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ACS Applied Bio Materials May 20243D printing of a living bioanode holds the potential for the rapid and efficient production of bioelectrochemistry systems. However, the ink (such as sodium alginate,...
3D printing of a living bioanode holds the potential for the rapid and efficient production of bioelectrochemistry systems. However, the ink (such as sodium alginate, SA) that formed the matrix of the 3D-printed bioanode may hinder extracellular electron transfer (EET) between the microorganism and conductive materials. Here, we proposed a biomimetic design of a 3D-printed bioanode, wherein riboflavin (RF) was modified on carbon black (CB) to serve as a redox substance for microbial EET. By introducing the medicated EET pathways, the 3D-printed bioanode obtained a maximum power density of 252 ± 12 mW/m, which was 1.7 and 60.5 times higher than those of SA-CB (92 ± 10 mW/m) and a bare carbon cloth anode (3.8 ± 0.4 mW/m). Adding RF reduced the charge-transfer resistance of a 3D-printed bioanode by 75% (189.5 ± 18.7 vs 47.3 ± 7.8 Ω), indicating a significant acceleration in the EET efficiency within the bioanode. This work provided a fundamental and instrumental concept for constructing a 3D-printed bioanode.
Topics: Riboflavin; Shewanella; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Electron Transport; Biocompatible Materials; Materials Testing; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Electrodes; Soot; Particle Size; Ink
PubMed: 38651321
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01088 -
Environmental Science & Technology Apr 2024Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is proposed as a means of reducing global warming and climate change impacts. Similar to aerosol enhancements produced by volcanic...
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is proposed as a means of reducing global warming and climate change impacts. Similar to aerosol enhancements produced by volcanic eruptions, introducing particles into the stratosphere would reflect sunlight and reduce the level of warming. However, uncertainties remain about the roles of nucleation mechanisms, ionized molecules, impurities (unevaporated residuals of injected precursors), and ambient conditions in the generation of SAI particles optimally sized to reflect sunlight. Here, we use a kinetic ion-mediated and homogeneous nucleation model to study the formation of HSO particles in aircraft exhaust plumes with direct injection of HSO vapor. We find that under the conditions that produce particles of desired sizes (diameter ∼200-300 nm), nucleation occurs in the nascent ( < 0.01 s), hot ( = 360-445 K), and dry (RH = 0.01-0.1%) plume and is predominantly unary. Nucleation on chemiions occurs first, followed by neutral new particle formation, which converts most of the injected HSO vapor to particles. Coagulation in the aging and diluting plumes governs the subsequent evolution to a narrow (σ = 1.3) particle size distribution. Scavenging by exhaust soot is negligible, but scavenging by acid impurities or incomplete HSO evaporation in the hot exhaust plume and enhanced background aerosols can matter. This research highlights the need to obtain laboratory and/or real-world experiment data to verify the model prediction.
Topics: Particle Size; Aerosols; Aircraft; Vehicle Emissions; Atmosphere; Air Pollutants
PubMed: 38651174
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08408 -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... May 2024Herein, we have isolated onion-like nanocarbon (ONC) from the exhaust soot of diesel engines and further doped it with nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) to fabricate...
Herein, we have isolated onion-like nanocarbon (ONC) from the exhaust soot of diesel engines and further doped it with nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) to fabricate N,S-co-doped ONC (N-S-ONC). To explore its application feasibility, we have assembled an aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZIHSC) with a N-S-ONC cathode, which attains high specific capacitance with good rate capability. In-depth analyses suggest that the mechanism of charge storage in the ONC is governed by both capacitive-controlled and diffusion-controlled processes, with the capacitive processes leading at all sweep rates. The ZIHSC demonstrated a good energy density of 50 Wh/kg, a maximum power density of 3.6 kW/kg, and an impressive cycle life with 73% capacitance retention after 50,000 charge-discharge cycles. The study suggests the potential possibly for the long-term application of BC derived nanocarbon in electrochemical energy storage systems (EESSs).
PubMed: 38650463
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00009 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... May 2024NO is an air pollutant that affects human health. A series of perovskite catalysts with different ratios of lanthanum, iron, and manganese and a three-dimensional...
NO is an air pollutant that affects human health. A series of perovskite catalysts with different ratios of lanthanum, iron, and manganese and a three-dimensional ordered microporous structure was prepared, and the strongest catalytic performance was obtained with the LaFeMnO catalyst. LaFeMnO possesses the greatest number of oxygen vacancies and reached 77% NO oxidation conversion at 250 °C, with the highest NO oxidation conversion of 99% at 318 °C. This work provides a promising non-precious metal catalyst for NO oxidation and soot combustion.
