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The Patient Jun 2024
PubMed: 38909128
DOI: 10.1007/s40271-024-00703-9 -
Protein Expression and Purification Jun 2024Lectins are versatile proteins that specifically recognize and interact with sugar moieties expressed on the cell surface. The potential of lectin in drug targeting and...
Lectins are versatile proteins that specifically recognize and interact with sugar moieties expressed on the cell surface. The potential of lectin in drug targeting and delivery has instigated interest to identify natural lectins. Crabs have been identified as a rich source of lectin because the innate immune system is activated on encounter of pathogens and helps in the production of lectin. Although the presence of lectins in crab's hemolymph is well documented, little information about lectin in hepatopancreas, a vital organ for immunity and digestion in crustaceans, is currently available. A calcium dependent lectin (75 kDa) was purified from the hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Oziotelphusa naga by bioadsorption and fetuin linked Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography technique. The isolated hepatopancreas lectin is calcium dependent and maximum agglutination was observed with rabbit erythrocytes. The hemagglutinating activity of the hepatopancreas lectin was effectively inhibited by sugars, such as α-lactose, GlcNAc, trehalose and NeuAc. Compared to sialylated N-glycosylated proteins including transferrin and apo transferrin, sialylated O-glycosylated proteins like fetuin exhibited stronger inhibitory effect. The ability of erythrocytes to bind hepatopancreas lectin has been diminished by desialylation of the potent inhibitor, indicating the significance of sialic acid in lectin-ligand interactions. The purified hepatopancreas lectin showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The findings of this study demonstrate the significance of hepatopancreas lectin as a multifunctional defense protein that inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi.
PubMed: 38908458
DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106536 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Overuse of antimicrobials has greatly contributed to the increase in the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a situation that hinders the control and treatment of...
Overuse of antimicrobials has greatly contributed to the increase in the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a situation that hinders the control and treatment of infectious diseases. This is the case with urinary tract infections (UTIs), which represent a substantial percentage of worldwide public health problems, thus the need to look for alternatives for their control and treatment. Previous studies have shown the usefulness of autologous bacterial lysates as an alternative for the treatment and control of UTIs. However, a limitation is the high cost of producing individual immunogens. At the same time, an important aspect of vaccines is their immunogenic amplitude, which is the reason why they must be constituted of diverse antigenic components. In the case of UTIs, the etiology of the disease is associated with different bacteria, and even , the main causal agent of the disease, is made up of several antigenic variants. In this work, we present results on the study of a bacterial lysate composed of 10 serotypes of and by , , , , , and . The safety of the compound was tested on cells in culture and in an animal model, and its immunogenic capacity by analysing in vitro human and murine macrophages (cell line J774 A1). The results show that the polyvalent lysate did not cause damage to the cells in culture or alterations in the animal model used. The immunostimulatory activity assay showed that it activates the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in human macrophages and TNF-α in murine cells. The obtained results suggest that the polyvalent lysate evaluated can be an alternative for the treatment and control of chronic urinary tract infections, which will reduce the use of antimicrobials.
Topics: Urinary Tract Infections; Animals; Humans; Mice; Escherichia coli; Female; Cell Extracts; Bacterial Lysates
PubMed: 38892345
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116157 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2024This study aims to conduct an in-depth genomic analysis of a carbapenem-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain to uncover the distribution and mechanisms of its resistance...
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to conduct an in-depth genomic analysis of a carbapenem-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain to uncover the distribution and mechanisms of its resistance genes.
METHODS
The research primarily utilized whole-genome sequencing to analyze the genome of the Proteus mirabilis strain. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted to evaluate the strain's sensitivity to various antibiotics, and related case information was collected to analyze the clinical distribution characteristics of the resistant strain.
RESULTS
Study on bacterial strain WF3430 from a tetanus and pneumonia patient reveals resistance to multiple antibiotics due to extensive use. Whole-genome sequencing exposes a 4,045,480 bp chromosome carrying 29 antibiotic resistance genes. Two multidrug-resistant (MDR) gene regions, resembling Tn6577 and Tn6589, were identified (MDR Region 1: 64.83 Kb, MDR Region 2: 85.64 Kbp). These regions, consist of integrative and conjugative elements (ICE) structures, highlight the intricate multidrug resistance in clinical settings.
