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The Journal of Asthma : Official... Jun 2024Female hormones and obesity have an impact on women with asthma. We aimed to describe how these components affect asthma inflammatory processes.
INTRODUCTION
Female hormones and obesity have an impact on women with asthma. We aimed to describe how these components affect asthma inflammatory processes.
METHODS
Sex hormones [FSH, LH, estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), testosterone and Δ4 androstenedione (A4)] and serum IL1β, IL13, IL17a, IL-5, IL6, TNF-a were measured from 11 to18 pre- and postmenopausal women with asthma.
RESULTS
Premenopausal normal weight women revealed higher levels of IL5 and IL17a than obese women on both days of the menstrual cycle (IL5: D1: 6.4 vs 1.4 pg/ml, = .036 and D14: 3 vs 1.4 pg/ml, = .045 and IL17a: D1: 13.7 pg/ml vs 10.6 pg/ml and D14: 12.4 pg/ml vs 10.6 pg/ml, = .009, respectively). In premenopausal women on D1, Δ4 Androstenedione was positively correlated with IL1β ( = .016, = 0.733), whereas on D14, Estradiol with IL1β ( = .009, = -.768) and TNF-a with Testosterone ( = .004, = -0.816), and Δ4 Androstenedione ( = .002, = -0.841) negatively. In postmenopausal women, TNF-a was negatively associated with FSH ( = .004, = -0.638), but positively with Testosterone ( = .025, = 0.526) and IL10 also positively with Estradiol ( = .007, = 0.610).
CONCLUSION
Obesity shows a protective role in asthma through the suppression of IL5 and IL17. Estrogens seem to inhibit Th1 and Th2 inflammation, while androgens have a dual role with negative and positive correlations with neutrophilic biomarkers.
PubMed: 38900498
DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2362859 -
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology :... Jun 2024Atopic dermatitis (AD) is frequently associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). Dupilumab is an effective treatment for pediatric AD, although the effect on...
BACKGROUND
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is frequently associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). Dupilumab is an effective treatment for pediatric AD, although the effect on atopic comorbidities in pediatric AD patients is limited.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence of asthma and AR in pediatric AD patients starting dupilumab treatment and to evaluate the effect of dupilumab on these comorbidities.
METHODS
This study included pediatric AD patients (aged 3-17 years) treated with dupilumab between 2019 and 2023. Patients were screened at baseline by a pulmonologist for the presence of asthma and AR. Screening included evaluation of medical history and current symptoms, spirometry (including Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV)), Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO), and measurement of aeroallergen-specific IgE levels. In patients diagnosed with comorbid asthma and/or AR, measurements were repeated at weeks 16 and 52. Spirometry measurements, FeNO, and aeroallergen-specific IgE levels during treatment were analyzed using a covariance pattern model.
RESULTS
Eighty-four patients were included. Asthma was diagnosed in 50 patients (59.5%) and AR in 72 patients (85.7%). Baseline FeNO levels were elevated in both patients with (29.0 ppb (95% CI 22.0-54.0)) and without asthma (26.0 ppb (95% CI 22.0-30.0)). During treatment, FeNO levels decreased (p < .001) and FEV scores increased (p < .001) in patients with asthma. In patients with asthma and/or AR, all aeroallergen-specific IgE levels decreased between 61.3% and 89.1% at 52 weeks of treatment.
CONCLUSION
One year of dupilumab treatment, primarily indicated for AD, resulted in a significant improvement in comorbid asthma and a profound decrease in aeroallergen-specific IgE levels in patients with asthma and/or AR.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Child; Asthma; Female; Male; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Immunoglobulin E; Allergens; Registries; Rhinitis, Allergic; Prevalence; Spirometry; Treatment Outcome; Comorbidity; Nitric Oxide
PubMed: 38899688
DOI: 10.1111/pai.14178 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2024Asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the airways and bronchoconstriction, has demonstrated a potential association with... (Review)
Review
Asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the airways and bronchoconstriction, has demonstrated a potential association with hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD). Numerous studies have highlighted a higher prevalence of asthma among thalassemia patients compared to the general population, with rates ranging around 30%. Similarly, asthma frequently coexists with SCD, affecting approximately 20-48% of patients. Children with SCD often experience heightened lower airway obstruction and airway hyper-reactivity. Notably, the presence of asthma in SCD exacerbates respiratory symptoms and increases the risk of severe complications like acute chest syndrome, stroke, vaso-occlusive episodes, and early mortality. Several studies have noted a decrease in various cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-10, along with higher levels of both IL-6 and IL-8, suggesting an overactivation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms in patients with hemoglobinopathies, which could trigger inflammatory conditions such as asthma. The exact mechanisms driving this association are better elucidated but may involve factors such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation associated with thalassemia-related complications like chronic hemolytic anemia and iron overload. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the relationship between asthma and hemoglobinopathies, with a focus on thalassemia and SCD. It emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among pulmonologists, hematologists, and other healthcare professionals to effectively manage this complex interplay. Understanding this link is crucial for improving care and outcomes in affected individuals.
