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Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024During the first wave of COVID-19, China demonstrated a strong commitment to epidemic prevention and control. This case study focuses on Z University, which adopted...
During the first wave of COVID-19, China demonstrated a strong commitment to epidemic prevention and control. This case study focuses on Z University, which adopted closed management when the epidemic was serious, and examines the influence of COVID-19 on students' psychology and behavior through interviews with 10 students. The research reveals that while students perceive closed management during the epidemic as enhancing safety and promoting learning engagement to some extent, the epidemic also has adverse effects on their physical health, psychology, and social life. These impacts included deteriorating physical health, feelings of rebellion and depression regarding college life, alongside concerns and aspirations regarding future job stability. In the discussion, we suggest that higher education institutions can utilize this information to shape policies and procedures, particularly concerning mental health and risk communication, not only during the current pandemic but also in future emergency or disaster scenarios.
PubMed: 38957735
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1382301 -
MedEdPORTAL : the Journal of Teaching... 2024Medical schools seeking to correct and reform curricula towards anti-racist perspectives need to address anti-Black forms of racism specifically and teach students...
INTRODUCTION
Medical schools seeking to correct and reform curricula towards anti-racist perspectives need to address anti-Black forms of racism specifically and teach students critical upstander skills to interrupt manifestations of racism. We developed a course to teach preclinical medical students basic anti-racism competencies including recognition and awareness of anti-Black racism in medicine and upstander skills to advocate for patients and colleagues.
METHODS
In 2021 and 2022, we designed, implemented, and evaluated an elective course for second-year medical students ( = 149) to introduce competencies of anti-racism focusing on upstander skills for addressing anti-Blackness. We designed three patient cases and one student-centered case to illustrate manifestations of anti-Black racism in medicine and used these cases to stimulate small-group discussions and guide students toward recognizing and understanding ways of responding to racism. We designed pre- and postassessments to evaluate the effectiveness of the course and utilized anonymous feedback surveys.
RESULTS
Participants showed significant improvement in pre- to postassessment scores in both years of the course. The anonymous feedback survey showed that 97% of students rated the course at least somewhat effective, and the qualitative responses revealed five core themes: course timing, case complexity, learner differentiation, direct instruction, and access to resources.
DISCUSSION
This course reinforces upstander competencies necessary for advancing anti-racism in medicine. It addresses a gap in medical education by reckoning with the entrenched nature of anti-Black racism in the culture of medicine and seeks to empower undergraduate medical students to advocate for Black-identifying patients and colleagues.
Topics: Humans; Racism; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Curriculum; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Clinical Competence
PubMed: 38957536
DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11395 -
MedEdPORTAL : the Journal of Teaching... 2024Medication errors can lead to significant adverse events. Nearly 50% of medication errors occur during the prescription-writing stage of the medication use process, and...
INTRODUCTION
Medication errors can lead to significant adverse events. Nearly 50% of medication errors occur during the prescription-writing stage of the medication use process, and effective interprofessional collaboration and communication are key to reducing error in this process.
METHODS
We developed a three-part, 60-minute, interprofessional education activity providing medical, physician assistant, and pharmacy students the opportunity to practice collegial interprofessional communication surrounding prescribing practices. Learners met virtually initially as a large group and divided into small groups facilitated by a health professional. Part 1 involved reviewing two prescriptions prepared by learners; part 2 was a discussion about the education, roles, and responsibilities of each profession; and part 3 focused on identifying prescription errors in examples provided by faculty. Students completed a post-pre survey measuring their perception of learning the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS) areas.
RESULTS
Of 317 participants (151 doctor of osteopathy, 68 master of physician assistant studies, and 98 doctor of pharmacy students), 286 completed the post-pre survey, for a 90% response rate. Students reported statistically significant ( < .001) increases in all 20 questions spanning the six ICCAS areas.
DISCUSSION
The virtual format allowed multiple institutions to participate from various locations. It broadened the learners' experience by fostering interaction among those with varied perspectives and allowed collaboration between locations and programs that otherwise could not have participated. The activity introduced students to virtual collaboration and key telehealth skills, enhancing their confidence and familiarity with virtual interactions in a professional setting.
Topics: Humans; Physician Assistants; Surveys and Questionnaires; Interprofessional Relations; Cooperative Behavior; Interprofessional Education; Medication Errors; Students, Pharmacy; Clinical Competence; Education, Pharmacy; Osteopathic Medicine; Drug Prescriptions
PubMed: 38957535
DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11403 -
MedEdPORTAL : the Journal of Teaching... 2024For future success in the modern health care environment, health professions students require effective interprofessional education experiences to develop their...
