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Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Jun 2024Fat content is an important trait in pig production. Adipose tissue and muscle are important sites for fat deposition and affect production efficiency and quality. To...
Fat content is an important trait in pig production. Adipose tissue and muscle are important sites for fat deposition and affect production efficiency and quality. To regulate the fat content in these tissues, we need to understand the mechanisms behind fat deposition. Laiwu pigs, a Chinese indigenous breed, have significantly higher fat content in both adipose tissue and muscle than commercial breeds such as Duroc. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomes in adipose tissue and muscle of 21-d-old Laiwu and Duroc piglets. Results showed that there were 828 and 671 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), respectively. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEG were enriched in metabolic pathways, especially carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Additionally, in the longissimus muscle (LM) and psoas muscle (PM), 312 and 335 DEG were identified, demonstrating enrichment in the cell cycle and metabolic pathways. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of these DEG were analyzed and potential hub genes were identified, such as and in adipose tissues and and in muscles. Meanwhile, results showed that there were common DEG between adipose tissue and muscle, such as , , and . These findings showed that there are significant differences in the transcriptomes of the adipose tissue and muscle between Laiwu and Duroc piglets ( < 0.05), especially in metabolic patterns. This insight serves to advance our comprehensive understanding of metabolic regulation in these tissues and provide targets for fat content regulation.
PubMed: 38766520
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.012 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... May 2024Sarcopenia is a progressively diminishing state characterized by the reduction of muscle mass and density, which is frequently observed in malignancies of solid organs.
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenia is a progressively diminishing state characterized by the reduction of muscle mass and density, which is frequently observed in malignancies of solid organs.
AIM
To assess how sarcopenia affects the overall survival of individuals who have been diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer.
METHODS
The study retrospectively included individuals who had been diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer between January 2008 and December 2020. Sarcopenia was identified through the calculation of the average Hounsfield units (HUAC) using computed tomography (CT) images taken at the time of diagnosis in patients.
RESULTS
A total of 118 patients with metastatic gastric cancer were evaluated. Sarcopenia was detected in 29 patients (24.6%). The median survival of all patients was 8 (1-43) mo. The median survival of patients with sarcopenia was 2 mo, while it was 10 mo for those without sarcopenia ( < 0.001). A significant relationship was found between sarcopenia and survival.
CONCLUSION
Sarcopenia has been observed to impact survival outcomes in various types of solid tumor cancers. Sarcopenic patients can be identified in a short time, easily and inexpensively, by HUAC measurements from CT images used for diagnosis, and survival could be promoted with nutritional support.
PubMed: 38764843
DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1861 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Apr 2024Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is a common disorder in people of active ages and significantly affects their quality of life. Different structures in the...
BACKGROUND
Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is a common disorder in people of active ages and significantly affects their quality of life. Different structures in the lumbar area can cause LBP. The lumbar muscle disorders, including the psoas major (PM) muscles, have an essential role in LBP. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been introduced as a safe and useful instrument for investigating the morphological properties of skeletal muscle. In general, PM morphology changes may be one reason for the pain and disability experienced in CNLBP patients. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relationship among the PM's Cross-sectional area (CSA), medial-lateral (ML), and anterior-posterior (AP) diameters, with disability index and pain score in patients with CNLBP.
METHOD
One hundred twenty patients with CNLBP (60 men and 60 women) participated in this cross-sectional study. Axial MRIs were obtained from L3/L4 and L4/L5 disc levels. Then, patients filled out Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaires, demographic data forms, and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Image J software was used to analyze the images. Using Linear Regression and the Pearson test, the correlation between muscle CSA and diameters, as well as data obtained from questionnaires and NPRS, was analyzed.
RESULTS
Results from the statistical analysis showed no statistically significant relationship among morphological characteristics of the psoas major muscle in L3/L4 and L4/L5 disc levels with disability index and pain score (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
There is no significant relationship between the PM morphological characteristics and disability index and pain score. Therefore, muscle CSA and diameters are insufficient to determine the cause of CNLBP.