CONCLUSION
This study found that a CR-PMI strain exhibits a unique mechanism for acquiring antimicrobial resistance genes, such as bla, located on the chromosome instead of plasmids. According to the results, there is increasing complexity in the mechanisms of horizontal transmission of resistance, necessitating a comprehensive understanding and implementation of targeted control measures in both hospital and community settings.
Topics: Proteus mirabilis; beta-Lactamases; Humans; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus Infections; Whole Genome Sequencing; Bacterial Proteins; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Carbapenems
PubMed: 38890647
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03365-7 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024A composite of Zinc oxide loaded with 5-weight % silver decorated on carbon nanotubes (Ag-loaded ZnO: CNT) was synthesized using a simple refluxed chemical method. The...
A composite of Zinc oxide loaded with 5-weight % silver decorated on carbon nanotubes (Ag-loaded ZnO: CNT) was synthesized using a simple refluxed chemical method. The influence of deviation in the weight % of carbon nanotube loading on photocatalytic dye degradation (methylene blue and rose bengal) and antibiotic (antimicrobial and antifungal) performance was investigated in this study. The light capture ability of Ag-loaded ZnO:CNT in the visible region was higher in photocatalytic activity than that of Ag-loaded ZnO and ZnO:CNT. The bandgap of the Ag-loaded ZnO: CNT was tuned owing to the surface plasmon resonance effect. The photocatalytic degradation investigations were optimized by varying the wt% in CNTs, pH of dye solution, concentration of the dye solution, and amount of catalytic dose. Around 100% photocatalytic efficiency in 2 min against MB dye was observed for Ag doped ZnO with 10 wt% CNT composite at pH 9, at a rate constant 1.48 min. Bipolaris sorokiniana fungus was first time tested against a composite material, which demonstrated optimum fungal inhibition efficiency of 48%. They were also tested against the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cerius, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhimurium, which showed promising antibacterial activity compared to commercially available drugs. The composite of Ag doped ZnO with 5 wt% CNT has shown competitive zone inhibition efficacy of 21.66 ± 0.57, 15.66 ± 0.57, 13.66 ± 0.57 against bacterial strains Bacillus cerius, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhimurium which were tested for the first time against Ag-loaded ZnO:CNT.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Silver; Nanotubes, Carbon; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catalysis; Antifungal Agents; Staphylococcus aureus; Methylene Blue; Coloring Agents; Rose Bengal; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella typhimurium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Photolysis; Photochemical Processes
PubMed: 38890495
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64746-6 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Jun 2024Chronic Otitis Media is characterized by distinct bacteriology compared with Acute Otitis Media, with COM being highly likely to harbor multiple bacteria of anaerobic...
Chronic Otitis Media is characterized by distinct bacteriology compared with Acute Otitis Media, with COM being highly likely to harbor multiple bacteria of anaerobic and aerobic types of organisms (Cameron and Hussam K. El-Kashlan, xxx). In some patients, chronic infection with otorrhea will persist despite aggressive medical therapy. With the large number of cases of COM which presents to Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, and a majority being resistant to the common medications, we decided to undertake this study to have a better understanding of the bacterial epidemiology, the resistance, and what antibiotic to use in such cases. To determine the prevalence of different bacteriological agents and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients of Chronic Otitis Media-Active Mucosal Disease presenting to ENT OPD at Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Mangolpuri, Delhi. An observational cross-sectional study of 200 patients. After an initial examination, two sterile cotton swab sticks were introduced to collect pus samples from the medial part of the external auditory canal. The swabs were sent to the microbiology lab for Gram Staining, Culture, and Biochemical Tests, for identification of the different bacteriological agents and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Most common organism seen was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by , mixed bacterial growth, and Candida spp. If regular monitoring of bacteriological profile is done in each hospital, this will help us to choose the antibiotics in a better manner and hence prevent the appearance of newer resistant strains.
PubMed: 38883512
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04573-3 -
Heliyon Jun 2024The accurate estimation of the postmortem interval has been one of the crucial issues to be solved in forensic research, and it is influenced by various factors in the...