INTRODUCTION
For future success in the modern health care environment, health professions students require effective interprofessional education experiences to develop their perceptions of other professionals on the health care team. The Interprofessional Standardized Patient Experience (ISPE) is an interprofessional education activity for prelicensure health professional students in nursing, pharmacy, physical therapy, medicine, social work, and occupational therapy.
METHODS
The ISPE involved collaboration among students to conduct a subjective interview. Students from six health care professions individually interviewed a simulated patient while being observed by students from other professions. A structured faculty-guided debriefing session followed the comprehensive interview process. Students completed a voluntary pre- and post-ISPE survey with interprofessional questions and feedback on the activity. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze individual responses. Differences in student opinions by student profession and by the number of professions present were examined using chi-square tests.
RESULTS
Over 4 consecutive academic years, 1,265 students completed the ISPE, and 1,028 completed the pre- and post-ISPE surveys. Analysis of the survey responses indicated that the ISPE enhanced student awareness of the functions of an interprofessional team and increased student knowledge of the roles of different health care professions. Students rated the ISPE as a valuable experience. Differences were noted in some of the measures by profession and group size.
DISCUSSION
A single ISPE had a significant impact on prelicensure students' perceptions. The ISPE is a novel and effective approach to interprofessional education that students appreciate.
Topics: Humans; Interprofessional Education; Surveys and Questionnaires; Interprofessional Relations; Students, Health Occupations; Patient Simulation; Patient Care Team; Cooperative Behavior; Male; Health Occupations
PubMed: 38957533
DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11410 -
Cureus Jun 2024The present study investigated the predictive relationship between ostracism and suicidal behaviors in individuals with substance use disorders. It also attempts to...
INTRODUCTION
The present study investigated the predictive relationship between ostracism and suicidal behaviors in individuals with substance use disorders. It also attempts to highlight the mediating role of the risk of relapse between ostracism and suicidal behavior.
METHODS
The study was based on a cross-sectional survey design. The sample comprised 100 men aged between 30 to 45 years (M = 35.25, SD = 3.06) from Karachi. The purposive sampling technique was employed. The study employed demographic forms and three self-reporting measures: the Ostracism Experience Scale (OES-A), the Advance Warning of Relapse Questionnaire 3.0 (AWARE), and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R).
RESULTS
Ostracism significantly predicted relapse risk and suicidal behavior. Risk of relapse positively predicted both dimensions of ostracism (ignored: r = 0.33, p < 0.01; excluded: r = 0.43, p < 0.01) and suicidal behavior (r = 0.35, p < 0.01). Additionally, the risk of relapse strongly correlated with overall ostracism score (r = 0.43, p < 0.01). However, no significant mediating effect of ostracism on suicidal behavior was found. The effect was mediated through the risk of relapse (B indirect = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.23). These findings suggest that ostracism increases the likelihood of recurrence, which in turn is associated with suicidal behavior. The mediation model explained 17% of the variation in suicidal behavior.
CONCLUSION
The findings propose the importance of addressing ostracism as a risk factor for suicidal behavior and relapse in substance use disorders. The results suggest that reducing the adverse effects of ostracism and improving social support for individuals can have a significant impact on their mental health.
PubMed: 38957263
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61519 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Apr 2024To conduct a scientometric analysis on black stains, and dental caries, with a focus on identifying emergent patterns, collaborative networks, and thematic evolution. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
AIM
To conduct a scientometric analysis on black stains, and dental caries, with a focus on identifying emergent patterns, collaborative networks, and thematic evolution.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted using a scientometric approach. The Scopus database was utilized for literature search, selecting articles published between 1976 and 2023. The literature search was carried out on February 8, 2024, using AND and OR Boolean operators which were adapted to the search strategy. Finally, SciVal used different scientometric indicators such as "Scholarly Output", "Views Count", "Field-Weighted Citation Impact" and the "Citation Count".
