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Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Jul 2024Sleep disturbances are common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), affecting patients and caregivers' quality of life. -associated syndrome, a rare NDD, is marked by...
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Sleep disturbances are common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), affecting patients and caregivers' quality of life. -associated syndrome, a rare NDD, is marked by intellectual disability, developmental delay, epilepsy, and sleep issues. However, research on sleep quality in these individuals is limited. This study aimed to evaluate genetic variants, epilepsy, and sleep patterns in -associated syndrome patients and their caregivers.
METHODS
An online survey was applied to 11 caregivers of individuals diagnosed with SYNGAP1-associated syndrome. Specific clinical inquiries were included, addressing childbirth, previous surgeries, and medication use. Inquiries about epilepsy included type of epilepsy, type and frequency of seizures, anti-seizure medications, and complementary non-pharmacological treatments. Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was applied to assess the patients' sleep profile. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality of caregivers.
RESULTS
Genetic analysis showed heterozygous mutations in , often leading to loss of function. Epilepsy was present in 82% of participants, with 77.8% having drug-resistant seizures. Using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), 81.8% of patients exhibited poor sleep habits, including bedtime resistance, anxiety, night awakenings, parasomnias, and daytime sleepiness. Caregivers also reported poor sleep quality according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the high prevalence of epilepsy and sleep problems in -associated syndrome, impacting both patients and caregivers. Further research is crucial to understand the syndrome's effects on sleep disturbances, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve sleep quality in individuals with rare genetic syndromes and their caregivers.
PubMed: 38958060
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11246 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Jul 2024The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children and adolescents with large overjet due to mandibular retrognathia...
STUDY OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children and adolescents with large overjet due to mandibular retrognathia compared to a control group.
METHODS
In this case-control study children with large overjet ≥ 6 mm due to mandibular retrognathia (study group) were compared to a group with neutral occlusion (controls). All participants underwent respiratory polygraphy (PG) and questionnaires regarding sleepiness and snoring. Differences across groups were tested by: Chi-square, general linear model adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), and Mann-Whitney test. Differences in results of PG were also tested by general linear model adjusted for age, sex, and BMI according to severity of mandibular retrognathia.
RESULTS
Thirty-seven (19 male;18 female, median age 12.3 years) participants were included in the study group and 32 (16 male;16 female, median age 12.2 years) in the control group. No significant difference in SDB assessed by PG or questionnaires between the groups was found even though the snore index was higher in the study group (p=0.051). The snore index was higher than the parent-reported snoring. Respiration rate was significantly reduced in the study group (p=0.043), and estimated sleep time efficiency was significantly reduced in males compared to females (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
No significant differences in SDB were found between the groups even though the snore index was higher in the study group. The snore index of the PG was higher than the parent-reported snoring. Estimated sleep time efficiency was reduced in males. The study improves the understanding of risk of SDB in non-obese children with large overjet due to mandibular retrognathia and may contribute to an interdisciplinary approach of risk assessment of SDB in children with malocclusion.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT04964830.
PubMed: 38958059
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11248 -
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease Jul 2024Goats are often asymptomatic carriers of , including the foodborne pathogen Infections can have significant and economically detrimental health outcomes in both humans...
Goats are often asymptomatic carriers of , including the foodborne pathogen Infections can have significant and economically detrimental health outcomes in both humans and animals. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of in U.S. goat herds. species were isolated from 106 of 3,959 individual animals and from 42 of 277 goat operations that participated in fecal sample collection as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System Goat 2019 study. Weighted animal-level prevalence was 2.3% (SE = 0.5%) and operation prevalence was 13.0% (SE = 3.2%). Animal-level prevalence ranged widely from 0 to 70.0%, however, 52.4% of positive operations (22/42) had only a single isolate. was the most frequently isolated species (68.9%; 73/106), followed by (29.3%, 31/106). A total of 46.2% (36/78) of viable isolates were pan-susceptible to 8 antimicrobials. Resistance to tetracycline (TET) was observed in 44.9% (35/78) of isolates, while 12.8% (10/78) were resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and nalidixic acid (NAL). Among all isolates, a single resistance profile CIP-NAL-TET was observed in 3.8% (3/78) of isolates. A total of 35 unique sequence types (STs) were identified, 11 of which are potentially new. Multiple STs were observed in 48.1% (13/27) of positive operations. Goats with access to surface water, operations reporting antibiotics in the feed or water (excluding ionophores and coccidiostats), and operations reporting abortions and without postabortion management tasks had significantly greater odds of being positive. This snapshot of the U.S. goat population enriches the limited pool of knowledge on species presence in U.S. goats.
