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Journal of American College Health : J... Jun 2024Cyber dating violence (CDV) is prevalent among emerging adults and could lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, limited research has been...
Cyber dating violence (CDV) is prevalent among emerging adults and could lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, limited research has been conducted on potential mitigating (or exacerbating) factors, such as the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CER). The present study examined whether CER strategies mediate the relationship between CDV and PTSD. Among a sample of 598 college students, the present study focuses on those who reported past-year CDV (56%; = 335). An online survey was completed by college students to assess CDV, CER, and PTSD using validated self-report measures. CDV was bivariately correlated with PTSD symptoms as well as adaptive and maladaptive CER. Within a mediation model, maladaptive (but not adaptive) CER mediated the relationship between CDV and PTSD. CDV is common among college students. Targeting maladaptive CER, such as self-blame and rumination, could lead to reductions in PTSD symptoms.
PubMed: 38848386
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2361323 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024Mind wandering is a common phenomenon in daily life. However, the manifestations and cognitive correlates of mind wandering in different subclinical populations remain... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Mind wandering is a common phenomenon in daily life. However, the manifestations and cognitive correlates of mind wandering in different subclinical populations remain unclear. In this study, these aspects were examined in individuals with schizotypal traits and individuals with depressive symptoms, i.e., subclinical populations of patients with schizophrenia and depression.
METHODS
Forty-two individuals with schizotypal traits, 42 individuals with subclinical depression, and 42 controls were recruited to complete a mind wandering thought sampling task (state level) and a mind wandering questionnaire (trait level). Measures of rumination and cognitive functions (attention, inhibition, and working memory) were also completed by participants.
RESULTS
Both subclinical groups exhibited more state and trait mind wandering than did the control group. Furthermore, individuals with schizotypal traits demonstrated more trait mind wandering than individuals with subclinical depression. Rumination, sustained attention, and working memory were associated with mind wandering. In addition, mind wandering in individuals with subclinical depression can be accounted for by rumination or attention, while mind wandering in individuals with high schizotypal traits cannot be accounted for by rumination, attention, or working memory.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that individuals with high schizotypal traits and subclinical depression have different patterns of mind wandering and mechanisms. These findings have implications for understanding the unique profile of mind wandering in subclinical individuals.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Schizotypal Personality Disorder; Attention; Memory, Short-Term; Depression; Adult; Young Adult; Thinking; Rumination, Cognitive; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent
PubMed: 38840083
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05871-4 -
Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna,... Jun 2024Dystonia is a movement disorder in which sustained muscle contractions give rise to abnormal postures or involuntary movements. It is a disabling and disfiguring...
Dystonia is a movement disorder in which sustained muscle contractions give rise to abnormal postures or involuntary movements. It is a disabling and disfiguring disorder that affects activities of daily living and gives people a bizarre appearance often associated with psychological morbidity, embarrassment and social avoidance. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) is the most effective treatment for motor symptoms in focal dystonia, but little is known about its impact on the psycho-social dimension. The main aim of this study was to evaluate psycho-social changes in patients with focal dystonia after starting BoNT treatment using self-reported scales. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) assessing body self-image, satisfaction with physical aspects, social avoidance, self-reported depression, and self-distress were completed by 11 patients with dystonia and 9 patients with hyperhidrosis as a control group before BoNT (T0). VAS was then performed after four weeks (T1) to assess whether BoNT induced changes in the psychosocial dimension. Our results showed that only depressive symptoms and rumination about body defects improved in patients with dystonia after BoNT treatment, while improvement in self-distress and satisfaction with physical aspects was also found in hyperhidrosis. Individuals with hyperhidrosis experience poorer psychological well-being and suffer from higher levels of distress compared to dystonic patients. This suggests that individuals with this disabling condition are more vulnerable to social impact than dystonic patients.
PubMed: 38832965
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02785-z -
Asian Journal of Psychiatry Jul 2024Repetitive thoughts are usually associated with psychopathology. The Future-oriented Repetitive Thought (FoRT) Scale is a measure designed to capture frequency of...
BACKGROUND
Repetitive thoughts are usually associated with psychopathology. The Future-oriented Repetitive Thought (FoRT) Scale is a measure designed to capture frequency of repetitive thought about positive and negative future events. However, the validity of the scale in Chinese population and its application in the schizophrenia spectrum have not been examined.
METHODS
The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the FoRT scale and to apply it to the schizophrenia spectrum. In Study 1, three samples (total N = 1875) of university students were recruited for exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and validity test, respectively. In Study 2, we identified subsamples with high schizotypal traits (N = 89) and low schizotypal traits (N = 89), and recruited 36 inpatients with schizophrenia and 41 matched healthy controls.
