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Microorganisms Apr 2024() is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe diseases in humans and pigs, including meningitis, sepsis, polyserositis, arthritis, and endocarditis. This study...
() is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe diseases in humans and pigs, including meningitis, sepsis, polyserositis, arthritis, and endocarditis. This study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of 19 strains of isolated from diseased pigs in Hubei Province between 2021 and 2023. Through bioinformatics analysis, we investigated the serotype, MLST, pan-genome characteristics, SNP, AMR, and ICE of the 19 isolates. Among the 19 strains, ten serotypes were identified, and serotype 9 was the most prevalent (21.05%). Ten new alleles and nine new sequence types (STs) were discovered, with ST28 and ST243 emerging as the predominant STs. The results of the pan-genomic analysis of indicate that there are 943 core genes, 2259 shell genes, and 5663 cloud genes. Through SNP evolutionary analysis, we identified a strong genetic similarity between SS31 and the reference genome P1/7. The analysis of antibiotic resistance genes revealed widespread presence of (B) and (O) genes among 19 strains of . This association may be linked to the high resistance of to lincosamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and integrative and mobilizable elements (IMEs) were identified in 16 strains, with a carriage rate of 84.21%, and resistance genes were identified within the ICE/IME elements of 8 strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all strains showed sensitivity to vancomycin and lincomycin but resistance to tilmicosin, tiamulin, amoxicillin, and doxycycline. This study contributes to our understanding of the genomic diversity of in Hubei Province of China, providing essential data for the comprehensive prevention and control of infections in China.
PubMed: 38792744
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050917 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024In response to the global threat posed by bacterial pathogens, which are the second leading cause of death worldwide, vaccine development is challenged by the diversity...
In response to the global threat posed by bacterial pathogens, which are the second leading cause of death worldwide, vaccine development is challenged by the diversity of bacterial serotypes and the lack of immunoprotection across serotypes. To address this, we introduce BacScan, a novel genome-wide technology for the rapid discovery of conserved highly immunogenic proteins (HIPs) across serotypes. Using bacterial-specific serum, BacScan combines phage display, immunoprecipitation, and next-generation sequencing to comprehensively identify all the HIPs in a single assay, thereby paving the way for the development of universally protective vaccines. Our validation of this technique with , a major pathogenic threat, led to the identification of 19 HIPs, eight of which conferred 20-100% protection against challenge in animal models. Remarkably, HIP 8455 induced complete immunity, making it an exemplary vaccine target. BacScan's adaptability to any bacterial pathogen positions it as a revolutionary tool that can expedite the development of vaccines with broad efficacy, thus playing a critical role in curbing bacterial transmission and slowing the march of antimicrobial resistance.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Bacterial Proteins; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Genome, Bacterial; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Female; Antigens, Bacterial; Humans; Bacterial Vaccines
PubMed: 38779673
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392456 -
European Archives of... May 2024This study aimed to explore the diagnostic sensitivity of 3D heavily weighted T2-weighted MRI (T2MRI) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients with...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to explore the diagnostic sensitivity of 3D heavily weighted T2-weighted MRI (T2MRI) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients with cochlear fibrosis associated with Streptococcus suis (S. suis) meningitis and the practicality of Cochlear implantation (CI) treatments.
METHODS
Between January 2020 and December 2022, we enrolled four patients with rare cochlear S. suis meningitis with associated hearing loss despite aggressive or non-aggressive follow-up antibiotic treatment. Clinical imaging data, surgical performances and post-surgical-electrode impedance were evaluated.
RESULTS
Combined with HRCT and T2MRI, the cochlea had varying degrees of fibrosis and ossification in different cases. However, the electrodes were successfully and wholly inserted after intraoperative removal of the ossified and fibrotic foci. Post-surgical electrode impedance values of MP1 + 2 mode were normal in all 4 cases at initial activation.
CONCLUSION
In patients with S. suis meningitis and associated cochlear fibrosis, T2MRI examination of the inner ear was more sensitive than HRCT. This research highlights the feasibility of CI treatment in S. suis meningitis patients with severe cochlear fibrosis.
PubMed: 38758241
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08730-w -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024() is a zoonotic pathogen with a global distribution, which causes serious diseases in both humans and animals and economic losses in the swine industry. As antibiotic...
() is a zoonotic pathogen with a global distribution, which causes serious diseases in both humans and animals and economic losses in the swine industry. As antibiotic resistance increases, there is an urgent imperative to explore novel antibacterial alternatives. In the present study, we selected the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a candidate drug to treat infections. The results showed that various pathogens, especially , are more sensitive to 5-FU. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of 5-FU is relatively low. Extensive in vitro assays demonstrated the pronounced bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacy of 5-FU against susceptible and multidrug-resistant strains. Its mechanisms of action include damage to the bacterial cell walls and membranes, resulting in the leakage of intracellular components, and the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), leading to a depletion of deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) pools, ultimately causing thymine-less death and lethal DNA damage in bacteria. Gene-knockout experiments further showed that 5-FU played a role by inhibiting the gene-encoding thymidine synthase. Finally, we determined that infections can be alleviated by 5-FU in the mouse infection model. This study emphasizes the antibacterial potential of 5-FU against and provides evidence for its targeting of bacterial membrane damage and DNA damage. In summary, 5-FU can control infection and is expected to become a new alternative to antibiotics.