Topics: Humans; Low Back Pain; Female; Male; Psoas Muscles; Cross-Sectional Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Adult; Middle Aged; Disability Evaluation; Pain Measurement; Chronic Pain
PubMed: 38763592
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.11.065 -
Folia Morphologica May 2024While many structures within the human body demonstrate anatomical variations, this is not typically the case for the iliopsoas muscle complex. However, the present...
BACKGROUND
While many structures within the human body demonstrate anatomical variations, this is not typically the case for the iliopsoas muscle complex. However, the present paper describes a case of an anomalous psoas major composed of four different muscular heads in a 78-year-old male cadaver.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During a routine dissection of the right posterior abdominal wall, an unusual psoas major was observed, measured and photographed.
RESULTS
The psoas major was found to possess four muscular heads, otherwise the anatomy of the wall was normal.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of so many heads could interfere with the functions of the psoas major muscle. Therefore this anatomical variation merits further study.
PubMed: 38757502
DOI: 10.5603/fm.98920 -
JAMA Cardiology May 2024Osteosarcopenia is an emerging geriatric syndrome characterized by age-related deterioration in muscle and bone. Despite the established relevance of frailty and...
IMPORTANCE
Osteosarcopenia is an emerging geriatric syndrome characterized by age-related deterioration in muscle and bone. Despite the established relevance of frailty and sarcopenia among older adults undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), osteosarcopenia has yet to be investigated in this setting.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between osteosarcopenia and adverse outcomes following TAVR.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This is a post hoc analysis of the Frailty in Aortic Valve Replacement (FRAILTY-AVR) prospective multicenter cohort study and McGill extension that enrolled patients aged 70 years or older undergoing TAVR from 2012 through 2022. FRAILTY-AVR was conducted at 14 centers in Canada, the United States, and France between 2012 and 2016, and patients at the McGill University-affiliated center in Montreal, Québec, Canada, were enrolled on an ongoing basis up to 2022.
EXPOSURE
Osteosarcopenia as measured on computed tomography (CT) scans prior to TAVR.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Clinically indicated CT scans acquired prior to TAVR were analyzed to quantify psoas muscle area (PMA) and vertebral bone density (VBD). Osteosarcopenia was defined as a combination of low PMA and low VBD according to published cutoffs. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality, hospital length of stay, disposition, and worsening disability. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders.
RESULTS
Of the 605 patients (271 [45%] female) in this study, 437 (72%) were octogenarian; the mean (SD) age was 82.6 (6.2) years. Mean (SD) PMA was 22.1 (4.5) cm2 in men and 15.4 (3.5) cm2 in women. Mean (SD) VBD was 104.8 (35.5) Hounsfield units (HU) in men and 98.8 (34.1) HU in women. Ninety-one patients (15%) met the criteria for osteosarcopenia and had higher rates of frailty, fractures, and malnutrition at baseline. One-year mortality was highest in patients with osteosarcopenia (29 patients [32%]) followed by those with low PMA alone (18 patients [14%]), low VBD alone (16 patients [11%]), and normal bone and muscle status (21 patients [9%]) (P < .001). Osteosarcopenia, but not low VBD or PMA alone, was independently associated with 1-year mortality (odds ratio [OR], 3.18; 95% CI, 1.54-6.57) and 1-year worsening disability (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.19-3.74). The association persisted in sensitivity analyses adjusting for the Essential Frailty Toolset, Clinical Frailty Scale, and geriatric conditions such as malnutrition and disability.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The findings suggest that osteosarcopenia detected using clinical CT scans could be used to identify frail patients with a 3-fold increase in 1-year mortality following TAVR. This opportunistic method for osteosarcopenia assessment could be used to improve risk prediction, support decision-making, and trigger rehabilitation interventions in older adults.