The accurate estimation of the postmortem interval has been one of the crucial issues to be solved in forensic research, and it is influenced by various factors in the process of decay. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, forensic microbiology has become the major hot topic in forensic science, which provides new research options for postmortem interval estimation. The oral microbial community is one of the most diverse of microbiomes, ranking as the second most abundant microbiota following the gastrointestinal tract. It is remarkable that oral microorganisms have a significant function in the decay process of cadavers. Therefore, we collected outdoor soil to simulate the death environment and focused on the relationship between oral microbial community succession and PMI in rats above the soil. In addition, linear regression models and random forest regression models were developed for the relationship between the relative abundance of oral microbes and PMI. We also identified a number of microorganisms that may be important to estimate PMI, including: , , , , , , , , , , , and so on.
PubMed: 38882314
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31897 -
Annales D'endocrinologie Jun 2024Lipomatoses are benign proliferation of adipose tissue. Lipomas (benign fat tumors) are the most common component of lipomatosis. They may be unique or multiple,... (Review)
Review
Lipomatoses are benign proliferation of adipose tissue. Lipomas (benign fat tumors) are the most common component of lipomatosis. They may be unique or multiple, encapsulated or not, subcutaneous or sometimes visceral. In some cases, they form large areas of non-encapsulated fat hypertrophy, with a variable degree of fibrosis. They can develop despite the absence of obesity. They may be familial or acquired. At difference with lipodystrophy syndromes, they are not associated with lipoatrophy areas, except in some rare cases such as type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy syndromes (FPLD2). Their metabolic impact is variable in part depending on associated obesity. They may have functional or aesthetic consequences. Lipomatosis may be isolated, be part of a syndrome, or may be visceral. Isolated lipomatoses include multiple symmetrical lipomatosis (Madelung disease or Launois-Bensaude syndrome), familial multiple lipomatosis, the painful Dercum's disease also called Adiposis Dolorosa or Ander syndrome, mesosomatic lipomatosis also called Roch-Leri lipomatosis, familial angiolipomatosis, lipedema and hibernomas. Syndromic lipomatoses include PIK3CA-related disorders, Cowden/PTEN hamartomas-tumor syndrome, some lipodystrophy syndromes, and mitochondrial diseases, especially MERRF, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, neurofibromatosis type 1, Wilson disease, Pai or Haberland syndromes. Finally, visceral lipomatoses have been reported in numerous organs and sites: pancreatic, adrenal, abdominal, epidural, mediastinal, epicardial… The aim of this review is to present the main types of lipomatosis and their physiopathological component, when it is known.
Topics: Humans; Lipomatosis; Lipoma; Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetrical; Lipodystrophy; Adipose Tissue; Adiposis Dolorosa
PubMed: 38871514
DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.003 -
Current Computer-aided Drug Design Jun 2024Marine sediment bacteria have been generating considerable attention lately due to their potential as valuable reservoirs of novel antimicrobial agents.
The Antibacterial Efficacy of a Compound Extracted from Marine Sediment Bacterium Enterococcus Lactis (S-2): A Comparative Analysis Through In-Vitro and In-Silico Assessments.
BACKGROUND
Marine sediment bacteria have been generating considerable attention lately due to their potential as valuable reservoirs of novel antimicrobial agents.
AIM
In vitro and in silico antibacterial activities of antibacterial compounds isolated from the marine sediment bacterium Enterococcus Lactis (S-2).
METHODS
Coastal sediment samples were collected from Rameswaram, Ramnathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. Bacteria were isolated using the crowded plate method, and their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics were studied. Purified bacteria were cultured in large volumes, secondary metabolites were extracted, and novel antibacterial agents were isolated from the aqueous extract. Novel compound antibacterial activity was studied through in-silico and invitro. The mechanism activity of antibacterial activity was confirmed by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope.