PubMed: 38892971
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113263 -
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory... 2024People with (a cough lasting more than 8 weeks) are often referred to different specialists and undergo numerous diagnostic tests, but clear guidance is lacking. This... (Review)
Review
People with (a cough lasting more than 8 weeks) are often referred to different specialists and undergo numerous diagnostic tests, but clear guidance is lacking. This work summarizes a consensus (an agreement) among medical specialists who are involved in managing people with : physicians (family doctors), pulmonologists (doctors who specialize in lung conditions), allergists (medical professionals specializing in allergies) and ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists. They discussed how to perform a basic assessment of people with in (day-to-day healthcare given by a general practitioner or family doctor) and how to refer them to different specialists based on clinical findings or test results.
Topics: Humans; Primary Health Care; Cough; Chronic Disease; Referral and Consultation; Consensus; Specialization; Predictive Value of Tests; Chronic Cough
PubMed: 38888181
DOI: 10.1177/17534666241257166 -
Pediatric Pulmonology Jun 2024Studies have shown a high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children with spina bifida. International standards for regular testing for SDB in this...
INTRODUCTION
Studies have shown a high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children with spina bifida. International standards for regular testing for SDB in this population are lacking. While there are studies investigating the prevalence of SDB in children with spina bifida, there are close to no studies in neonates.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To evaluate if routine respiratory polygraphy (RPG) testing is indicated for neonates with spina bifida and if yes, with what therapeutic consequence.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all neonates with spina bifida at the University (Children's) Hospital Zurich after fetal spina bifida repair born between 2017 and 2022, who had undergone at least 1 RPG evaluation during hospitalization on the neonatal ward. RPG were evaluated by a blinded group of experienced pediatric pulmonologists. Based on the neonatal RPG results and pediatric pulmonologist's recommendation for caffeine therapy the spina bifida cohort was divided into two groups. Neonatal baseline RPG and follow-up RPG at the age of the 3 months were evaluated.
RESULTS
48 neonates with RPG were included. Compared to the standard values in healthy neonates, the RPG results of this spina bifida cohort showed findings of SDB with central apnea and hypopnea. 22 (45.8%) neonatal RPG evaluations detected central SDB, prompting caffeine therapy. Follow-up RPG conducted after 3 months showed significant improvement of SDB with (almost) no need for continuation of caffeine.
CONCLUSION
We recommend the implementation of routine RPG testing in neonates with spina bifida to detect SDB and facilitate early targeted treatment.
PubMed: 38888157
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27137 -
Khirurgiia 2024Congenital anomalies of respiratory system are quite diverse and not all of them are subject to surgical treatment. One example is accessory lobe of the azygos vein....
Congenital anomalies of respiratory system are quite diverse and not all of them are subject to surgical treatment. One example is accessory lobe of the azygos vein. This anomaly usually has no clinical manifestations and requires only follow-up, as well as attention in surgery on the right half of the chest for some other disease. This situation changes when complications occur, for example, purulent-inflammatory process. Therapy is not always effective, and lung tissue destruction requires surgical treatment. Progressive destruction complicates diagnosis and choosing surgical tactics. We present a rare case of severe purulent-inflammatory complication with abscess in accessory lobe of . Anatomical abnormalities following this congenital pulmonary anomaly can cause difficulties in surgeries for other intra-thoracic diseases. The situation is especially relevant for thoracoscopic access. This report will be useful for radiologists, pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons.
Topics: Humans; Azygos Vein; Treatment Outcome; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Thoracoscopy; Lung; Female; Lung Abscess
PubMed: 38888021
DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202406170 -
Clinical and Applied... 2024Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Risk scores associated with VTE have been widely used in clinical practice. Among numerous... (Review)
Review
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Risk scores associated with VTE have been widely used in clinical practice. Among numerous scores published, those included in guidelines are usually typical risk scores which have been extensively validated and globally recognized. This review provides an updated overview of the risk scores associated with VTE endorsed by 3 guidelines which are highly recognized in the field of VTE including the European Society of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, and American Society of Hematology, focusing on the development, modification, validation, and comparison of these scores, to provide a comprehensive and updated understanding of all the classic risk scores associated with VTE to medical readers including but not limited to cardiologists, pulmonologists, hematologists, intensivists, physicians, surgeons, and researchers. Although each score recommended by these guidelines was more or less validated, there may still be room for further improvement. It may still be necessary to seek simpler, more practical, and more universally applicable VTE-related risk scores in the future.