PubMed: 38731290
DOI: 10.3390/ani14091286 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Apr 2024Streptococcus suis (S. suis) disease is a zoonotic infection caused by invasive S. suis and can lead to meningitis, septic shock, arthritis, and endocarditis. Early...
INTRODUCTION
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) disease is a zoonotic infection caused by invasive S. suis and can lead to meningitis, septic shock, arthritis, and endocarditis. Early treatment is the key to reducing mortality. However, clinical manifestations of most cases are atypical, severely limiting rapid diagnosis and treatment.
CASE REPORT
Here, we report a 74-year-old female patient diagnosed with S. suis infection. The main symptoms were hearing loss, lumbago, and scattered ecchymosis of the lower extremities and trunk. Blood non-specific infection indexes were significantly increased and platelets were significantly decreased; however, no pathogens were obtained from routine blood culture. Finally, the S. suis infection was confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of blood and cerebrospinal fluid. After antibiotic treatment, the limb and trunk scattered ecchymosis and lumbago symptoms were significantly relieved, but the hearing did not recover.
CONCLUSIONS
Human infection with S. suis is rare in central cities, and it is easy to misdiagnose, especially in cases with atypical early symptoms. mNGS technology, combined with clinical observation, is helpful to clarify the direction of diagnosis and treatment, which is conducive to patient recovery.
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus suis; Female; Aged; Streptococcal Infections; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Metagenomics; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38728637
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18805 -
Veterinary Research May 2024Streptococcus suis is a bacterial pathogen that causes important economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Since there are no current commercial vaccines, the use...
Streptococcus suis is a bacterial pathogen that causes important economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Since there are no current commercial vaccines, the use of autogenous vaccines applied to gilts/sows to enhance transfer of passive immunity is an attractive alternative to protect weaned piglets. However, there is no universal standardization in the production of autogenous vaccines and the vaccine formulation may be highly different among licenced manufacturing laboratories. In the present study, an autogenous vaccine that included S. suis serotypes 2, 1/2, 5, 7 and 14 was prepared by a licensed laboratory and administrated to gilts using a three-dose program prior to farrowing. The antibody response in gilts as well as the passive transfer of antibodies to piglets was then evaluated. In divergence with previously published data with an autogenous vaccine produced by a different company, the increased response seen in gilts was sufficient to improve maternal antibody transfer to piglets up to 5 weeks of age. However, piglets would still remain susceptible to S. suis disease which often appears during the second part of the nursery period. Vaccination did not affect the shedding of S. suis (as well as that of the specific S. suis serotypes included in the vaccine) by either gilts or piglets. Although all antibiotic treatments were absent during the trial, the clinical protective effect of the vaccination program with the autogenous vaccine could not be evaluated, since limited S. suis cases were present during the trial, confirming the need for a complete evaluation of the clinical protection that must include laboratory confirmation of the aetiological agent involved in the presence of S. suis-associated clinical signs. Further studies to evaluate the usefulness of gilt/sow vaccination with autogenous vaccines to protect nursery piglets should be done.
Topics: Animals; Streptococcus suis; Swine; Swine Diseases; Streptococcal Infections; Female; Autovaccines; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Streptococcal Vaccines; Serogroup; Vaccination
PubMed: 38715138
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01313-x -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2024is a major bacterial pathogen in pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Different serotypes exhibit diverse characteristics in population structure and pathogenicity....
is a major bacterial pathogen in pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Different serotypes exhibit diverse characteristics in population structure and pathogenicity. Surveillance data highlight the significance of serotype 4 (SS4) in swine streptococcusis, a pathotype causing human infections. However, except for a few epidemiologic studies, the information on SS4 remains limited. In this study, we investigated the population structure, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial characteristics of SS4 based on 126 isolates, including one from a patient with septicemia. We discovered significant diversities within this population, clustering into six minimum core genome (MCG) groups (1, 2, 3, 4, 7-2, and 7-3) and five lineages. Two main clonal complexes (CCs), CC17 and CC94, belong to MCG groups 1 and 3, respectively. Numerous important putative virulence-associated genes are present in these two MCG groups, and 35.00% (7/20) of pig isolates from CC17, CC94, and CC839 (also belonging to MCG group 3) were highly virulent (mortality rate ≥ 80%) in zebrafish and mice, similar to the human isolate ID36054. Cytotoxicity assays showed that the human and pig isolates of SS4 strains exhibit significant cytotoxicity to human cells. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 95.83% of strains isolated from our labs were classified as multidrug-resistant. Prophages were identified as the primary vehicle for antibiotic resistance genes. Our study demonstrates the public health threat posed by SS4, expanding the understanding of SS4 population structure and pathogenicity characteristics and providing valuable information for its surveillance and prevention.