PubMed: 38639479
DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01275e -
Chemphyschem : a European Journal of... Apr 2024Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) imply the missing link between resonantly stabilized free radicals and carbonaceous nanoparticles, commonly referred to as soot...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) imply the missing link between resonantly stabilized free radicals and carbonaceous nanoparticles, commonly referred to as soot particles in combustion systems and interstellar grains in deep space. Whereas gas phase formation pathways to the simplest PAH - naphthalene (CH) - are beginning to emerge, reaction pathways leading to the synthesis of the 14π Hückel aromatic PAHs anthracene and phenanthrene (CH) are still incomplete. Here, by utilizing a chemical microreactor in conjunction with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization (PI) of the products followed by detection of the ions in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ReTOF-MS), the reaction between the 1'- and 2'-methylnaphthyl radicals (CH⋅) with the propargyl radical (CH⋅) accesses anthracene (CH) and phenanthrene (CH) via the Propargyl Addition-BenzAnnulation (PABA) mechanism in conjunction with a hydrogen assisted isomerization. The preferential formation of the thermodynamically less stable anthracene isomer compared to phenanthrene suggests a kinetic, rather than a thermodynamics control of the reaction.
PubMed: 38635959
DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400151 -
International Archives of Occupational... Jul 2024There is limited study from low-and-middle income countries on the effect of perinatal exposure to air pollution and the risk of infection in infant. We assessed the...
OBJECTIVE
There is limited study from low-and-middle income countries on the effect of perinatal exposure to air pollution and the risk of infection in infant. We assessed the association between perinatal exposure to traffic related air pollution and the risk of infection in infant during their first six months of life.
METHODS
A prospective cohort study was performed in Jakarta, March 2016-September 2020 among 298 mother-infant pairs. PM, soot, NO, and NO concentrations were assessed using land use regression models (LUR) at individual level. Repeated interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data on infection at 1, 2, 4 and 6 months of age. The infections were categorized as upper respiratory tract (runny nose, cough, wheezing or shortness of breath), lower respiratory tract (pneumonia, bronchiolitis) or gastrointestinal tract infection. Logistic regression models adjusted for covariates were used to assess the association between perinatal exposure to air pollution and the risk of infection in the first six months of life.
RESULTS
The average concentrations of PM and NO were much higher than the WHO recommended levels. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) were much more common in the first six months of life than diagnosed lower respiratory tract or gastro-intestinal infections (35.6%, 3.5% and 5.8% respectively). Perinatal exposure to PM and soot suggested increase cumulative risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in the first 6 months of life per IQR increase with adjusted OR of 1.50 (95% CI 0.91; 2.47) and 1.14 (95% CI 0.79; 1.64), respectively. Soot was significantly associated with the risk of URTI at 4-6 months age interval (aOR of 1.45, 95%CI 1.02; 2.09). All air pollutants were also positively associated with lower respiratory tract infection, but all CIs include unity because of relatively small samples. Adjusted odds ratios for gastrointestinal infections were close to unity.
CONCLUSION
Our study adds to the evidence that perinatal exposure to fine particles is associated with respiratory tract infection in infants in a low-middle income country.
Topics: Humans; Female; Infant; Pregnancy; Respiratory Tract Infections; Air Pollutants; Prospective Studies; Adult; Infant, Newborn; Male; Particulate Matter; Vehicle Emissions; Maternal Exposure; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Air Pollution; Developing Countries; Risk Factors; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38632139
DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02064-0 -
Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2024This research investigates the formation mechanism of soot and particulate matter during the pyrolysis and gasification of waste derived from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)...
This research investigates the formation mechanism of soot and particulate matter during the pyrolysis and gasification of waste derived from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in a laboratory scale drop tube furnace. Compared with CO gasification atmosphere, more ultrafine particles (PM, aerodynamic diameter less than 0.2 μm) were generated in N atmosphere at 1200℃, which were mainly composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), graphitic carbonaceous soot and volatile alkali salts. High reaction temperatures promote the formation of hydrocarbon gaseous products and their conversion to PAHs, which ultimately leads to the formation of soot particles. The soot particles generated by waste derived from MSW pyrolysis and gasification both have high specific surface area and well-developed pore structure. Compared with pyrolysis, the soot generated by gasification of waste derived from MSW had smaller size and higher proportion of inorganic components. The higher pyrolysis temperature led to the collapse of the mesoporous structure of submicron particles, resulting in a decrease in total pore volume and an increase in specific surface area. Innovatively, this research provides an explanation for the effect of reaction temperature/ CO on the formation pathways and physicochemical properties of soot and fine particulate matter.