RESULTS
A total of 13 documents from 10 different sources were analyzed, covering a period from 1976 to 2023. Despite an annual growth rate of 0%, each document has an average of 21.08 citations, indicating their relevance in the field. The documents have an average age of 12.9 years and contain 336 references. A total of 143 additional keywords and 26 author keywords were identified. The documents were written by 62 different authors, with an average of 5 coauthors per document and 30.77% international coauthorships.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate a significant relevance of the documents in the field, a notable collaboration among authors, and a significant thematic evolution in the research topics. The mentioned institutions and sources produced documents with notable results, indicating a significant interest and impact in the field.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This study provides a detailed view of the trends and patterns in the research of dental caries and black stains. The findings can assist dental health professionals in better understanding the prevalence and impact of these conditions. Furthermore, it can guide future research and treatment strategies in this field. How to cite this article: Mayta-Tovalino F, Espinoza-Carhuancho F, Reyes-Carmona J, . Emergent Patterns, Collaborative Networks and Thematic Evolution on Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Scientometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):326-330.
Topics: Dental Caries; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Bibliometrics; Cooperative Behavior; Dental Research
PubMed: 38956846
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3682 -
BMC Psychology Jul 2024The rapid proliferation of technology and its impact on adolescents' lives have raised concerns about addictive behaviors and its potential consequences, including...
INTRODUCTION
The rapid proliferation of technology and its impact on adolescents' lives have raised concerns about addictive behaviors and its potential consequences, including behavioral and mental health problems. This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of Problematic Facebook Use and Problematic Video game Use among Tunisian adolescents.
METHODOLOGY
We conducted a cross-sectional study in the urban area of Sousse governorate in Tunisia during the 2018/2019 school year. We selected a representative sample of high school students enrolled in public educational institutions in Sousse. Data collection was performed through a self-administered structured questionnaire, which gathered information on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and mental health disorders. Problematic Facebook Use was assessed using the validated Arabic version of the Bergen Scale, while Problematic Video Game Use was measured using the 21-point Lemmens Scale, which was translated into Arabic. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS program (version 20).
RESULTS
We enrolled a total of 1342 high school students in our study, of whom, 63.2% were female with a mean age of 17.5 ± 1.44 years. The prevalence of Problematic Facebook Use and Problematic Video Game Use was 28.3% and 13% respectively. Regarding the co-occurrence of the two problematic behaviors, 31.3% of participants faced a singular addictive behavior, either related to problematic Facebook or video game use, while 5% had both addictive behaviors simultaneously. In a multivariate analysis, risk factors for the co-occurrence of Problematic Facebook and Video Game Use, in decreasing order of significance, included severe depression (AOR = 4.527; p = 0.003), anxiety (AOR = 4.216; p = 0.001), male gender (AOR = 4.130; p < 0.001), problematic internet use (AOR = 3.477; p = 0.006), as well as moderate depression (AOR = 3.048; p = 0.007).
CONCLUSION
Our study found that Problematic Facebook and Video Game Use were prevalent among Tunisian adolescents. The co-occurrence of these disorders is strongly linked to male gender, problematic internet use, depression, and anxiety disorders. These findings underscore the urgency of implementing tailored and effective awareness and prevention programs to address these emerging challenges.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Video Games; Tunisia; Adolescent Behavior; Social Media; Behavior, Addictive; Internet Addiction Disorder; Mental Disorders; Students; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38956639
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01842-2 -
BMC Public Health Jul 2024A growing literature has documented the social, economic, and health impacts of exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies in the early 21st century for Latiné...
Mexican-origin women's individual and collective strategies to access and share health-promoting resources in the context of exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies.
BACKGROUND
A growing literature has documented the social, economic, and health impacts of exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies in the early 21st century for Latiné communities in the US, pointing to immigration and immigrant policies as forms of structural racism that affect individual, family, and community health and well-being. Furthermore, the past decade has seen an increase in bi-partisan exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies. Immigration enforcement has been a major topic during the 2024 Presidential election cycle, portending an augmentation of exclusionary policies towards immigrants. Within this context, scholars have called for research that highlights the ways in which Latiné communities navigate exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies, and implications for health. This study examines ways in which Mexican-origin women in a midwestern northern border community navigate restrictive immigration and immigrant policies to access health-promoting resources and care for their well-being.
METHODS
We conducted a grounded theory analysis drawing on interviews with 48 Mexican-origin women in Detroit, Michigan, who identified as being in the first, 1.5, or second immigrant generation. Interviews were conducted in English or Spanish, depending on participants' preferences, and were conducted at community-based organizations or other locations convenient to participants in 2013-2014.
