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Medical Science Monitor : International... Jun 2024Orthodontic treatments, while essential for achieving optimal oral health, present challenges in infection control due to the propensity for bacterial adhesion and...
Orthodontic treatments, while essential for achieving optimal oral health, present challenges in infection control due to the propensity for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on orthodontic appliances. Silver-coated orthodontic materials have emerged as a promising solution, leveraging the potent antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Antibacterial coatings are used in orthodontics to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms. This systematic review evaluated the literature on antimicrobial silver coatings on fixed orthodontic appliances, including archwires, brackets, and microimplants. Two evaluators, working independently, rigorously conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. This systematic review comprehensively examined in vitro studies investigating the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-coated orthodontic archwires, brackets, and microimplants. The review registered in PROSPERO CRD42024509189 synthesized findings from 18 diverse studies, revealing consistent and significant reductions in bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and colony counts with the incorporation of AgNPs. Key studies demonstrated the effectiveness of silver-coated archwires and brackets against common oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Microimplants coated with AgNPs also exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against a range of microorganisms. The systematic review revealed potential mechanisms underlying these antimicrobial effects, highlighted implications for infection prevention in orthodontic practice, and suggested future research avenues. Despite some study heterogeneity and limitations, the collective evidence supports the potential of silver-coated orthodontic materials in mitigating bacterial complications, emphasizing their relevance in advancing infection control measures in orthodontics.
Topics: Silver; Humans; Biofilms; Orthodontic Brackets; Metal Nanoparticles; Orthodontic Wires; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Anti-Infective Agents; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptococcus mutans; Bacterial Adhesion; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 38843112
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944255 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jun 2024Dental caries is a widespread bacterial infectious disease that imposes a significant public health burden globally. The primary culprits in caries development are...
Dental caries is a widespread bacterial infectious disease that imposes a significant public health burden globally. The primary culprits in caries development are cariogenic bacteria, notably (), due to their robust biofilm-forming capabilities. To address this issue, a series of cationic pyridinium-substituted photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission have been designed. All of these aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) exhibit outstanding microbial visualization and photodynamic killing of , thanks to their luminous fluorescence and efficient singlet oxygen generation ability. Notably, one of the membrane-anchored AIEgens (TDTPY) can inactivate planktic and its biofilm without causing significant cytotoxicity. Importantly, application of TDTPY-mediated photodynamic treatment on in vivo rodent models has yielded commendable imaging results and effectively slowed down caries progression with assured biosafety. Unlike traditional single-mode anticaries materials, AIEgens integrate the dual functions of detecting and removing and are expected to build a new caries management diagnosis and treatment platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report on the use of AIEgens for anticaries studies both in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Streptococcus mutans; Photosensitizing Agents; Dental Caries; Photochemotherapy; Animals; Biofilms; Mice; Singlet Oxygen; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38842123
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04585 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024To provide an overview of the available scientific evidence from in vitro studies regarding the effect induced by the flavonoids contained in grape seed extracts (GSE)... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of the available scientific evidence from in vitro studies regarding the effect induced by the flavonoids contained in grape seed extracts (GSE) and cranberry on the microbiological activity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).
METHODS
This systematic review was performed following the parameters of the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). Electronic and manual searches were conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. Reference lists of selected articles were reviewed to identify relevant studies. The search was not limited by year and was conducted solely in English. Eligible studies comprised publications describing in vitro studies that evaluated the effect of flavonoids derived from GSE and cranberry extracts on the microbiological activity of S. mutans. Common variables were identified to consolidate the data. Authors of this review independently screened search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias.
RESULTS
Of the 420 studies identified from the different databases, 22 publications were finally selected for review. The risk of bias was low in 13 articles and moderate in 9. The studies analyzed in this review revealed that cranberry extract has an inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth of S. mutans in ranges from 0.5 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL, and GSE exerts a similar effect from 0.5 mg/mL to 250 mg/mL. Additionally, the extracts or their fractions showed reduced biofilm formation capacity, decreased polymicrobial biofilm biomass, deregulation of glycosyltransferases (Gtf) B and C expression, and buffering of pH drop. In addition to adequate antioxidant activity related to polyphenol content.
