-
Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2023Vibrio mimicus caused a seafood-associated outbreak in Florida, USA, in which 4 of 6 case-patients were hospitalized; 1 required intensive care for severe diarrhea....
Vibrio mimicus caused a seafood-associated outbreak in Florida, USA, in which 4 of 6 case-patients were hospitalized; 1 required intensive care for severe diarrhea. Strains were ctx-negative but carried genes for other virulence determinants (hemolysin, proteases, and types I-IV and VI secretion systems). Cholera toxin-negative bacterial strains can cause cholera-like disease.
Topics: Humans; Cholera; Florida; Vibrio mimicus; Disease Outbreaks; Seafood
PubMed: 37735754
DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230486 -
PloS One 2023The current study determines the density of Vibrio spp. and isolates V. cholerae and Vibrio mimicus from fish-anatomical-sites, prawn, crab and mussel samples recovered...
Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes profiling of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus isolates from some seafood collected at the aquatic environment and wet markets in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
The current study determines the density of Vibrio spp. and isolates V. cholerae and Vibrio mimicus from fish-anatomical-sites, prawn, crab and mussel samples recovered from fish markets, freshwater and brackish water. Virulence and antibiotic resistance profiling of isolates were carried out using standard molecular and microbiology techniques. Vibrio spp. was detected in more than 90% of samples [134/144] and its density was significantly more in fish than in other samples. Vibrio. cholerae and V. mimicus were isolated in at least one sample of each sample type with higher isolation frequency in fish samples. All the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroup. One or more V. cholerae isolates exhibited intermediate or resistance against each of the eighteen panels of antibiotics used but 100% of the V. mimicus were susceptible to amikacin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. Vibrio cholerae exhibited relatively high resistance against polymyxin, ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate while V. mimicus isolates exhibited relatively high resistance against nitrofurantoin, ampicillin and polymixin. The multiple-antibiotic-resistance-index [MARI] for isolates ranges between 0 and 0.67 and 48% of the isolates have MARI that is >0.2 while 55% of the isolates exhibit MultiDrug Resistance Phenotypes. The percentage detection of acc, ant, drf18, sul1, mcr-1, blasvh, blaoxa, blatem, blaoxa48, gyrA, gyrB and parC resistance-associated genes were 2%, 9%, 14%, 7%, 2%, 25%, 7%, 2%, 2%, 32%, 25% and 27% respectively while that for virulence-associated genes in increasing other was ace [2%], tcp [11%], vpi [16%], ompU [34%], toxR [43%], rtxC [70%], rtxA [73%] and hyla [77%]. The study confirmed the potential of environmental non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae and V. mimicus to cause cholera-like infection and other vibriosis which could be difficult to manage with commonly recommended antibiotics. Thus, regular monitoring of the environment to create necessary awareness for this kind of pathogens is important in the interest of public health.
Topics: Animals; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio mimicus; South Africa; Virulence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ampicillin; Polymyxins; Drug Resistance, Microbial
PubMed: 37616193
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290356 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Sep 2023Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is known to cause severe bacterial diseases with high mortality rates in fish, resulting in significant economic losses in the global...
Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is known to cause severe bacterial diseases with high mortality rates in fish, resulting in significant economic losses in the global aquaculture industry. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a safe and effective vaccine for protecting Carassius auratus (C. auratus) against V. mimicus infection. Recombinant Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) strains, Lc-pPG-612-OmpU and Lc-pPG-612-OmpU-CTB (surface-displayed), were constructed using a L. casei strain (ATCC 393) as an antigen delivery carrier and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as an adjuvant. The two recombinant strains of L. casei were administered to C. auratus via oral immunization, and the protective efficacy of the oral vaccines was assessed. The results demonstrated that oral immunization with the two strains significantly increased the levels of nonspecific immune indicators in C. auratus, including alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LYS), acid phosphatase (ACP), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), lectin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, the experiment groups exhibited significant increases in specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against OmpU, as well as the transcription of immune-related genes (ie., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β), when compared to the control groups. Following infection of C. auratus with V. mimicus, the mortality rate of the recombinant L. casei-treated fish was observed to be lower compared to the control group. This finding suggests that recombinant L. casei demonstrates effective protection against V. mimicus infection in C. auratus. Furthermore, the addition of the immune adjuvant CTB was found to induce a more robust adaptive and innate immune response in C. auratus, resulting in reduced mortality after infection with V. mimicus.