Topics: Streptococcus suis; Animals; Swine; Humans; Streptococcal Infections; Serogroup; Swine Diseases; Virulence; Mice; Genome, Bacterial; Zebrafish; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phylogeny; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 38703011
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2352435 -
International Journal of Systematic and... May 2024Human breast milk contains lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which have an important influence on the composition of the intestinal microbia of infants. In this study, one...
Human breast milk contains lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which have an important influence on the composition of the intestinal microbia of infants. In this study, one strain of an α-hemolytic species of the genus , IMAU99199, isolated from the breast milk of a healthy nursing mother in Hohhot city PR China, was studied to characterise its taxonomic status using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. The results indicated that it represented a member of the mitis-suis clade, pneumoniae subclade of the genus . It is a Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and oxidase-negative bacterium, and the cells are globular, paired or arranged in short chains. The results of a phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene and two housekeeping genes ( and ) placed it in the genus . A phylogenetic tree based on 135 single-copy genes sequences indicated that IMAU99199 formed a closely related branch well separated from '' IMAU99125, '' Marseille Q6994, NCTC 12261, '' DM3B3, TP1632, ATCC BAA-960 and NCTC 7465. IMAU99199 and '' IMAU99125 had the highest average nucleotide identity (93.7 %) and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (55.3 %) values, which were below the accepted thresholds for novel species. The DNA G+C content of the draft genome of IMAU99199 was 39.8 %. The main cellular fatty acids components of IMAU99199 were C and Cω7. It grew at a temperature range of 25-45 °C (the optimum growth temperature was 37 °C) and a pH range of 5.0-8.0 (the optimum growth pH was 7.0). These data indicate that strain IMAU99199 represents a novel species in the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMAU99199 (=GDMCC 1.1874=KCTC 21155).
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Humans; Female; China; DNA, Bacterial; Milk, Human; Streptococcus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Base Composition; Fatty Acids; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Genes, Bacterial
PubMed: 38695863
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006354 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Streptococcus suis () is a zoonotic pathogen threatening public health. Aditoprim (ADP), a novel veterinary medicine, exhibits an antibacterial effect against . In this...
Streptococcus suis () is a zoonotic pathogen threatening public health. Aditoprim (ADP), a novel veterinary medicine, exhibits an antibacterial effect against . In this study, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model was used to determine the dosage regimens of ADP against and withdrawal intervals. The PBPK model of ADP injection can predict drug concentrations in plasma, liver, kidney, muscle, and fat. A semi-mechanistic pharmacodynamic (PD) model, including susceptible subpopulation and resistant subpopulation, is successfully developed by a nonlinear mixed-effect model to evaluate antibacterial effects. An integrated PBPK/PD model is conducted to predict the time-course of bacterial count change and resistance development under different ADP dosages. ADP injection, administrated at 20 mg/kg with 12 intervals for 3 consecutive days, can exert an excellent antibacterial effect while avoiding resistance emergence. The withdrawal interval at the recommended dosage regimen is determined as 18 days to ensure food safety. This study suggests that the PBPK/PD model can be applied as an effective tool for the antibacterial effect and safety evaluation of novel veterinary drugs.
PubMed: 38694922
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378034 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... May 2024is a major agent of disease in modern swine operations, linked to increased mortality, treatment costs, and secondary infections. Although it is ubiquitous in swine,...
OBJECTIVE
is a major agent of disease in modern swine operations, linked to increased mortality, treatment costs, and secondary infections. Although it is ubiquitous in swine, only a fraction of pigs develop clinical disease. The goals of this study were to profile isolates obtained from diseased pigs in western Canada and to investigate potential associations with disease severity.
PROCEDURE
Isolates of ( = 128) from 75 diagnostic submission and 63 premises were paired with epidemiological surveys completed by submitting practitioners ( = 22). Whole-genome sequencing was used to type isolates.
RESULTS
The most prevalent serotypes identified were 1/2 (7.8%, 10/128), 2 (9.3%, 12/128), 3 (9.3%, 12/128), and 7 (7.8%, 10/128); and sequence types 28 (17%, 23/128) and 839 (14%, 19/128). There was no association between serotype or sequence type and organ source or barn location. Approximately 74% (14/19) of the premises had diseased animals colonized by > 1 serotype, but only 1 pig was simultaneously infected with multiple serotypes and sequence types. Serotype distribution from diseased pigs in western Canada differed from that of those in other geographic regions.
CONCLUSION
Infection of diseased pigs by multiple serotypes should be considered when disease control strategies are implemented. No association between type and isolation organ was identified.
Topics: Animals; Streptococcus suis; Swine; Swine Diseases; Streptococcal Infections; Serogroup; Canada
PubMed: 38694742
DOI: No ID Found