CONCLUSIONS
The overall results showed that the extracts of cranberry and grape seed were effective in reducing the virulence factors of the oral pathogen. According to the data, proanthocyanidins are the active components in cranberry and grape seed that effectively resist S. mutans. They can inhibit the formation of insoluble polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix and prevent glycan-mediated adhesion, cohesion, and aggregation of the proteins in S. mutans. This suggests that these natural extracts could play an important role in the prevention of cariogenic bacterial colonization, as well as induce a decrease in their microbiological activity.
Topics: Streptococcus mutans; Vaccinium macrocarpon; Plant Extracts; Flavonoids; Grape Seed Extract; Biofilms; Humans; Vitis; Proanthocyanidins
PubMed: 38840232
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04263-0 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2024The objective was to measure the thickness of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms forming in an oral biofilm reactor (OBR) by using a noninvasive swept-source...
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to measure the thickness of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms forming in an oral biofilm reactor (OBR) by using a noninvasive swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system at every 4 h time interval until 20 h and analyze the correlations with the amounts of biofilms.
METHODS
S. mutans biofilms were formed on square-shaped bovine enamel blocks inside an OBR. Biofilms were analyzed at every 4 h stage (4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h and 20 h) using a SS-OCT system and a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The amounts of biofilms were measured at each stage by separating the water insoluble glucan (WIG) and bacterial cells. Co-relationships between the SS-OCT measured biofilm thickness and the amounts of adhered biofilms were analyzed.
RESULTS
The thickness of biofilms detected on SS-OCT images at 4 h stage was 0.059 ± 0.029 (Av ± SD) mm which increased time-dependently in a linear fashion after 8 h stage and reached to 0.435 ± 0.159 mm at 20 h stage and the correlation coefficient was about 0.89. The amounts of biofilms; bacterial optical density (OD) and WIG concentration increased time-dependently were 0.035 ± 0.008 / mm and 10.328 ± 2.492 µg/ mm respectively at 20 h stage. Correlation coefficients of 0.66 between 'the amounts of bacteria' and 'biofilm thickness on OCT' and 0.67 between 'the amounts of WIG' and 'biofilm thickness on OCT' were obtained, suggesting that there was a relatively positive correlation between them.
CONCLUSION
The SS-OCT can be a useful tool to measure time-dependent growth of biofilms. Further studies are needed in order to assess biofilms using SS-OCT more accurately.
Topics: Tomography, Optical Coherence; Biofilms; Cattle; Animals; Streptococcus mutans; Microscopy, Confocal; Dental Enamel; In Vitro Techniques; Dental Caries; Time Factors
PubMed: 38838513
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106009 -
Cellular and Molecular Biology... Jun 2024This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antimicrobial activity of ozone gel against oral biofilms grown on titanium dental implant discs. The experiment...
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antimicrobial activity of ozone gel against oral biofilms grown on titanium dental implant discs. The experiment used medical grade five titanium discs on which peri-implant isolated biofilms were grown. The experimental groups were control, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Granulicatella adiacens (G. adiacens), (n = 6). The oral microbes grown on titanium discs were exposed to ozone gel for 3 minutes and the antibacterial activity was assessed by turbidity test and adherence test for the antibiofilm activity test. Bacterial morphology and confluence were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (n=3). Two bacterial species were identified from the peri-implant sample, S. mutans and G. adiacens. The results showed that adding ozone to the bacterial biofilm on titanium dental implants did not exhibit significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Moreover, there was no significant difference in antibiofilm activity between control and treatment groups. However, significant antibacterial and antibiofilm effect was exhibited by ozone gel against G. adiacens. Ozonated olive oil can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for disinfecting dental implant surfaces and treating peri-implantitis.
Topics: Ozone; Olive Oil; Biofilms; Peri-Implantitis; Streptococcus mutans; Humans; Dental Implants; Titanium; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38836689
DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2024.70.6.1 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The formation of white spots, which represent early carious lesions, is a major issue with fixed orthodontics. The addition of remineralizing agents to orthodontic...
Investigation of mechanical properties, remineralization, antibacterial effect, and cellular toxicity of composite orthodontic adhesive combined with silver-containing nanostructured bioactive glass.
