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Veterinary Parasitology Jun 2024In this study we analysed the effect of the temperature, diverse strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, Lysinibacillus sphaericus and nanoformulations with essential plant...
In this study we analysed the effect of the temperature, diverse strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, Lysinibacillus sphaericus and nanoformulations with essential plant oils (EONP) on the survival of Sarcoptes scabiei mites derived from naturally-infested Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). In general, mites maintained at 12ºC survived more than those maintained at 35ºC (40.7 hr and 31.2 hr, respectively). Mites with no treatment survived 27.6 h on average. Mites treated with B. thuringiensis serovar. konkukian and geranium EONP showed significant reduction in their survival. Despite the fact that these agents seem to be promising candidates for controlling sarcoptic mange in the field, further research is still needed to get stable, efficient and eco-friendly acaricides.
Topics: Animals; Acaricides; Sarcoptes scabiei; Goats; Scabies; Biological Products; Goat Diseases; Bacillus thuringiensis; Oils, Volatile
PubMed: 38714065
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110189 -
AME Case Reports 2024Crusted scabies is a rare form of parasitic infection provoked by a massive infestation of the ectoparasite varietas hominis on human skin. It is an extremely...
BACKGROUND
Crusted scabies is a rare form of parasitic infection provoked by a massive infestation of the ectoparasite varietas hominis on human skin. It is an extremely contagious type of disease and can even lead to a social stigma. In European countries like Greece, many cases remain undiagnosed for long periods, causing extreme distress in the patient's everyday life and social environment.
CASE DESCRIPTION
Herein, we present a case of an 86-year-old woman with crusted scabies in Greece, who remained undiagnosed for 5 months. Massive hyperkeratotic plaques on the extremities, and face, palmoplantar keratoderma, and numerous small erythematous papules on the torso with extreme itch were the main clinical manifestations of the patient. Dermoscopy revealed the parasite. All necessary decontamination measures were taken by personnel. Treatment was administered and a complete cure of the disease was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
In this case, the use of dermoscopy has attributed to precise crusted scabies diagnosis and acute pharmacological management of the patient. Early diagnosis of such diseases not only saves patients from lethal secondary infections, but also reduces the risk of a massive scabies outbreak. We also conducted a mini-review, analyzing all recent data concerning crusted scabies macroscopic, dermatoscopic, and histological images. All new information concerning the pathophysiological mechanism of crusted scabies manifestation, updated treatment options, and potential resistance to widely-used treatments are provided.
PubMed: 38711879
DOI: 10.21037/acr-23-125 -
Scabies treatment with benzyl benzoate in patients younger than 2 years: A single-centre experience.Journal of the European Academy of... May 2024
PubMed: 38702971
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20048 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Dermatological consultation plays an important role in diagnosing and treating skin diseases in the Department of Geriatrics. The objective of this study is to provide...
OBJECTIVE
Dermatological consultation plays an important role in diagnosing and treating skin diseases in the Department of Geriatrics. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of the factors leading geriatric inpatients to seek dermatological consultation, aiming to facilitate accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of skin diseases by healthcare professionals specializing in geriatrics and dermatology.
METHODS
The electronic health records of hospitalized patients in the Department of Geriatrics who applied for dermatological consultation at the Second Hospital of Shandong University from June 1, 2022, to June 1, 2023, were retrieved. Sex, age, number of consultations, reason for dermatology consultation, and final diagnosis by dermatologists were reviewed.
RESULTS
A total of 216 consultations of 178 patients (n=178, 95 men and 83 women) were collected in this study, of whom 153 (86.0%) required only one consultation, 19 (10.7%) required two consultations, and 4 (2.2%) required three consultations. The reasons for dermatology consultations were divided into three categories: the first was for the definitive diagnosis of a new skin condition that developed during the patient's hospitalization (n=165, 76.4%), the second was for the follow-up of the condition and adjustment of medication (n=40, 18.5%), and the third was for the evaluation of the patient's disease that existed before admission to the hospital (n=11, 5.1%). In 165 consultations, most of these diseases (n=131, 79.4%) can be diagnosed by patients' conscious symptoms and clinical manifestations. Some of them need to be diagnosed or differentially diagnosed with the help of supplementary examinations, such as microscopic examination of scabies or fungi, and pathological examination.