PubMed: 38748410
DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2024.0911 -
Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) May 2024Low computed tomography (CT)-determined muscle mass, commonly determined with height-adjusted muscle indexes (MIs), predicts worse survival in several cancers and has... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Low computed tomography (CT)-determined muscle mass, commonly determined with height-adjusted muscle indexes (MIs), predicts worse survival in several cancers and has been suggested as a prognostic assessment tool. Although several MIs measured at the level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3) are commonly used, it remains unestablished how different L3-determined MIs perform in survival prognostication compared to each other. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of different MIs for survival prognostication in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
METHODS
We retrospectively enrolled 214 consecutive patients with RCC. We determined three L3-MIs (psoas muscle index (PMI), psoas muscle index and erector spinae index (PMI+ESI), and whole skeletal muscle index (SMI)) from preoperative CT scans. Categorization of those with low and normal muscle mass was based on the Youden Index sex-specific MI cut-offs. We determined sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy metrics for predicting 1-year, 5-year, and overall survival (OS) using Cox regression models.
RESULTS
Low PMI, PMI+ESI, and SMI significantly predicted decreased 1-year, 5-year, and OS in uni- and multivariate models. PMI+ESI and SMI were more accurate than PMI in males, and PMI and PMI+ESI were more accurate than SMI in females in the prediction of 1-year survival. However, there were no differences in accuracies between MIs in 5-year and OS prediction.
INTERPRETATION
PMI+ESI performed well overall in short-term prognostication, but there were no differences between the MIs in long-term prognostication. We recommend the use of PMI+ESI for muscle evaluation, particularly when SMI cannot be evaluated.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Middle Aged; Lumbar Vertebrae; Kidney Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Psoas Muscles; Muscle, Skeletal; Adult; Sarcopenia; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38745483
DOI: 10.2340/1651-226X.2024.27450 -
Computer Methods in Biomechanics and... May 2024Femoral stem fractures (FST) are often accompanied by muscle injuries, however, what muscle injuries affect fracture healing and to what extent is unknown. The purpose...
Femoral stem fractures (FST) are often accompanied by muscle injuries, however, what muscle injuries affect fracture healing and to what extent is unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent to which different muscles affect FST healing through a combined musculoskeletal dynamics and finite element approach. Modeling the lower extremity musculoskeletal system for 12 different muscle comprehensives. Muscle and joint reaction forces on the femur were calculated and these data were used as boundary conditions input to the FSTs model to predict the degree of muscle influence on fracture healing. Finally, we will investigate the extent to which muscle influences FST healing during knee flexion. Muscle and joint forces are highly dependent on joint motion and have a significant biomechanical influence on interfragmentary strain (IFS) healing. The psoas major (PM), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscles play a major role in standing, with GM > PM > GL, whereas the gluteus medius posterior (GMP), vastus intermedius (VI), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis superior (VLS), and adductor magnus distalis (AMD) muscles play a major role in knee flexion, with VLS > VM > VI > AMD > GMP. Mechanical stimulus-controlled healing can be facilitated when the knee joint is flexed less than 20°. Different muscles exert varying degrees of influence on the healing of fractures. Therefore, comprehending the impact of particular muscles on fracture site tissue FST healing can aid orthopedic surgeons in formulating improved surgical and rehabilitation strategies.
PubMed: 38743559
DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2353646 -
Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) May 2024Bilateral femoral neuropathy is rare, especially that caused by bilateral compressive iliopsoas, psoas, or iliacus muscle hematomas. We present a case of bilateral...