BACKGROUND
The formation of white spots, which represent early carious lesions, is a major issue with fixed orthodontics. The addition of remineralizing agents to orthodontic adhesives may prevent the formation of white spots. The aim of this study was to produce a composite orthodontic adhesive combined with nano-bioactive glass-silver (nBG@Ag) for bracket bonding to enamel and to investigate its cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, remineralization capability, and bond strength.
METHODS
nBG@Ag was synthesized using the sol-gel method, and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with an attenuated total reflectance attachment (ATR-FTIR). The cytotoxicity test (MTT) and antimicrobial activity of adhesives containing 1%, 3%, and 5% (wt/wt) nBG@Ag were evaluated, and the shear bond strength of the adhesives was measured using a universal testing machine. Remineralization was assessed through microhardness testing with a Vickers microhardness tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test, one-way ANOVA, Robust-Welch test, Tukey HSD method, and two-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
The biocompatibility of the adhesives was found to be high, as confirmed by the lack of significant differences in the cytotoxicity between the sample and control groups. Discs made from composites containing nBG@Ag exhibited a significant reduction in the growth of Streptococcus mutans (p < 0.05), and the antibacterial activity increased with higher percentages of nBG@Ag. The shear bond strength of the adhesives decreased significantly (p < 0.001) after the addition of nanoparticles, but it remained above the recommended value. The addition of nBG@Ag showed improvement in the microhardness of the teeth, although the differences in microhardness between the study groups were not statistically significant. The formation of hydroxyapatite deposits on the tooth surface was confirmed through SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
CONCLUSION
Adding nBG@Ag to orthodontic adhesives can be an effective approach to enhance antimicrobial activity and reduce enamel demineralization around the orthodontic brackets, without compromising biocompatibility and bond strength.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Silver; Tooth Remineralization; Orthodontic Brackets; Dental Cements; Materials Testing; Nanostructures; Streptococcus mutans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction; Glass; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Ceramics; Humans; Composite Resins; Shear Strength; Hardness; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel
PubMed: 38824555
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04402-7 -
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical... Mar 2024Dental implants are commonly used for tooth replacement tools due to their good oral rehabilitation and reconstruction capacities. Dental implants treatment for natural...
Dental implants are commonly used for tooth replacement tools due to their good oral rehabilitation and reconstruction capacities. Dental implants treatment for natural teeth is desired to achieve successful implants treatment with improved osseointegration through promotion of mammalian cell activity and prevention of bacterial activity. Honey is potentially known for its antimicrobial and antibacterial potential, specifically for burns and wound healing. In this study, honey based silver nanoparticles were synthesized using various concentrations of honey. The synthesized HNY-AgNPs, MSN and HNY-AgMSN were characterized for their surface Plasmon resonance using UV spectroscopy, Hydrodynamic diameter using Zetasizer. Morphology using AFM. Furthermore, surface functional groups were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy at 4cm-1 resolutions. The developed hybrid nanoparticles were tested for their anti-bacterial activity at concentration of 3000µg/mL. It was found HNY-AgNPs was active against both bacterial strains i.e, Streptococcus mutans and streptococcus aureus. HNY-AgNPs-MSN hybrid implant demonstrated potential new type of dental implants, which can offer an effective design for the fabrication of advanced dental implants.
Topics: Honey; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Implants; Silver; Streptococcus mutans; Metal Nanoparticles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus aureus; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38822546
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Dentistry May 2024The purposes of this in vitro study were to evaluate the effect of three isolation methods to mitigate bioaerosols during stainless steel crown (SSC) preparations and...
The purposes of this in vitro study were to evaluate the effect of three isolation methods to mitigate bioaerosols during stainless steel crown (SSC) preparations and assess the distribution of Streptococcus mutans by aerosolization in closed-room operatories. Melamine teeth coated in laboratory-grown S. mutans biofilm were prepared for SSCs using three different isolation methods. Agar plates were placed in five locations throughout the operatory and opened during each preparation as well as for 10 minutes immediately following to collect aerosolized S. mutans. Bacterial colonies were counted after incubating plates for 48 hours. Data were analyzed for differences between the isolation method and plate locations. Bacterial colony counts for teeth prepared using high-volume evacuation suction (HVE) with dental dam (DD) isolation were statistically significantly higher than for those prepared using HVE with a DryShield®(DS) and HVE with no isolation at the assistant (A) (P<0.001), operator face shield (FS) (P<0.001), and patient (Pt) (P=0.002) locations. No significant differences were found among isolation methods for parent (Pa) or rear delivery (RD) locations. The location that produced the most bacterial colony counts using HVE with DD isolation was FS (P<0.001), followed by A (P=0.04), Pt (P<0.001), and RD and Pa (P<0.001). Counts produced from teeth prepared with DS isolation were significantly higher at the Pt location than the A (P<0.001), FS (P=0.002), RD (P<0.001), and Pa (P=0.008) locations. The use of dental dam with high-volume evacuation suction during stainless steel crown preparations increased bioaerosols near the procedure, while dental evacuation systems (DryShield®) may effectively limit their spread.