PubMed: 38957999
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0080 -
Circulation Research Jul 2024PANX1 (pannexin 1), a ubiquitously expressed ATP release membrane channel, has been shown to play a role in inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and myocardial...
BACKGROUND
PANX1 (pannexin 1), a ubiquitously expressed ATP release membrane channel, has been shown to play a role in inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and myocardial infarction. However, the possible role of PANX1 in cardiomyocytes in the progression of heart failure has not yet been investigated.
METHOD
We generated a novel mouse line with constitutive deletion of PANX1 in cardiomyocytes (Panx1).
RESULTS
PANX1 deletion in cardiomyocytes had no effect on unstressed heart function but increased the glycolytic metabolism and resulting glycolytic ATP production, with a concurrent decrease in oxidative phosphorylation, both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, treatment of H9c2 cardiomyocytes with isoproterenol led to PANX1-dependent release of ATP and Yo-Pro-1 uptake, as assessed by pharmacological blockade with spironolactone and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PANX1. To investigate nonischemic heart failure and the preceding cardiac hypertrophy, we administered isoproterenol, and we demonstrated that Panx1 mice were protected from systolic and diastolic left ventricle volume increases as a result of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, we found that Panx1 mice showed decreased isoproterenol-induced recruitment of immune cells (CD45), particularly neutrophils (CD11b, Ly6g), to the myocardium.
CONCLUSIONS
Together, these data demonstrate that PANX1 deficiency in cardiomyocytes increases glycolytic metabolism and protects against cardiac hypertrophy in nonischemic heart failure at least in part by reducing immune cell recruitment. Our study implies PANX1 channel inhibition as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in patients with heart failure.
PubMed: 38957990
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.124.324650 -
The Journal of Asthma : Official... Jul 2024Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airways that affects more than 260 million people worldwide and has been related to more than 460,000 deaths a...
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airways that affects more than 260 million people worldwide and has been related to more than 460,000 deaths a year. It is estimated that in 60% of asthma cases, the symptoms are not adequately controlled. The objective of this study was to determine the association between some comorbidities, habits, and health risk behaviors with uncontrolled asthma in a sample of young people with asthma. Through a cross-sectional study, data from 1,078 young people aged 17 to 19 years were analysed. Information was collected through physical examination, direct questioning, and the application of a self-administered questionnaire. In the group of young people with asthma, the prevalence of uncontrolled asthma was 20.6%, of which 53.8% were women, 76.9% suffered from rhinitis, 46.2% were overweight and 23.1% were obese. In the group of young with uncontrolled asthma, gingivitis was detected in 53.8% and alcohol consumption in 84.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between allergic rhinitis, gingivitis, carbohydrate intake, alcohol consumption, overweight, and obesity with uncontrolled asthma. Parents and members of the health team need to identify on time the risk factors associated with uncontrolled asthma in young people with asthma to limit its development and the negative effects it generates. The results of this study should be used to strengthen programs that promote the comprehensive health of adolescents.
PubMed: 38957941
DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2375270 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Apr 2024The escalating concern over Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among children underscores the urgency of comprehending its determinants and links to mental health,...
BACKGROUND
The escalating concern over Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among children underscores the urgency of comprehending its determinants and links to mental health, particularly for interventions targeting school-aged children.