RESULTS
The three-factor (pessimistic repetitive future thinking, repetitive thinking about future goals, and positive indulging about the future) structure of the FoRT scale with one item deleted, fitted the Chinese samples. And the scale could distinguish patients with schizophrenia and individuals with high schizotypal traits from controls.
CONCLUSION
These findings support that the Chinese version of the FoRT scale is a valid tool and provide evidence for the potential applications in the schizophrenia spectrum.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Schizophrenia; Adult; Psychometrics; Young Adult; China; Schizotypal Personality Disorder; Reproducibility of Results; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Adolescent; Thinking; Rumination, Cognitive; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 38815436
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104083 -
BMC Psychiatry May 2024Emerging evidence supports mindfulness as a potential psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals with subthreshold PTSD experience significant... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Emerging evidence supports mindfulness as a potential psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals with subthreshold PTSD experience significant impairment in their daily life and functioning due to PTSD symptoms, despite not meeting the full diagnostic criteria for PTSD in DSM-5. Mindfulness skills, including non-judgmental acceptance, attentional control and openness to experiences may help alleviate PTSD symptoms by targeting characteristics such as intensified memory processing, dysregulated hyperarousal, avoidance, and thought suppression. This trial aims to test the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) when compared to an active control.
METHOD AND ANALYSIS
This 1:1 randomised controlled trial will enroll 160 participants with PTSD symptoms in 2 arms (MBCT vs. Seeking Safety), with both interventions consisting of 8 weekly sessions lasting 2 h each week and led by certified instructors. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and 3 months post-intervention (T2), with the primary outcome being PTSD symptoms measured by the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) at T1. Secondary outcomes include depression, anxiety, attention, experimental avoidance, rumination, mindfulness, and coping skills. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be performed. Mediation analysis will investigate whether attention, experimental avoidance, and rumination mediate the effect of mindfulness on PTSD symptoms.
DISCUSSION
The proposed study will assess the effectiveness of MBCT in improving PTSD symptoms. The findings are anticipated to have implications for various areas of healthcare and contribute to the enhancement of existing intervention guidelines for PTSD.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ChiCTR2200061863.
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Mindfulness; Adult; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Female; Male; China; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; East Asian People
PubMed: 38812001
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05840-x -
Journal of Affective Disorders Sep 2024Rumination is a maladaptive response to distress characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). It is unclear to what degree rumination is associated with depression...
BACKGROUND
Rumination is a maladaptive response to distress characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). It is unclear to what degree rumination is associated with depression severity prior to treatment and how it responds to antidepressant treatment. Therefore, we evaluated the association between rumination and depression severity in 92 untreated patients with MDD and explored the changes in rumination after initiation of antidepressant medication.
METHOD
We measured rumination using the Rumination Response Scale (RRS) and depression severity with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS or HDRS) before and after initiation of 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment. The association between RRS and pre-treatment HDRS was evaluated using a linear regression model. RRS at week 4, 8, and 12 across treatment response categories (remission vs. non-response) were evaluated using a mixed effect model.
RESULTS
RRS was positively associated with depression severity prior to treatment at a trend level (p = 0.06). After initiation of treatment RRS decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) and remitters exhibited lower rumination compared to non-responders at week 4 (p = 0.03), 8 (p = 0.01), and 12 (p = 0.007).
LIMITATIONS
The study had no placebo group.
CONCLUSIONS
Although pre-treatment rumination did not significantly associate with depressive symptoms, rumination was closely connected to change in depressive symptoms. Tormented patients could be reassured that rumination symptoms may be alleviated over the course of antidepressant treatment.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Male; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Rumination, Cognitive; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38810785
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.135 -
Neurobiology of Stress Jul 2024Recent work showed an association of prefrontal dysfunctions in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and social stress induced rumination. However, up to date...
Recent work showed an association of prefrontal dysfunctions in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and social stress induced rumination. However, up to date it is unclear which etiological features of MDD might cause prefrontal dysfunctions. In the study at hand, we aimed to replicate recent findings, that showed prefrontal activation alterations during the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and subsequently increased stress-reactive rumination in MDD compared to healthy controls. Moreover, we aimed to explore the role of adverse childhood experiences and other clinical variables in this relationship. N = 55 patients currently suffering from MDD and n = 42 healthy controls (HC) underwent the TSST, while cortical activity in areas of the Cognitive Control Network (CCN) was measured via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The TSST successfully induced a stress reaction (physiologically, as well as indicated by subjective stress ratings) and state rumination in all subjects with moderate to large effect sizes. In comparison to HC, MDD patients showed elevated levels of state rumination with large effect sizes, as well as a typical pattern of reduced cortical oxygenation during stress in the CCN with moderate effect sizes. Self-reported emotional abuse and social anxiety were moderately positively associated with increased stress-reactive rumination. Within the MDD sample, emotional abuse was negatively and social anxiety positively associated with cortical oxygenation within the CCN with moderate to large effect sizes. In conclusion, our results replicate previous findings on MDD-associated prefrontal hypoactivity during stress and extends the research toward specific subtypes of depression.
PubMed: 38800538
DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100640 -
Substance Use & Misuse May 2024Craving is a core feature of addiction. Rumination and depression play a crucial role in the process of methamphetamine addiction. The aim of this study was to examine...
BACKGROUND
Craving is a core feature of addiction. Rumination and depression play a crucial role in the process of methamphetamine addiction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between rumination, depression and craving in methamphetamine patients, which has not been explored yet.
METHODS
A total of 778 patients with methamphetamine user disorder (MUD) at the Xinhua Drug Rehabilitation Center, located in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. We used a set of self-administered questionnaires that included socio-demographic, detailed drug use history, rumination, depression and craving information. The Rumination Response Scale (RRS) was used to measure rumination, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to measure depression and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure craving.
RESULTS
There was a significant positive correlation between rumination and craving, or depression, and between depression and craving. Furthermore, depression mediated between rumination and craving, with a mediation effect of 160%.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that there is a close interrelationship between rumination, craving and depression in MUD patients, and that depression may play a mediating role between rumination and craving.
PubMed: 38789408
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2352617 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Sep 2024This study aimed to identify moderators of treatment effect (i.e. depressive symptoms and well-being) of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Positive... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Predicting which intervention works better for whom: Moderators of treatment effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Positive Psychology Intervention in patients with bipolar disorder.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to identify moderators of treatment effect (i.e. depressive symptoms and well-being) of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI) in patients with bipolar disorder.
METHODS
Data were drawn from two multicenter randomized controlled trials investigating effectiveness of MBCT vs treatment as usual (TAU; n = 144) and PPI vs TAU (n = 97) in bipolar disorder. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 12 months after baseline. Data were analyzed using separate linear regression models, comparing the pooled MBCT or PPI outcomes to TAU, and comparing MBCT to PPI.
RESULTS
The exploratory analyses not corrected for multiple comparisons showed a number of variables that were associated with stronger response to the interventions, including higher baseline anxiety, lower well-being, and lower levels of self-focused positive rumination, well-being, and self-compassion, and variables associated with a stronger response to either MBCT (higher levels of depression and anxiety and being married) or PPI (being male). After correcting for multiple testing, depressive symptoms appeared to be the most robust variable associated with better response to MBCT than PPI.
LIMITATIONS
The RCTs handled slightly different enrollment criteria and outcome measures.
CONCLUSIONS
The most robust finding is that patients with more severe symptomatology seem to benefit more from MBCT than PPI.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
This is a first step to improve personalized assignment of third-wave CBT interventions for patients with bipolar disorder. However, before definite treatment assignment criteria can be formulated and implemented in clinical practice, these findings should be replicated.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Bipolar Disorder; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Psychology, Positive; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression; Anxiety
PubMed: 38788858
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.110 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... May 202445 year-old male patient with history of heartburn and regurgitation of non-acid food in the immediate postprandial period, with no symptomatic improvement after...
45 year-old male patient with history of heartburn and regurgitation of non-acid food in the immediate postprandial period, with no symptomatic improvement after anti-acid treatment. The patient underwent an upper endoscopy that was unremarkable. A high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) was performed according to Chicago Protocol 4.0, as well as an additional solid test meal, with findings of rumination syndrome (RS) (figure 1). The study was completed with a 24-hour impedance pH monitoring that showed, in the immediate postprandial period, episodes of reflux that reached the proximal sensor followed by a normal swallow (figure 2). Abdominophrenic biofeedback was started with clinical improvement and anti-acid treatment was maintained at once a day. Discussion: RS is diagnosed by a complete clinical history, using the Rome IV or DSM-5 criteria (figure 3). Due to lack of knowledge of the disease and the fact that regurgitation can be present in other conditions including gastroesophageal reflux disease and achalasia, most patients undergo multiple tests and visit several physicians before reaching the diagnosis1. The gold standard investigation for RS, in cases where there are diagnostic doubts, is HRIM with solid meal administration, that shows a sudden increase in intragastric pressure > 30 mmHg concurrent with a drop in impedance and both simultaneous lower and upper esophageal sphincter relaxation, that may or may not be followed by re-swallowing food2. Rumination episodes can appear spontaneously (type 1) or may be preceded by a reflux episode (type 2) or a supragastric belch (type 3)3. 24-hour impedance pH monitoring cannot confirm de diagnosis, but during rumination, in the majority of episodes, the refluxed material reaches the proximal esophagus2.
PubMed: 38775393
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10413/2024