Topics: Particulate Matter; Solid Waste; Pyrolysis; Hot Temperature; Soot; Refuse Disposal; Incineration; Carbon Dioxide; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Particle Size
PubMed: 38631177
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.025 -
ACS Sensors Apr 2024Anisotropic strain sensors capable of multidirectional sensing are crucial for advanced sensor applications in human motion detection. However, current anisotropic...
Anisotropic strain sensors capable of multidirectional sensing are crucial for advanced sensor applications in human motion detection. However, current anisotropic sensors encounter challenges in achieving a balance among high sensitivity, substantial stretchability, and a wide linear detection range. To address these challenges, a facile freeze-casting strategy was employed to construct oriented filler networks composed of carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black within a brominated butyl rubber ionomer (iBIIR) matrix. The resulting anisotropic sensor based on the iBIIR composites exhibited distinct gauge factors (GF) in the parallel and vertical directions (GF = 4.91, while GF = 2.24) and a broad linear detection range over a strain range of 190%. This feature enables the sensor to detect various human activities, including uniaxial pulse, finder bending, elbow bending, and cervical spine movements. Moreover, the ion-cross-linking network within the iBIIR, coupled with strong π-cation interactions between the fillers and iBIIR macromolecules, imparted high strength (12.3 MPa, nearly twice that of pure iBIIR) and an ultrahigh elongation at break (>1800%) to the composites. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited exceptional antibacterial effectiveness, surpassing 99% against both and . Notably, the sensor was capable of wireless sensing. It is anticipated that anisotropic sensors will have extensive application prospects in flexible wearable devices.
Topics: Humans; Elastomers; Nanotubes, Carbon; Anisotropy; Wireless Technology; Wearable Electronic Devices; Soot; Movement; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 38629405
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00274 -
Environmental Science & Technology May 2024Particulate matter, represented by soot particles, poses a significant global environmental threat, necessitating efficient control technology. Here, we innovatively...
Particulate matter, represented by soot particles, poses a significant global environmental threat, necessitating efficient control technology. Here, we innovatively designed and elaborately fabricated ordered hierarchical macroporous catalysts of CeZrO (OM CZO) integrated on a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) using the self-assembly method. An oxygen-vacancy-enriched ordered macroporous CeZrO catalyst (V-OM CZO) integrated CDPF was synthesized by subsequent NaBH reduction. The V-OM CZO integrated CDPF exhibited a markedly enhanced soot oxidation activity compared to OM CZO and powder CZO coated CDPFs (: 430 vs 490 and 545 °C, respectively). The well-defined OM structure of the V-OM CZO catalysts effectively improves the contact efficiency between soot and the catalysts. Meanwhile, oxygen vacancies trigger the formation of a large amount of highly reactive peroxide species (O) from molecular oxygen (O) through electron abstraction from the three adjacent Ce (3Ce + Vö + O → 3Ce + O), contributing to the efficient soot oxidation. This work demonstrates the fabrication of the ordered macroporous CZO integrated CDPF and reveals the importance of structure and surface engineering in soot oxidation, which sheds light on the design of highly efficient PM capture and removal devices.
Topics: Oxidation-Reduction; Catalysis; Peroxides; Soot; Filtration; Particulate Matter; Vehicle Emissions
PubMed: 38627223
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01001 -
Nature Communications Apr 2024Flash Joule heating (FJH) is an emerging and profitable technology for converting inexhaustible biomass into flash graphene (FG). However, it is challenging to produce...
Flash Joule heating (FJH) is an emerging and profitable technology for converting inexhaustible biomass into flash graphene (FG). However, it is challenging to produce biomass FG continuously due to the lack of an integrated device. Furthermore, the high-carbon footprint induced by both excessive energy allocation for massive pyrolytic volatiles release and carbon black utilization in alternating current-FJH (AC-FJH) reaction exacerbates this challenge. Here, we create an integrated automatic system with energy requirement-oriented allocation to achieve continuous biomass FG production with a much lower carbon footprint. The programmable logic controller flexibly coordinated the FJH modular components to realize the turnover of biomass FG production. Furthermore, we propose pyrolysis-FJH nexus to achieve biomass FG production. Initially, we utilize pyrolysis to release biomass pyrolytic volatiles, and subsequently carry out the FJH reaction to focus on optimizing the FG structure. Importantly, biochar with appropriate resistance is self-sufficient to initiate the FJH reaction. Accordingly, the medium-temperature biochar-based FG production without carbon black utilization exhibited low carbon emission (1.9 g CO-eq g graphene), equivalent to a reduction of up to ~86.1% compared to biomass-based FG production. Undoubtedly, this integrated automatic system assisted by pyrolysis-FJH nexus can facilitate biomass FG into a broad spectrum of applications.
Topics: Carbon; Graphite; Biomass; Soot; Charcoal
PubMed: 38622151
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47603-y