remained viable during the 21-day storage, reaching 8.51 CFU g. Acidity ranged from 0.15 to 0.64 g of lactic acid 100 g. The centesimal composition of the product showed 4.88 g 100 g of protein, 0.54 g 100 g of ash, 85.21% moisture, and 5.37g 100 g of carbohydrates. The development of the gelatin made it possible to obtain a differentiated product, contributing to diversification in the food sector, providing a viable alternative for maintaining consumer health and reducing costs compared to desserts already available on the market.
Topics: Cocos; Gelatin; Probiotics; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Antioxidants; Fermentation
PubMed: 38952971
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17502 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Myocardial infarction, usually caused by the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, leads to irreversible ischemic cardiomyocyte death within hours followed by impaired... (Review)
Review
Myocardial infarction, usually caused by the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, leads to irreversible ischemic cardiomyocyte death within hours followed by impaired cardiac performance or even heart failure. Current interventional reperfusion strategies for myocardial infarction still face high mortality with the development of heart failure. Nanomaterial-based therapy has made great progress in reducing infarct size and promoting cardiac repair after MI, although most studies are preclinical trials. This review focuses primarily on recent progress (2016-now) in the development of various nanomedicines in the treatment of myocardial infarction. We summarize these applications with the strategy of mechanism including anti-cardiomyocyte death strategy, activation of neovascularization, antioxidants strategy, immunomodulation, anti-cardiac remodeling, and cardiac repair.
Topics: Myocardial Infarction; Humans; Nanomedicine; Animals; Myocytes, Cardiac; Antioxidants; Nanostructures; Neovascularization, Physiologic
PubMed: 38952676
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S467219 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Blood counts and biochemical markers are among the most common tests performed in hospitals and most readily accepted by patients, and are widely regarded as reliable... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Assessing causal associations of blood counts and biochemical indicators with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a Mendelian randomization study and results from national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2018.
BACKGROUND
Blood counts and biochemical markers are among the most common tests performed in hospitals and most readily accepted by patients, and are widely regarded as reliable biomarkers in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess the causal relationship between blood counts, biochemical indicators and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
METHODS
A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the causal relationship between blood counts and biochemical indicators with PAH. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) for blood counts and biochemical indicators were obtained from the UK Biobank (UKBB), while the GWAS for PAH were sourced from the FinnGen Biobank. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary analysis method, supplemented by three sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results. And we conducted an observational study using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018 to verify the relationship.
RESULTS
The MR analysis primarily using the IVW method revealed genetic variants of platelet count (OR=2.51, 95% CI 1.56-4.22, P<0.001), platelet crit(OR=1.87, 95% CI1.17-7.65, P=0.022), direct bilirubin (DBIL)(OR=1.71, 95%CI 1.18-2.47,P=0.004), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)(OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.96, P=0.038), Lipoprotein A (Lp(a))(OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.98, P=0.037) and total bilirubin (TBIL)(OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.96, P=0.038) were significantly associated with PAH. In NHANES, multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between platelet count and volume and the risk of PAH, and a significant negative correlation between total bilirubin and PAH.
CONCLUSION
Our study reveals a causal relationship between blood counts, biochemical indicators and pulmonary arterial hypertension. These findings offer novel insights into the etiology and pathological mechanisms of PAH, and emphasizes the important value of these markers as potential targets for the prevention and treatment of PAH.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Nutrition Surveys; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Adult; Blood Cell Count; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Aged; Bilirubin; Platelet Count
PubMed: 38952391
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1418835