AIM
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of IGD and its association with depression, anxiety, and behavior among 8-12-year-old children attending private schools in Salem city.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
A cross-sectional study involving 780 children aged 8-12 years from Salem district was conducted. Schools were randomly sampled, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data were gathered from children without genetic, systemic, or mental disorders and brain trauma. The questionnaire, adapted from Alhamoud M A et al. (2022), encompassed sections on sociodemographic characteristics, gaming behavior, and scales for assessing IGD, depression, and anxiety. Administration occurred during school hours with a 30-35 min completion time.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Data analysis utilized SPSS v23.0, including descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-square tests for intergroup comparisons, and Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine associations.
RESULTS
The prevalence of IGD in Salem district was 1.2%, with higher rates of anxiety and depression observed among older children, particularly males.
CONCLUSIONS
A positive correlation was evident between IGD, anxiety, and depression. Urgent preventive measures have to be warranted to curb the rising trend of IGD, such as limiting screen time and promoting outdoor activities to enhance children's overall health.
Topics: Humans; Child; India; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Female; Depression; Internet Addiction Disorder; Anxiety; Surveys and Questionnaires; Schools; Video Games; Behavior, Addictive
PubMed: 38957906
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_27_24 -
Health Science Reports Jul 2024In the United States, the opioid epidemic has led many young people who use opioids to initiate injection drug use, putting them at risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV)...
HCV prevalence and phylogenetic characteristics in a cross-sectional, community study of young people who inject drugs in New York City: Opportunity for and threats to HCV elimination.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
In the United States, the opioid epidemic has led many young people who use opioids to initiate injection drug use, putting them at risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, community surveys to monitor HCV prevalence among young people who inject drugs (YPWID) are rare.
METHODS
As part of Staying Safe (Ssafe), a trial to evaluate an HCV-prevention intervention, a community-recruited sample of 439 young people who use opioids (ages 18-30) in New York City (NYC) were screened from 2018 to 2021. Screening procedures included a brief verbal questionnaire, a visual check for injection marks, onsite urine drug testing, rapid HCV antibody (Ab) testing, and dried blood spot (DBS) collection. DBS specimens were sent to a laboratory for HCV RNA testing and phylogenetic analysis to identify genetic linkages among HCV RNA-positive specimens. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between HCV status (Ab and RNA) and demographics and drug use patterns.
RESULTS
Among the 330 participants who reported injecting drugs (past 6 months), 33% ( = 110) tested HCV Ab-positive, 58% of whom ( = 64) had HCV RNA-positive DBS specimens, indicating active infection. In multivariable analysis, visible injection marks (AOR = 3.02; < 0.001), older age (AOR = 1.38; < 0.05), and female gender (AOR = 1.69; = 0.052) were associated with HCV Ab-positive status. Visible injection marks were also associated with HCV RNA-positive status (AOR = 5.24; < 0.01). Twenty-five percent of RNA-positive specimens (14/57) were genetically linked.
CONCLUSION
The relatively low prevalence of active infection suggests the potential impact of treatment-as-prevention in reducing HCV prevalence among YPWID. Targeted community serosurveys could help identify actively infected YPWID for treatment, thereby reducing HCV incidence and future transmissions.
PubMed: 38957862
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2211 -
Ghana Medical Journal Dec 2023To determine the prevalence and severity of anaemia and assess the relationship between dietary lifestyle, hypoalbuminaemia, and anaemia of older persons.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence and severity of anaemia and assess the relationship between dietary lifestyle, hypoalbuminaemia, and anaemia of older persons.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional hospital-based study.
SETTING
This study was conducted in the General Outpatient Clinic, the primary care unit of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano, Nigeria.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 378 patients aged ≥ 60 years who presented to the General Out-patient Clinic.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Prevalence and severity of anaemia, relationship between anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia, and dietary lifestyle of the participants.