RESULTS
Genotypic analysis confirmed that the isolated S-2 bacteria were Enterococcus lactis, and the aqueous extract showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (17 mm zone of inhibition) and Proteus mirabilis (12 mm zone of inhibition). A bioactive molecule, 13- hydroxy-9-(1-hydroxyethyl)-11-methoxy-2,4dioxapentacyclo[10.7.1.0³,⁴.0⁵,²¹.0¹³,¹⁶]icosa- 1(20),5,7,12,14(19), 16-hexane-18-one, was isolated from aqueous extracts of the S-2 bacterium. Chromatography and spectroscopic analysis confirmed the identity of the isolated compound. Novel compound potential antibacterial activity showing against S. aureus (18 mm zone of inhibition) and MIC 250 μg/mL, which was confirmed by tetrazolium staining. The antibacterial activity mechanism was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Molecular docking studies show good binding (-9.9 kcal/mol) of the compound with 3U2D, while molecular dynamic simulation studies confirm the conformationally stable structure of the complex between 3U2D and 13-hydroxy-9-(1-hydroxyethyl)-11-methoxy-2,4-dioxapentacyclo [10.7.1.0³,⁴.0⁵,²¹.0¹³,¹⁶]icosa-1(20),5,7,12,14(19), 16-hexane-18-one. It has been observed from the docking study of 3U2D with standard drug ciprofloxacin that the lower affinity is compared to the test ligand, which has a docking score of 7.3 kcal/mol. Out of interacting residues of protein 3U2D residue, Thr173 and Ile86 formed conventional hydrogen bonds.
CONCLUSION
Marine bacterium E. lactis produces a novel antibacterial compound (13-hydroxy- 9-(1-hydroxyethyl)-11-methoxy-2,4-dioxapentacyclo[10.7.1.0³,⁴.0⁵,²¹.0¹³,¹⁶]icosa- 1(20),5,7,12,14(19),16-hexane-18-one), which shows antibacterial activity against clinical S. aureus, confirmed by in vitro and in silico analysis. This molecule can used as a lead molecule for antibacterial activity.
PubMed: 38867524
DOI: 10.2174/0115734099305519240531053135 -
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C,... Jun 2024is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat hypertension, diarrhea and urinary disorders. Silica gel chromatographic separation of CHCl/MeOH (1:1) roots extract of...
is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat hypertension, diarrhea and urinary disorders. Silica gel chromatographic separation of CHCl/MeOH (1:1) roots extract of afforded seven compounds namely; β-sitosterol (), stigmasterol (), 6a, 12a-dehydro-deguelin (), tephrosin (), maackiain (), obovatin () and 6-oxo, 6a, 12a-dehydro-deguelin (). GC-MS analysis of essential oils from the root of displayed a total of 17 compounds of which cis-nerolidol (41.7 %) and cadinol (19.7 %) were the major constituents. CHCl/MeOH (1:1) extract, MeOH extract, maackiain () and obovatin () showed moderate inhibitory activity against with MIC value of 0.5, 0.66, 0.83 and 0.83 mg/mL, respectively, compared to ciprofloxacin (MIC of 0.078 μg/mL). 6a, 12a-dihydro-deguelin (), and 6-oxo, 6a, 12a-dehydro-deguelin () displayed significant activity against with MIC values of 0.66 mg/mL. Tephrosin () and maackiain () also showed moderate antibacterial activity against and with MIC values of 0.83 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively, compared to ciprofloxacin (0.312 μg/mL). The radical scavenging activity results indicated that tephrosin (), obovatin () and 6-oxo, 6a, 12a-dehydro-deguelin () showed potent DPPH scavenging activity with IC values of 10.97, 10.43 and 10.73 μg/mL, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid (IC of 5.83 μg/mL). The docking prediction results revealed that 6a, 12a-dehydro-deguelin () displayed the best binding energy of -8.1 kcal/mol towards pyruvate kinase of (PDB ID: 3T07) and -7.9 kcal/mol towards urease (PDB ID: 1E9Y) and DNA gyrase B of (PDB: 4F86) receptors compared to ciprofloxacin (-7.2 to -8.0 kcal/mol). Maackiain () and obovatin () displayed the minimum binding energy of -7.9 and -8.2 kcal/mol towards the LasR protein of (PDB: ID 2UV) and FtsZ (PDB: ID 4M8I), respectively. The SwissADME drug-likeness and Pro Tox II toxicity prediction results indicated that compounds (-) obeyed Lipinski's rule of five with 0 violations and none of them were found to be hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic, respectively. The assessment results supported by the in silico analysis revealed that crude extracts and isolated compounds showed promising antibacterial and antioxidant activity, which proves the therapeutic potential of the roots of .
PubMed: 38865441
DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0044