Topics: Aerosols; Humans; Streptococcus mutans; Stainless Steel; Crowns; In Vitro Techniques; Air Microbiology; Colony Count, Microbial; Biofilms; Bacterial Load; Suction; Infection Control, Dental
PubMed: 38822496
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Oral Health May 2024In this study, the antimicrobial activity of three different cleanser tablets on S. mutans and C. albicans adhesion to PMMA, polyamide and 3D printed resin was...
BACKGROUND
In this study, the antimicrobial activity of three different cleanser tablets on S. mutans and C. albicans adhesion to PMMA, polyamide and 3D printed resin was investigated.
METHODS
40 samples were prepared for PMMA (SR Triplex Hot), polyamide (Deflex) and 3D printed resin (PowerResins Denture) materials and divided into four subgroups for cleansers (Aktident™, Protefix™, Corega™ tablets and distilled water) (n = 5). After the surface preparations were completed, the samples were immersed separately in tubes containing the prepared microorganism suspension and incubated at 37˚C for 24 h. After the incubation, the samples were kept in the cleanser solutions. The samples were then transferred to sterile saline tubes. All the tubes were vortexed and 10 µl was taken from each of them. Sheep blood agar was inoculated for colony counting. The inoculated plates were incubated for 48 h for S. mutans and 24 h for C. albicans. After incubation, colonies observed on all plates were counted. Statistical analyses were done with three-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test.
RESULTS
Polyamide material registered the highest colony count of S. mutans, whereas PMMA registered the lowest. Significant differences in S. mutans adherence (p = 0.002) were found between the three denture base materials, but no such difference in C. albicans adherence (p = 0.221) was identified between the specimens. All three cleanser tablets eliminated 98% of S. mutans from all the material groups. In all these groups, as well, the antifungal effect of Corega™ on C. albicans was significantly higher than those of the other two cleanser tablets.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the study's results, it may be better to pay attention to surface smoothness when using polyamide material to prevent microorganism retention. Cleanser tablets are clinically recommended to help maintain hygiene in removable denture users, especially Corega tablets that are more effective on C. albicans.
Topics: Candida albicans; Streptococcus mutans; Denture Bases; Denture Cleansers; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Nylons; Tablets; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Materials; Bacterial Adhesion; Anti-Infective Agents; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38811903
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04403-6 -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Jun 2024Dental caries, a chronic infectious disease characterized by tooth mineral loss caused by plaque, is one of the major global public health problems. Silver diamine...
Dental caries, a chronic infectious disease characterized by tooth mineral loss caused by plaque, is one of the major global public health problems. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been proven to be a highly effective anti-caries drug due to its high bacterial inhibition and remineralization ability. However, the SDF solution is unstable, which immensely limits its clinical application. Therefore, new silver-load clay named AgF@Hec was designed by replacing the NHwith hectorite in this study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy were employed to confirm the structure of AgF@Hec. Dynamic light scattering analysis was used to reveal the effect of different hectorite concentrations on the stability of AgF@Hec. Moreover, AgF@Hec exhibits significant remineralization and hardness recovery of the initial carious lesions. Bacteriostatic experiments also proved that it has a significant inhibitory effect onand both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We therefore believed that AgF@Hec should be a promising biomaterial that can be applied in the prevention of dental caries.
Topics: Dental Caries; Clay; Silver Compounds; X-Ray Diffraction; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Silver; Fluorides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tooth Remineralization; Streptococcus mutans; Humans; Hardness; Materials Testing; Animals; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Biocompatible Materials; Fluorides, Topical
PubMed: 38810617
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad51c1