RESULTS
Women reported encountering an interconnected web of institutional processes that used racializing markers to infer legal status and eligibility to access health-promoting resources. Our findings highlight women's use of both individual and collective action to navigate exclusionary policies and processes, working to: (1) maintain access to health-promoting resources; (2) limit labeling and stigmatization; and (3) mitigate adverse impacts of immigrant policing on health and well-being. The strategies women engaged were shaped by both the immigration processes and structures they confronted, and the resources to which they had access to within their social network.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest a complex interplay of immigration-related policies and processes, social networks, and health-relevant resources. They highlight the importance of inclusive policies to promote health for immigrant communities. These findings illuminate women's agency in the context of structural violence facing immigrant women and are particularly salient in the face of anti-immigrant rhetoric and exclusionary immigration and immigrant policies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Emigrants and Immigrants; Middle Aged; Emigration and Immigration; Mexican Americans; Michigan; Health Services Accessibility; Public Policy; Racism; Grounded Theory; Qualitative Research; Health Promotion; Young Adult
PubMed: 38956532
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19204-3 -
BMC Health Services Research Jul 2024The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the lives, health, and social well-being of people globally including presenting special challenges in low to middle income...
The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the lives, health, and social well-being of people globally including presenting special challenges in low to middle income countries for people living with HIV. This study investigates the pandemic experiences of the four key HIV-positive populations in Indonesia: men who have sex with men, transgender women, female sex workers, and people who use drugs. In-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 22 key population members recruited through 9 nongovernment HIV agencies in Jakarta and Bali, Indonesia. Indonesia's Large-scale Social Restrictions Policy mandating physical distancing and stay-at-home orders had been in effect for 7-10 months at the time of the interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo™ (R1.7) software. A grounded theory approach identified key concepts along with similarities, differences, and reoccurring patterns of COVID-19 lived experience among participants. Participants recounted the impact of both the pandemic and the Restriction Policy on their interpersonal, financial, medical, and psychosocial well-being. When in need, they turned to formal and informal sources of financial and social support plus their own resourcefulness. Along with other factors, HIV medication shortages, HIV and COVID-19 related stigma, and fear of acquiring COVID-19 negatively impacted their antiretroviral adherence and the use of health services. The results point to the latent consequences of government attempts to curb a pandemic through public health lockdowns and enforced policies of physical separation. Its findings reveal the importance of ensuring that public safety nets for HIV key populations are available to supplement more informal personal sources of needed support.
Topics: Humans; Indonesia; Male; COVID-19; HIV Infections; Female; Adult; Social Support; SARS-CoV-2; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; Pandemics; Interviews as Topic; Sex Workers; Social Stigma; Transgender Persons; Patient Acceptance of Health Care
PubMed: 38956516
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11227-1 -
BMC Psychiatry Jul 2024The overall aim of this study was to understand the experiences and perspectives of immigrant Muslim women in Quebec living with mental illness, who have recently used...
OBJECTIVE
The overall aim of this study was to understand the experiences and perspectives of immigrant Muslim women in Quebec living with mental illness, who have recently used formal mental health services such as an accredited therapist, psychologist, or clinician. Specific objectives included (i) eliciting and examining their self-identified barriers and facilitators to recovery; (ii) exploring links between religion and mental health; and (iii) self-reported satisfaction with mental health services received.
METHODS
We adopted a qualitative approach, facilitating the prioritization of participant perspectives. This involved semi-structured interviews with 20 women who (i) identified as Muslim; (ii) had used mental health services in the last three years; and (iii) were 18 + years of age. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques.
RESULTS
Three prominent themes emerged from the analysis. These themes were (i) stigma and misunderstandings in families (especially parents) and sometimes in the ethno-religious community, both acting as barriers to health service utilization and recovery; (ii) frustrating clinical experiences within formal mental health care settings, in particular a perceived lack of cultural and religious competence, which negatively affected service utilization and the development of a therapeutic alliance; and (iii) deeply-held religious beliefs, practices and trust in God imparting a rhythm, purpose and meaning, which were strong facilitators to recovery.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
These findings suggest that recovery from mental illness can be advanced by a three-pronged approach in this population. First, anti-stigma mental health literacy interventions could be held in collaboration with Muslim community groups. Second, there is a need for further religious and cultural competence interventions, resources and trainings for mental health professionals working with Muslims. Third, self-care resources should be developed that harness aspects of religious practices that can give structure, meaning, purpose and hope. All this could ultimately foster recovery in this population.
Topics: Humans; Female; Islam; Mental Health Services; Adult; Quebec; Mental Disorders; Emigrants and Immigrants; Patient Satisfaction; Young Adult; Qualitative Research; Social Stigma
PubMed: 38956511
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05940-8