Bilateral femoral neuropathy is rare, especially that caused by bilateral compressive iliopsoas, psoas, or iliacus muscle hematomas. We present a case of bilateral femoral neuropathy due to spontaneous psoas hematomas developed during COVID-19 critical illness. A 41-year-old patient developed COVID-19 pneumonia, and his condition deteriorated rapidly. A decrease in the hemoglobin level prompted imaging studies during his intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Bilateral psoas hematomas were identified as the source of bleeding. Thereafter, the patient complained of weakness in both upper and lower limbs and numbness in the lower limb. He was considered to have critical illness neuropathy and was referred to rehabilitation. Electrodiagnostic testing suggested bilateral femoral neuropathy because of compression due to hematomas developed during the course of his ICU stay. The consequences of iliopsoas hematomas occurring in the critically ill can be catastrophic, ranging from hemorrhagic shock to severe weakness, highlighting the importance of recognizing this entity.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Hematoma; Male; Adult; Femoral Neuropathy; SARS-CoV-2; Psoas Muscles; Critical Illness; Pneumonia, Viral; Coronavirus Infections; Pandemics; Betacoronavirus
PubMed: 38740405
DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2024.2.20230072 -
Nutrients May 2024The SYNERGIE study documented the effects on cardiometabolic risk (CMR) indices of a 1-year lifestyle intervention targeting physical activity (PA) and diet followed by...
The SYNERGIE study documented the effects on cardiometabolic risk (CMR) indices of a 1-year lifestyle intervention targeting physical activity (PA) and diet followed by a 2-year maintenance period in men with visceral obesity. Improvements in CMR markers and a decrease in low-attenuation muscle (LAM) area were observed after 1 year. Despite a rebound in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) during the maintenance period, insulin resistance (IR) improved. We tested the hypothesis that variations in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and LAM could explain the long-term improvement in IR. A health ( = 88; mean age 49.0 ± 8.2 years) and fitness ( = 72) evaluation was performed at 0, 1, and 3 years. Participants were classified into two groups based on their CRF response over the maintenance period (worsening: CRF- vs. maintenance/improvement: CRF+). During the maintenance period, changes in the psoas and core LAM areas correlated with changes in IR ( = 0.27; < 0.05 and = 0.34; < 0.005) and changes in CRF ( = -0.31; < 0.01 and = -0.30; < 0.05). IR improved in the CRF+ group ( < 0.05) but remained stable in the CRF- group. Men in the CRF+ group regained half of the changes in VAT volume and LAM at the psoas and mid-thigh compared to the CRF- group ( < 0.05). These results support the importance of targeting VAT and CRF/PA for the long-term management of CMR in men with visceral obesity.
Topics: Humans; Male; Obesity, Abdominal; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Insulin Resistance; Middle Aged; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Adult; Exercise; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
PubMed: 38732623
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091377 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) May 2024Cadaveric study; To describe the characteristics of the nerve and its relationship with the lumbar intervertebral disc and psoas major muscle. Nerve injury is an...
Cadaveric study; To describe the characteristics of the nerve and its relationship with the lumbar intervertebral disc and psoas major muscle. Nerve injury is an understudied complication of extreme lateral interbody fusion. A detailed description of the nerve anatomy would be helpful for surgeons to minimize the risk of this complication. The lumbar plexus and lumbar sympathetic nerve of 10 embalmed male cadavers were dissected, and the distribution, number, and spatial orientation of the nerves on the L1/2 to L4/5 intervertebral discs were examined. Metal wires were applied along nerve paths through the psoas major muscle. The position of the nerves was examined on CT. In zone III at L1/2 and L4/5, no nerves were found. In zone II and zone III at L2/3, no lumbar plexus was found, and only the ramus communicans passed through. At the L1-L5 level, the density of nerves in the posterior half of the psoas major muscle was greater than that in the anterior half. The lumbar plexus was found in all of zone IV. The genitofemoral nerve emerges superficially and anteriorly from the medial border of the psoas major at the L3-4 level, but at the L1/2 level, the sympathetic trunk is located in zone II. The remaining disc-level sympathetic trunks appear in zone I. No nerves were found in zone III of the L1/2 or L4/5 disc. In zones II and III of L2/3, the lumbar plexus appears safe. The genitofemoral nerve travels through zones II and III of L3/4. The distribution density of nerves in the posterior half of the psoas major muscle was greater than that in the anterior half of that muscle at the L1-L5 level.
PubMed: 38725353
DOI: 10.1002/ca.24177