CONCLUSION
This study summarized the reasons for dermatology consultations for geriatric inpatients and found that dermatitis/eczema and infectious diseases were the common types of diseases consulted. The findings of this study contribute to the enhanced comprehension and management of dermatological conditions in hospitalized patients by geriatricians, as well as facilitating more efficient diagnosis and treatment by dermatologists.
PubMed: 38699408
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S461156 -
International Journal of Infectious... Aug 2024Infective dermatitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) (IDH) is a severe form of chronically infected eczema occurring in early childhood,... (Review)
Review
Infective dermatitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) (IDH) is a severe form of chronically infected eczema occurring in early childhood, although very rarely cases have been reported in adults. Most of the cases are from Jamaica and Brazil and occur in individuals with low socioeconomic status. IDH is always associated with refractory Staphylococcus aureus or beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection of the skin and nasal vestibules. Patients with IDH may develop other even more severe HTLV-1-associated diseases, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) of early or late appearance and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. In the context of the Brazilian experience, it has been observed that 54% of IDH patients exhibit the juvenile form of HAM/TSP while the estimated incidence of adult HAM/TSP is 3%. As there are no curative treatments for HTLV-1 infection (or vaccines) or most of its associated diseases, prevention of infection is fundamental, mainly by vertical transmission, as it is responsible for the development of IDH, infantojuvenile HAM/TSP, and ATL. Public measures to reduce this transmission must be implemented urgently. Furthermore, it is recommended, mainly in HTLV-1 endemic areas, to search for HTLV-1 infection in all patients with infected eczema, even in adults.
Topics: Humans; HTLV-I Infections; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Brazil; Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic; Adult; Dermatitis
PubMed: 38697604
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107058 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases May 2024Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and acute rheumatic fever (ARF) disproportionately affect individuals in low-resource settings. ARF is attributed to an immune response to...
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and acute rheumatic fever (ARF) disproportionately affect individuals in low-resource settings. ARF is attributed to an immune response to Group A Streptococcus (GAS) following GAS pharyngitis and potentially GAS impetigo in which infection can be initiated by scabies infestation. The burden of ARF and RHD in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia is among the highest globally. Following recent calls to include dog management programs in ARF and RHD prevention programs, we believe it is timely to assess the evidence for this, particularly since previous recommendations excluded resources to prevent zoonotic canine scabies. While phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the Sarcoptes mite is host specific, they have differed in interpretation of the strength of their findings regarding species cross-over and the need for canine scabies control to prevent human itch. Given that there is also indication from case reports that canine scabies leads to human itch, we propose that further investigation of the potential burden of zoonotic canine scabies and intervention trials of canine scabies prevention on the incidence of impetigo are warranted. Considering the devastating impacts of ARF and RHD, evidence is required to support policy to eliminate all risk factors.
Topics: Animals; Scabies; Dogs; Humans; Dog Diseases; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Australia; Zoonoses; Impetigo; Streptococcus pyogenes; Streptococcal Infections; Risk Factors; Rheumatic Fever
PubMed: 38696362
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012115 -
International Journal of General... 2024To outline the clinical manifestations observed in patients with scabies misdiagnosed as generalized eczema, analyse the factors contributing to these misdiagnoses and...
OBJECTIVE
To outline the clinical manifestations observed in patients with scabies misdiagnosed as generalized eczema, analyse the factors contributing to these misdiagnoses and explore potential reasons for the resurgence of scabies.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the patients with scabies misdiagnosed as generalized eczema.