Topics: Humans; Venous Thromboembolism; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Risk Factors; Societies, Medical; Risk Assessment; Female
PubMed: 38887044
DOI: 10.1177/10760296241263856 -
Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) 2024Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided mediastinal cryobiopsy is a novel technique that increases the accuracy of diagnosing most pathologies that affect the... (Review)
Review
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided mediastinal cryobiopsy is a novel technique that increases the accuracy of diagnosing most pathologies that affect the mediastinum. Although EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the first choice in the diagnosis of mediastinal pathology, mediastinal cryobiopsy offers a larger and higher quality biopsy with minimal artifacts and no crushing when compared to conventional cytological samples obtained through EBUS-TBNA. It is particularly valuable in pathologies where EBUS-TBNA has diagnostic limitations, such as lymphoproliferative diseases, benign granulomatous conditions like sarcoidosis and silicosis, some rare infectious processes, metastases from rare non-pulmonary tumors, and in advanced stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) where immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis are essential for personalized treatment. Therefore, mediastinal cryobiopsy seems to play a crucial role in these challenging scenarios. However, there is ongoing debate in the field of interventional pulmonology regarding the best approach for obtaining a mediastinal cryobiopsy. Some interventional pulmonologists use a high-frequency needle knife to create an incision in the tracheobronchial wall adjacent to the mediastinal lesion before inserting the cryoprobe, while others use a needle to create a pathway to the target area. There are also variations in the use of endoscopic or ultrasound imaging for guidance. In this article, we aim to review the current literature on different methods of performing mediastinal cryobiopsy and share our own clinical experience and methodology in a systematic way for its implementation in a safe, fast, and effective way.
PubMed: 38881814
DOI: 10.21037/med-23-65 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Jun 2024Lung cancers that present as radiographic subsolid nodules represent a subtype with distinct biological behavior and outcomes. The objective of this document is to...
OBJECTIVE
Lung cancers that present as radiographic subsolid nodules represent a subtype with distinct biological behavior and outcomes. The objective of this document is to review the existing literature and report consensus among a group of multidisciplinary experts, providing specific recommendations for the clinical management of subsolid nodules.
METHODS
The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Clinical Practice Standards Committee assembled an international, multidisciplinary expert panel composed of radiologists, pulmonologists, and thoracic surgeons with established expertise in the management of subsolid nodules. A focused literature review was performed with the assistance of a medical librarian. Expert consensus statements were developed with class of recommendation and level of evidence for each of 4 main topics: (1) definitions of subsolid nodules (radiology and pathology), (2) surveillance and diagnosis, (3) surgical interventions, and (4) management of multiple subsolid nodules. Using a modified Delphi method, the statements were evaluated and refined by the entire panel.
RESULTS
Consensus was reached on 17 recommendations. These consensus statements reflect updated insights on subsolid nodule management based on the latest literature and current clinical experience, focusing on the correlation between radiologic findings and pathological classifications, individualized subsolid nodule surveillance and surgical strategies, and multimodality therapies for multiple subsolid lung nodules.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the complex nature of the decision-making process in the management of subsolid nodules, consensus on several key recommendations was achieved by this American Association for Thoracic Surgery expert panel. These recommendations, based on evidence and a modified Delphi method, provide guidance for thoracic surgeons and other medical professionals who care for patients with subsolid nodules.
PubMed: 38878052
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.02.026 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2024Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is considered a rare cause of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), which is reported in 6% of children with PCD. The...
BACKGROUND
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is considered a rare cause of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), which is reported in 6% of children with PCD. The forms of PCD associated with the variants of the GAS8 gene identified so far seem to be linked to recurrent respiratory infections (sinusitis, otitis, and bronchiectasis) without situs inversus.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a case of an 11-year-old girl with recurrent otitis media, productive cough, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis with homozygosity for a novel nonsense mutation in the GAS8.
CONCLUSION
Children with CRSwNP should be treated in a multidisciplinary manner (ENT, pulmonologist, allergist, pathologist, pediatrician, and geneticist) because nasal polyposis often hides etiologies that must be recognized.
PubMed: 38873586
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1345265