RESULTS
A total of 348 respondents completed the study. The mean age of respondents was 67.83 ±7.53 years, with female (60.9%) predominance. The prevalence of anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia were 42.2% and 17.8%, respectively. Hypoalbuminaemia (β=0.335, 95%CI=0.131-0.229, <0.001), long duration of comorbidities (β= -0.179, 95%CI= -0.165-0.047, <0.001), one full meal/day (β=0.130, 95%CI=0.224-1.879, =0.013), and low monthly income (β=0.122, 95%CI=0.179-1.543, =0.026) were the predictors of anaemia among the older persons in this study.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed a high prevalence of anaemia among older adults. The identified predictors, such as hypoalbuminaemia, long duration of comorbidities, reduced food intake and low monthly income, will be useful in developing guidelines and strategies for managing the condition in primary care settings and other similar sites.
FUNDING
None declared.
Topics: Humans; Female; Nigeria; Male; Aged; Hypoalbuminemia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Anemia; Prevalence; Primary Health Care; Life Style; Diet; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38957852
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v57i4.7 -
Ghana Medical Journal Dec 2023The study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics among attendants of the Out-patient Department (OPD) at Madina Polyclinic before seeking...
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics among attendants of the Out-patient Department (OPD) at Madina Polyclinic before seeking medical consultation and associated factors.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
The study was conducted at Madina Polyclinic.
PARTICIPANTS
The study involved 319 general OPD attendants aged 18 years and above accessing healthcare services at the Madina Polyclinic between May and June 2019.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The prevalence of antibiotic self-medication and the factors associated with this practice.
RESULTS
From the study, 46.4% (95% CI 40.8%- 52.0%) had self-medicated with antibiotics before presenting for medical consultation at the hospital. Less than half of the respondents (44.5%) had adequate knowledge about the use of antibiotics. Having a tertiary level of education was significantly associated with self-medication (aOR= 8.09, 95% CI 2.31-28.4, p = 0.001), whilst adequate knowledge on the use of antibiotics reduced the odds of self-medication by 53% (aOR= 0.47, 95% CI 0.23- 0.66, p<0.001). The level of education modified the relationship between knowledge and self-medication with antibiotics.
CONCLUSION
The practice of antibiotic self-medication is rife among OPD attendants. Therefore, adequate public education on the use of antibiotics and the effects of using them inappropriately must be done. The Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) policy ought to be reinforced and made known to all, especially among the pharmacies that dispense antibiotics indiscriminately.
FUNDING
None declared.
Topics: Humans; Self Medication; Male; Female; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Middle Aged; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Young Adult; Outpatients; Adolescent; Aged; Educational Status
PubMed: 38957850
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v57i4.8 -
Conservation Physiology 2024Forest fragmentation and edge effects are two major threats to primate populations. Primates inhabiting fragmented landscapes must survive in a more degraded...
Forest fragmentation and edge effects are two major threats to primate populations. Primates inhabiting fragmented landscapes must survive in a more degraded environment, often with lower food availability compared to continuous forests. Such conditions can have deleterious effects on animal physiological health, yet some primates thrive in these habitats. Here, we assessed how forest fragmentation and associated edge effects impact three different components of physiological health in a nocturnal primate community in the Sahamalaza-Iles Radama National Park, northwest Madagascar. Over two periods, 6 March 2019-30 October 2019 and 10 January 2022-17 May 2022, we collected data on body condition, fur condition scores and ectoparasite prevalence for 125 , 51 , 27 and 22 individuals, and we compared these metrics between core and edge areas of continuous forest and fragmented forest. Body condition scores for all species varied between areas, with a positive response to fragmentation and edge effects observed for and and a negative response for and . Fur condition scores and ectoparasite prevalence were less variable, although and had a significantly negative response to fragmentation and edge effects for these two variables. Interestingly, the impacts of fragmentation and edge effects on physiological health were variable-specific. Our results suggest that lemur physiological responses to fragmentation and edge effects are species-specific, and body condition, fur condition and ectoparasite prevalence are impacted in different ways between species. As other ecological factors, including food availability and inter/intraspecific competition, likely also influence physiological health, additional work is required to determine why certain aspects of lemur physiology are affected by environmental stressors while others remain unaffected. Although many nocturnal lemurs demonstrate resilience to fragmented and degraded habitats, urgent conservation action is needed to safeguard the survival of their forest habitats.
PubMed: 38957844
DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae042