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Tropical Animal Health and Production May 2024Egg preference as a source of protein also provides beneficial fatty acids, vital for human consumption. However, rich in lipid products are prone to oxidative damage....
Egg preference as a source of protein also provides beneficial fatty acids, vital for human consumption. However, rich in lipid products are prone to oxidative damage. The study aims to determine the effect of supplementing biogenic selenium (Se) from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, ADS18 (ADS18) in laying hens' diet on yolk lipid oxidation status (MDA), beta-carotene (β-carotene) content, cholesterol, fatty acids, Se, and vitamin E (VE) level. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) laying hens of Lohmann Brown strains aged 50 weeks, weighing 1500 to 2000 g were reared individually in A-shape two-tier stainless-steel cages sized 30 cm x 50 cm x 40 cm (width, depth height). The hens were randomly allotted into four treatments with six replications in a complete randomised design for the period of 12 weeks. The basal diet contains 100 mg/kg VE. Treatment diets consist of basal diet as control, SS containing 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite, Se-yeast containing 0.3 mg/kg selenised yeast, and VADS18 containing 0.3 mg/kg of ADS18. Forty-eight eggs were collected and freeze-dried biweekly for analysis. The results of the present study showed that hens supplemented ADS18 had significantly (P < 0.05) lower MDA and cholesterol levels while their egg yolks had higher levels of Se and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The control group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents than the VE and dietary Se-supplemented groups, while the ADS18 group had the lowest SFA contents. Conversely, in comparison to the inorganic and control groups, the VE content of the egg yolk was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in organic Se-supplemented (Se-yeast and VADS18) groups. Hens with SS supplementation had significantly (P < 0.05) higher egg yolk β-carotene content. When compared to other treatment groups, the control group had higher (P < 0.05) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content. The ADS18 is therefore deemed comparable to other Se sources. To prevent Se toxicity, however, a better understanding of the levels of ADS18 incorporation in poultry diets is required.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Female; Dietary Supplements; Animal Feed; Selenium; Egg Yolk; Vitamin E; Diet; Random Allocation; Fatty Acids; Lipids; beta Carotene
PubMed: 38691179
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04006-x -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Chronic infection with in persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) has been linked to an increased risk of pulmonary exacerbations and lung function decline. We sought to...
RATIONALE
Chronic infection with in persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) has been linked to an increased risk of pulmonary exacerbations and lung function decline. We sought to establish whether baseline sputum microbiome associates with risk of incident infection and persistence in pwCF.
METHODS
pwCF experiencing incident infections attending the Calgary Adult CF Clinic from 2010-2018 were compared with -negative sex, age (+/-2 years), and birth-cohort-matched controls. Infection outcomes were classified as persistent (when the pathogen was recovered in ≥50% of cultures in the subsequent year) or transient. We assessed microbial communities from prospectively biobanked sputum using V3-V4 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, in the year preceding (Pre) ( = 57), at (At) ( = 22), and after (Post) ( = 31) incident infection. We verified relative abundance data using -specific qPCR and 16S rRNA-targeted qPCR to assess bioburden. Strains were typed using pulse-field gel electrophoresis.
RESULTS
Twenty-five pwCF with incident (56% female, median 29 years, median FEV 61%) with 33 total episodes were compared with 56 uninfected pwCF controls. Demographics and clinical characteristics were similar between cohorts. Among those with incident infection, sputum communities did not cluster based on infection timeline (Pre, At, Post). Communities differed between the infection cohort and controls ( = 56) based on Shannon Diversity Index (SDI, = 0.04) and clustered based on Aitchison distance (PERMANOVA, = 0.01) prior to infection. At the time of incident isolation, communities did not differ in SDI but clustered based on Aitchison distance (PERMANOVA, = 0.03) in those that ultimately developed persistent infection versus those that were transient. abundance within sputum was increased in samples from patients (Pre) relative to controls, measuring both relative ( = 0.004) and absolute ( = 0.001). Furthermore, abundance was increased in sputum at incident infection in those who ultimately developed persistent infection relative to those with transient infection, measured relatively ( = 0.04) or absolute ( = 0.04), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Microbial community composition of CF sputum associates with infection acquisition as well as infection outcome. Our study suggests sputum microbiome may serve as a surrogate for identifying infection risk and persistence risk.
PubMed: 38690371
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353145 -
Journal of Chemical Information and... May 2024L2 β-lactamases, serine-based class A β-lactamases expressed by , play a pivotal role in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, limited studies have been conducted...
L2 β-lactamases, serine-based class A β-lactamases expressed by , play a pivotal role in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, limited studies have been conducted on these important enzymes. To understand the coevolutionary dynamics of L2 β-lactamase, innovative computational methodologies, including adaptive sampling molecular dynamics simulations, and deep learning methods (convolutional variational autoencoders and BindSiteS-CNN) explored conformational changes and correlations within the L2 β-lactamase family together with other representative class A enzymes including SME-1 and KPC-2. This work also investigated the potential role of hydrophobic nodes and binding site residues in facilitating the functional mechanisms. The convergence of analytical approaches utilized in this effort yielded comprehensive insights into the dynamic behavior of the β-lactamases, specifically from an evolutionary standpoint. In addition, this analysis presents a promising approach for understanding how the class A β-lactamases evolve in response to environmental pressure and establishes a theoretical foundation for forthcoming endeavors in drug development aimed at combating AMR.
Topics: beta-Lactamases; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Deep Learning; Evolution, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
PubMed: 38687957
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00189 -
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences... Mar 2024<b>Background and Objective:</b> A new strain of cannabis, <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1, has been approved and registered by...
<b>Background and Objective:</b> A new strain of cannabis, <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1, has been approved and registered by the Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand. The <i>C. sativa</i> is acknowledged for its medicinal properties which demonstrated various therapeutic properties, such as anti-cancer and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from the stems and leaves of the Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1 strain against seven antibiotic-resistant bacteria. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The primary antibacterial activity of ethanolic Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1 extracts were determined using the disc diffusion method, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined using the broth microdilution method. <b>Results:</b> The largest inhibition zone, measuring 12 mm, was observed in leaf extracts against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 101. The lowest MIC, at 0.78 mg/mL, was obtained from stem extracts against <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>. The lowest MBCs, at 12.5 mg/mL, were observed in leaf extracts against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>pneumoniae</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 101 and stem extracts against <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 101. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study presents a novel finding regarding the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from the leaves and stems of Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1 against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The potential application of these cannabis plant extracts in the development of antibiotics capable of combating antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria represents a promising strategy to address a significant global health concern.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Cannabis; Humans; Bacteria; Plant Leaves; Ethanol; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Plant Stems
PubMed: 38686733
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.119.124 -
The Journal of Hospital Infection Jul 2024Many Gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been implicated in waterborne outbreaks, but standardized laboratory detection methods for these...
BACKGROUND
Many Gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been implicated in waterborne outbreaks, but standardized laboratory detection methods for these organisms have not been established.
AIM
This study aimed to establish laboratory testing methodologies for six waterborne pathogens: Acinetobacter spp., Burkholderia spp., Cupriavidus spp., Delftia acidovorans, Elizabethkingia spp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
METHODS
Water samples were spiked by UK Health Security Agency laboratories and sent to the Glasgow Royal Infirmary laboratory for analysis. Water samples were spiked with either a pure culture of target organism or the target organism in water containing normal background flora, to ensure that the methodology could identify organisms from a mixed culture. Volumes of 100 mL were filtered under negative pressure on to culture media and incubated at 30 °C and 37 °C. The incubation time was 7 days, with plates read on days 2, 5 and 7. Further identification of colonies was undertaken using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
FINDINGS
Optimal recovery of organisms was obtained by culturing water samples on tryptic soy agar, chocolate bacitracin agar and pseudomonas selective agar. The optimal temperature for isolation was 30 °C. The optimal incubation time was 5 days, and MALDI-TOF MS identified all test species reliably.
CONCLUSION
The methodology described was able to detect the six tested waterborne pathogens reliably, and can be utilized by laboratories involved in testing water samples during outbreak investigations.
Topics: Hospitals; Water Microbiology; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Bacteriological Techniques; Culture Media; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Temperature; United Kingdom; Bacterial Load
PubMed: 38685413
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.04.008 -
Respiratory Research Apr 2024Children with advanced pulmonary disease due to cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk of acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary exacerbations leading to their admission...
Acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary exacerbation in children with cystic fibrosis admitted in a pediatric intensive care unit: outcomes and factors associated with mortality.
BACKGROUND
Children with advanced pulmonary disease due to cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk of acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary exacerbations leading to their admission to pediatric intensive care units (PICU). The objectives of this study were to determine short and medium-term outcomes of children with CF admitted to PICU for acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary exacerbation and to identify prognosis factors.
METHODS
This retrospective monocentric study included patients less than 18 years old admitted to the PICU of a French university hospital between 2000 and 2020. Cox proportional hazard regression methods were used to determine prognosis factors of mortality or lung transplant.
RESULTS
Prior to PICU admission, the 29 patients included (median age 13.5 years) had a severe lung disease (median Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s percentage predicted at 29%). Mortality rates were respectively 17%, 31%, 34%, 41% at discharge and at 3, 12 and 36 months post-discharge. Survival rates free of lung transplant were 34%, 32%, 24% and 17% respectively. Risk factors associated with mortality or lung transplant using the univariate analysis were female sex and higher pCO2 and chloride levels at PICU admission, and following pre admission characteristics: home respiratory and nutritional support, registration on lung transplant list and Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia bronchial colonization.
CONCLUSION
Children with CF admitted to PICU for acute respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary exacerbations are at high risk of death, both in the short and medium terms. Lung transplant is their main chance of survival and should be considered early.
Topics: Humans; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Child; Adolescent; Respiratory Insufficiency; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Risk Factors; Disease Progression; France; Child, Preschool; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38685088
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02778-2 -
MicrobiologyOpen Jun 2024Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant (MDR), Gram-negative bacterium intrinsically resistant to beta-lactams, including last-resort carbapenems. As an...
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant (MDR), Gram-negative bacterium intrinsically resistant to beta-lactams, including last-resort carbapenems. As an opportunistic pathogen, it can cause serious healthcare-related infections. This study assesses the prevalence, resistance profiles, and genetic diversity of S. maltophilia isolated from residential aged care facilities (RACFs). RACFs are known for their overuse and often inappropriate use of antibiotics, creating a strong selective environment that favors the development of bacterial resistance. The study was conducted on 73 S. maltophilia isolates recovered from wastewater and facility swab samples obtained from three RACFs and a retirement village. Phenotypic and genotypic assessments of the isolates revealed high carbapenem resistance, exemplifying their intrinsic beta-lactam resistance. Alarmingly, 49.3% (36/73) of the isolates were non-wild type for colistin, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of > 4 mg/L, and 11.0% (8/73) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No resistance mechanisms were detected for either antimicrobial. Genotypic assessment of known lineages revealed isolates clustering with Sm17 and Sm18, lineages not previously reported in Australia, suggesting the potential ongoing spread of MDR S. maltophilia. Lastly, although only a few isolates were biocide tolerant (2.7%, 2/73), their ability to grow in high concentrations (64 mg/L) of triclosan is concerning, as it may be selecting for their survival and continued dissemination.
Topics: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Genotype; Australia; Wastewater; Prevalence; Genetic Variation; Colistin; Carbapenems; Aged; Residential Facilities
PubMed: 38682784
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1409 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Several biologically active compounds involved in the green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles have been isolated from snail mucus and characterized. This paper...
Several biologically active compounds involved in the green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles have been isolated from snail mucus and characterized. This paper presents a successful method for the application of snail mucus from as a bioreducing agent of copper sulfate and as a biostabilizer of the copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs-Muc) obtained. The synthesis at room temperature and neutral pH yielded nanoparticles with a spherical shape and an average diameter of 150 nm. The structure and properties of CuONPs-Muc were characterized using various methods and techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE), up-conversion infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Raman spectroscopy and imaging, thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DSC), etc. Mucus proteins with molecular weights of 30.691 kDa and 26.549 kDa were identified, which are involved in the biogenic production of CuONPs-Muc. The macromolecular shell of proteins formed around the copper ions contributes to a higher efficiency of the synthesized CuONPs-Muc in inhibiting the bacterial growth of several Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis NBIMCC2353, ATCC 6633, ATCC 6538, NBIMCC8755) and Gram-negative ( ATCC8739, NBIMCC8691, ATCC 14028, ATCC 17666) bacteria compared to baseline mucus. The bioorganic synthesis of snail mucus presented here provides CuONPs-Muc with a highly pronounced antimicrobial effect. These results will expand knowledge in the field of natural nanomaterials and their role in emerging dosage forms.