Topics: Animals; Goldfish; Vibrio mimicus; Carps; Bacterial Vaccines; Vibrio Infections; Lacticaseibacillus casei
PubMed: 37481101
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108973 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Aug 2023Type II secretion systems (T2SS) are important molecular machines used by bacteria to transport a wide range of proteins across the outer membrane from the periplasm....
Type II secretion systems (T2SS) are important molecular machines used by bacteria to transport a wide range of proteins across the outer membrane from the periplasm. Vibrio mimicus is an epidemic pathogen threats to both aquatic animals and human health. Our previous study demonstrates that T2SS deletion reduced virulence by 307.26 times in yellow catfish. However, the specific effects of T2SS-mediated extracellular protein secretion in V. mimicus, including its potential role in exotoxin secretion or other mechanisms, require further investigation. Through proteomics and phenotypic analyses, this study observed that the ΔT2SS strain exhibited significant self-aggregation and dynamic deficiency, with a notable negative correlation with subsequent biofilm formation. The proteomics analysis revealed 239 different abundances of extracellular proteins after T2SS deletion, including 19 proteins with higher abundance and 220 proteins with lower and even absent in the ΔT2SS strain. These extracellular proteins are involved in various pathways, such as metabolism, virulence factors expression, and enzymes. Among them, purine, pyruvate, and pyrimidine metabolism, and the Citrate cycle, were the primary pathways affected by T2SS. Our phenotypic analysis is consistent with these findings, suggesting that the decreased virulence of ΔT2SS strains is due to the effect of T2SS on these proteins, which negatively impacts growth, biofilm formation, auto-aggregation, and motility of V. mimicus. These results provide valuable insights for designing deletion targets for attenuated vaccines development against V. mimicus and expand our understanding of the biological functions of T2SS.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Type II Secretion Systems; Vaccines, Attenuated; Bacterial Proteins; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 37380063
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106215 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2023Vibrio species are waterborne ubiquitous organisms capable of causing diseases in humans and animals and the occurrence of infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vibrio species are waterborne ubiquitous organisms capable of causing diseases in humans and animals and the occurrence of infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species among humans have increased globally. This reemergence is attributed to environmental impacts such as global warming and pollution. Africa is most vulnerable to waterborne infections caused by these pathogens because of lack of good water stewardship and management. This study was carried out to provide an in-depth inquiry into the occurrence of pathogenic Vibrio species in water sources and wastewater across Africa. In this regard, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching five databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Springer Search and African Journals Online (AJOL). The search yielded 70 articles on pathogenic Vibrio species presence in African aquatic environments that fit our inclusion criteria. Based on the random effects model, the pooled prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species in various water sources in Africa was 37.6 % (95 % CI: 27.7-48.0). Eighteen countries were represented by the systematically assessed studies and their nationwide prevalence in descending order was: Nigeria (79.82 %), Egypt (47.5 %), Tanzania (45.8 %), Morocco (44.8), South Africa (40.6 %), Uganda (32.1 %), Cameroon (24.5 %), Burkina Faso (18.9 %) and Ghana (5.9 %). Furthermore, 8 pathogenic Vibrio species were identified across water bodies in Africa with the highest detection for V. cholerae (59.5 %), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (10.4 %), V.alginolyticus (9.8 %), V. vulnificus (8.5 %), V. fluvialis (6.6 %), V. mimicus (4.6 %), V. harveyi (0.5 %) and V. metschnikovii (0.1 %). Evidently, pathogenic Vibrio species occurrence in these water sources especially freshwater corroborates the continuous outbreaks observed in Africa. Therefore, there is an urgent need for proactive measures and continuous monitoring of water sources used for various purposes across Africa and proper treatment of wastewater before discharge into water bodies.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Wastewater; Water; Vibrio; Vibrio cholerae; Burkina Faso
PubMed: 37028683
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163332