RESULTS
We included 23 patients, with twelve (52.17%) being male and eleven (47.83%) female. The illness duration ranged from 0.5 to 7 months. Among all patients, 12 (52.17%) were residents of nursing homes, 5 (21.74%) were staff members of these facilities, 4 (17.39%) were caregivers of long-term hospitalized relatives, 1 (4.35%) was a construction worker, and 1 (4.35%) had a history of tourism. The rash predominantly affected the trunk and extremities, 12 patients (52.17%) are each involved the perineum and fingers webbings. The presentations included erythema, papules, and nodules. The main complaint of all patients was nocturnal itch. Under direct microscopy, 5 patients (21.74%) tested positive for scabies mites, and 3 (13.04%) showed histopathological features consistent with scabies. All patients were initially misdiagnosed with generalized eczema.
CONCLUSION
Over half of all patients diagnosed with scabies either resided or worked in long-term care facilities. The lack of awareness of scabies among medical staff in long-term care facilities readily led to frequent misdiagnosis. Comprehensive measures should be implemented urgently to strengthen disease management.
PubMed: 38690199
DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S458731 -
Clinical Case Reports May 2024Crusted scabies is a severe form of scabies infestation caused by the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. Risk factors include immunosuppression, neuropathies, and...
Crusted scabies is a severe form of scabies infestation caused by the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. Risk factors include immunosuppression, neuropathies, and psychiatric disorders. Its management poses important challenges due to its contagius nature. Here we present a case or Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis secondary to Ivermectin therapy in a patient with crusted scabies.
PubMed: 38689688
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8854 -
IJID Regions Jun 2024This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of infestation and its associated factors among primary school children (PSC) in the Rufiji district.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of infestation and its associated factors among primary school children (PSC) in the Rufiji district.
METHODS
A quantitative school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 447 PSC in the Rufiji district. The prevalence of scabies among PSC was determined by clinical examination and by microscopic examination of skin samples for the presence of . A structured questionnaire was used to gather data on factors associated with infestation. Descriptive analysis, Fisher's exact, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The prevalence of scabies was 2.0%. Of the assessed factors, only physical contact with a person having itchy skin lesions (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=4.04, 95%CI 4.39-12.50) and infrequency of changing clothes before laundry (AOR=2.99, 95%CI 1.35-4.94) were significantly associated with scabies. The majority of participants demonstrated low levels of knowledge, with half exhibiting poor attitudes and inappropriate healthcare-seeking behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS
There was an ongoing transmission of scabies among PSC in the Rufiji district, with the factors associated with the transmission being physical contact with a person who had an itchy skin lesion and the infrequency of changing clothes before laundry. Therefore, there is a need for regular clinical screening and treatment of positive cases with preventive measures on contact and provision of health education.
PubMed: 38680841
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100365 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Mar 2024Scabies is a neglected tropical disease and represents a considerable global burden. Although consensus diagnostic criteria for scabies have been recently published,...
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease and represents a considerable global burden. Although consensus diagnostic criteria for scabies have been recently published, diagnosing scabies infestation remains challenging in clinical practice. We investigated the diagnostic utility of complete blood cell count (CBC) and CBC-derived ratios obtained at diagnosis in a set of 167 patients who are Vietnamese with confirmed scabies. These parameters were compared with those of patients with dermatophytosis (N = 800) and urticaria (N = 2023), two diseases frequent in Vietnam, which can present with similar skin manifestations to scabies and tend to pose a diagnostic challenge in vulnerable populations. Our analysis revealed that white blood cell, monocyte, and eosinophil counts were significantly higher among patients with scabies than the other two diseases. Similarly, the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) were significantly higher among patients with scabies. The optimal cut-off values to distinguish scabies from dermatophytosis and urticaria were 0.094 for ELR (sensitivity: 74.85%, specificity: 70.7%) and 0.295 for MLR (sensitivity: 52.69%, specificity: 73.54%). CBC, ELR, and MLR are low-cost and easily calculated parameters that may be helpful for the diagnosis of scabies.
PubMed: 38673000
DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040373