PubMed: 38675466
DOI: 10.3390/ph17040506 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Apr 2024: The clinical outcomes of usual doses of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) for treating in critically ill patients on renal replacement therapies (RRT) have not...
: The clinical outcomes of usual doses of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) for treating in critically ill patients on renal replacement therapies (RRT) have not been established. We sought to assess the clinical outcomes of TMP/SMZ in patients with sepsis utilizing RRT. : A retrospective study was performed on all critically ill adult patients with infections who received RRT between May 2015 and January 2022. The primary endpoint was clinical cure while the secondary endpoints were microbiologic cure, 30-day infection recurrence, and mortality. : Forty-five subjects met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 70.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 63.5-77] years, 57.8% were males, and the median body mass index was 25.7 [IQR: 22-30.2] kg/m. Clinical success and failure were reported in 18 (40%) and 27 (60%) cases, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 30-day reinfection rates of both groups; however, mortality was significantly higher in the clinical failure group, involving 12 patients (44.4%), versus none in the clinical success group ( = 0.001). The median daily dose of TMP/SMZ upon continuous veno-venous hemofiltration was 1064 [IQR: 776-1380] mg in the clinical cure group vs. 768 [IQR:540-1200] mg in the clinical failure group ( = 0.035). Meanwhile, the median dose for those who received intermittent hemodialysis was 500 [IQR: 320-928] mg in the clinical success group compared to 640 [IQR: 360-1005] mg in the clinical failure group ( = 0.372). A total of 55% experienced thrombocytopenia, 42% hyperkalemia, and 2.2% neutropenia. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the total daily dose at therapy initiation was the only independent factor associated with clinical success after adjusting for different variables including the body mass index [Odds ratio 1.004; 95% confidence interval: (1-1.007), = 0.044]. : Although the isolates were reported as susceptible, TMP/SMZ with conventional doses to treat bacteremia and pneumonia in critically ill patients utilizing RRT was associated with high rates of clinical and microbiologic failure as well as with mortality. Larger outcomes and pharmacokinetics studies are needed to confirm our findings.
PubMed: 38673547
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082275 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024is a major threat to the food industry and human health owing to its strong protease production and biofilm formation abilities. However, information regarding...
is a major threat to the food industry and human health owing to its strong protease production and biofilm formation abilities. However, information regarding regulatory factors or potential mechanisms is limited. Herein, we observed that temperature differentially regulates biofilm formation and protease production, and a cAMP receptor-like protein (Clp) negatively regulates thermosensor biofilm formation, in contrast to protease synthesis. Among four c-di-GMP-related two-component systems (TCSs), promoter fusion analysis revealed that transcription levels were predominantly controlled by LotS/LotR, partially controlled by both RpfC/RpfG and a novel TCS Sm0738/Sm0737, with no obvious effect caused by Sm1912/Sm1911. Biofilm formation in Δ and ΔTCSs strains suggested that LotS/LotR controlled biofilm formation in a Clp-mediated manner, whereas both RpfC/RpfG and Sm0738/Sm0737 may occur in a distinct pathway. Furthermore, enzymatic activity analysis combined with c-di-GMP level indicated that the enzymatic activity of c-di-GMP-related metabolism proteins may not be a vital contributor to changes in c-di-GMP level, thus influencing physiological functions. Our findings elucidate that the regulatory pathway of c-di-GMP-related TCSs and Clp in controlling spoilage or the formation of potentially pathogenic factors in expand the understanding of c-di-GMP metabolism and provide clues to control risk factors of in food safety.
PubMed: 38672874
DOI: 10.3390/foods13081201